...The Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement was a series of political movements for equality before the laws peaked in the 1960’s. During the period of 1954-1965, many gains were made in the progress of desegregation. In 1954, the landmark case of Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas deemed that separate education facilities for the races were unconstitutional. Though the ruling was a significant victory in the movement, the process of overturning segregation was just beginning (Beacham, T. Gilmartin, B., Grobman, S, Ling, C., & Rhee, V. (Producers), Libretto, J. (Director), 2004). In 1964, the passing of The Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in employment practices and public accommodations. In 1965, The Voter Rights Act insured all citizens had the right to vote and eliminated discriminatory “tricks” often used in southern states to prevent African Americans from going to the polls (Bowles, 2011,Chapter 4:6). These momentous strides were not without the painful realities of violence and death for many who supported the movement. Though the movement centered on African Americans, other minorities wanted equality as well. Women, Mexican Americans, and American Indians sought out methods of equality during this time of change in the country. In the 1960’s the United Farm Workers of American (UFW), led by Cesar Chavez, started a strike and boycott of table grapes that gained nationwide support. Women, through voices like Gloria Steinem, called...
Words: 526 - Pages: 3
...New Left • The Movement • Hippies • Beliefs: anti-war, rights for everyone, university reforms • Often young radicals • Was not the majority of Americans • Loosely organized Student for a Democratic Society • was one of the most active anti-war groups. • They were also against racial discrimination and strict college rules. • Rich mans war but a poor mans fight Free Speech Movement • Berkeley students disputed over rights of students • students challenged campus police and striked in large mass • nearly decade of campus turmoil • moved along to Columbia and other colleges Weathermen • 1969 • small groups of militants that cultivated popular imgae of student radicalism= cahos + disorder • responsible for arson, bombing= destroy campus buildings + lives • tried to drive out training programs + bar military recruiters from college campuses Antiwar rallies • in protest of Vietnam war, many individuals gathered to advocate against the political minds and US presence in Vietnam • 1960s (late '60s) • organized some of the largest political demonstrations in American history Anti-draft movement • Protests against the military draft. • 1960s and 70s • only voluntary participation. Many left the country Counterculture • culture with values and beliefs different then the mainstream • 1970s Woodstock • A music festival held in New York in 1969 • the beatles, jimmy hendrix Termination • Reducing size of bureaucracy by cutting programs/agencies - reduce budget ...
Words: 1072 - Pages: 5
...In the early 1970’s, activists representing the newly established American Indian Movement occupied public landmarks throughout the United States with the hopes of protecting indigenous sovereignty by addressing the multitude of treaty responsibilities which the United States government had failed to uphold (Szekely 2/13/17). This ongoing fight is a result of the complexity of indigenous “nested sovereignty” within a colonized state. Today, the effects of this conflict manifest in the Iroquois territory, which spans from upstate New York to the surrounding Lake Ontario region in Canada. The dynamic between colonial states and the Haudenosaunee is embodied in two standpoints; while the settler state administration focuses on addressing the “problem”...
Words: 833 - Pages: 4
...women to be included in the art exhibits and therefore the feminist movement had begun. The feminist movement was started with four women artists: Yoko Ono, Adrian Piper, Carolee Schneemann, and Eva Hesse who participated in and prompted the artistic directions. The purpose of the feminist movement was to protest for equal rights, sexism, gender roles, and reproductive rights so women could be allowed in the American art world. In 1971, art historian Linda Nochlin published an essay “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?” In this article she argued with art critics and historians. Nochlin explained how women were being excluded from all art exhibits and collections. Women started protesting by picketing museums and staging demonstrations. In 1972, women started shaping American society by opening their own art galleries all over the world to show their work. They opened feminist art programs at Fresno State College and California Institute of the Arts (Cal Arts) in early 1970. By 1974 over 1,000 United States colleges and universities offered women’s studies courses. In 1975, women started creating images of their bodies to proclaim women’s right to control and enjoy their bodies, which was the start of women’s liberation, while other women decided to dress up their painting with embroidery, knitting, quilting, and china paintings to raise consciousness and redirect modern American art. In 1940’s, women started using initials or changing their names to reflect male...
Words: 1004 - Pages: 5
...D o e s E q u a l i t y R e a l l y M e a n Y o u r E q u a l ? T h r o u g h t h e y e a r s o f 1970-2000 t h e i r w a s s t r u g g l e , l o s s e s o f h o p e , a n d p r o t e s t s a l l b e c a u s e o f t h e k e y i d e a o f E Q U A L I T Y . N o t o n l y d i d t h e g r o u p s s t r u g g l e b u t a t o n e p o i n t t h e r e w a s n o h o p e . T h r o u g h t h i n k a n d t h i n g r o u p s f i g h t i n g f o r t h e i r f r e e d o m c o n t i n u e d t o r a i s e t h e i r v o i c e s a g a i n s t a n y s i g n s o f r a c i s m a n d o r d i s c r i m i n a t i o n o f g e n d e r . G r o u p s s u c h a s Hispanic's , A m e r i c a n s , women a n d Native American's. A l l g r o u p s f e l t s t r u g g l e t o g e t p o i n t a c r o s s t o t h a t e v e r y o n e s h o u l d b e e q u a l . W o m e n s t r o n g e s t h u m a n b e i n g s b u t i t w a s a l w a y s t h a t w a y . T h r o u g h o u t the years women struggled with equality with everything they did. In 1960's women Had started N.O.W which is a organization that women protested in. In July 1972 the movement even had a magazine of its own that kept women learning about the issues women were having...
Words: 1024 - Pages: 5
...Johnny Cash, be it his mother's folk and hymn ballads, or the working music people sang out in the fields. Johnny, who first picked up the guitar at the age of 12, showed a love for the music that enveloped his life. Cash only took a few singing lessons in his early teens and that were all he needed. In 1950 Cash graduated high school and joined the air force. He was discharged in 1954 and settled in Memphis, Tennessee to begin his music career. In 1955 Cash records his first record “Hey Porter” with a five dollar guitar at Sun Records. 1956 the release of “Folsom Prison Blues” and his first big hit “I Walk The Line”. Cash became a member of the “Million Dollar Quartet” that included Elvis, Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis. During the 1950’s, the United States enters into the Korean War, the Immigration and Naturalization Act passes, racial segregation is ruled unconstitutional, Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat, Alaska and Hawaii become states. Cash witnessed a song about a country changing. In the...
Words: 1299 - Pages: 6
...aviation and transportation commercial ventures brought millions more specialists of fluctuated topographical and social foundations into the state. Movement really accelerated after the war's end. In 1962, California passed New York as the country's most crowded state. By the turn of the 21st century, California made a case for the world's fifth biggest economy and a populace of almost 34 million. As the state's lodging,...
Words: 1539 - Pages: 7
...The African American civil rights movement of the mid-20th century garnered widespread attention and support from both within and outside the United States, catalyzing significant legislative changes and societal shifts. In contrast, the American Indian civil rights movement faced relatively muted public perception and support, often overshadowed by other social movements, despite addressing equally pressing issues of injustice and discrimination. While Jackie Robinson is rightly celebrated for breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball, his impact extends far beyond the diamond. His courageous stand against racial segregation made him an iconic figure in the African American civil rights movement. In contrast, despite their remarkable...
Words: 1546 - Pages: 7
...line, once the CCP had taken power its leader became sacrosanct, above all the rest of mankind, not only the object of a cult of veneration but also the acknowledge superior of everyone in the organization. Such of the CCP had been put together by Mao that it could be regarded as his creation, and if he wanted to reform it, that was his privilege. Only if we regard him as a monarch in succession to scores of emperors can we imagine why the leadership of the CPP, trained to be loyal, went along with his piecemeal assault on and destruction of them. Mao also seems to have had in mind the idea that student youth could be mobilized to attack the evils in the establishment and purge China revisionism. It would be a form to manipulate mass movement, which his experience told him, was the engine of social change. (387) The Cultural Revolution, like the Hundred Flowers Campaign and the Great Leap Forward, turned out to be something he had not envisioned. Allowing for many variations, the purge rate among party officials was somewhere around 60 percent. It has been estimated that 400,000 people died as a result of maltreatment. (387) How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded From late 1965 to the summer of 1966, tensions rose between Mao’s group and the CCP establishment. To his support from the repoliticized PLA under Lin Biao Mao added, thorugh his wife Jiang Qing, a group of radical Shanghai intellectuals who later would form his Central Cultural Revolution Group. (389) In...
Words: 2784 - Pages: 12
...The use of synthetic pesticides drew her attention, as it caused serious problems to the environment. It was through her book named “Silent Spring” (1962),that led to a massive environmental movement in the USA. With the environmental movement into effect, Sustainability Revolution began during the early 1970’s and became full fledged by 1990’s. It started worldwide to bring promising change in all societies. Efforts have to be made both from the government side as well as from the individuals as a part of the society in order to protect our ecology so that our future generations do not get deprived from the resources. The Indian government announced for “Clean India Campaign” or “Swacch Bharat Abhiyan”. The abhiyan started with the declaration that not only the government is responsible for the cleaning of the nation, but every citizen should make an effort to make it a successful one. However, it is not in our habit to keep our environment clean and...
Words: 962 - Pages: 4
...time periods, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975), Stand and Deliver (1988), and Our Family Wedding (2010), I have found that representation of race in film has largely remained the same, while the acknowledgement of existing stereotypes has become more obvious. The 1960’s-1970’s was a time characterized by Irish Mob Wars (Durney 2000), Hollywood conservative backlash films, and the ongoing misrepresentation of American Indians in film (Larson 2006). One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a movie is about a criminal who pretends to be crazy so that he can serve his sentence in the relatively comfortable confines of an insane asylum rather than a prison. We see the results of the historical events represented in characters from this movie such as Randle Patrick McMurphy, Mr. Turkle, the ward’s guards, and Chief Bromden. The Irish have been infamous for their mafia and organized crime, especially in the Cleveland area. Perhaps their most publicly recognized contribution to the media’s fascination with violence is the Mob Wars of the mid-1970’s (Durney 2000). These huge displays of violence prepped the audience of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest to easily accept the character of McMurphy, an Irish American good-for-nothing who has been convicted of gambling and battery, as well as charged with statutory rape (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest 1975). With coverage of violent crimes being committed by Irish mobs in the news, this character is logically personified...
Words: 2080 - Pages: 9
...agency, royalties, management and business services); (b) Income; and (c) Transfers (grants, gifts, remittances, ets.) which do not have any quid pro quo. 4.3. Under the Capital Account, capital inflows can be classified by instrument (debt or equity) and maturity (short or longterm). The main components of the capital account include foreign investment, loans and banking capital. Foreign investment, comprising Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Portfolio Investment consisting of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) investment, American Depository Receipts/Global Depository Receipts (ADRs/GDRs) represents non-debt liabilities, while loans (external assistance, external commercial borrowings and trade credit) and banking capital, including non-resident Indian (NRI) deposits are debt liabilities. 4.4. The data on merchandise trade are available from two sources namely; (a) from the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S) on customs basis; and (b) from RBI...
Words: 2037 - Pages: 9
...Santana 1 Chicano Civil Rights Movement The Chicano Civil Rights Movement also called El Movimento in Spanish it went on from the 40’s through the 70’s. The 60’s is when they really made a stand. The movement was when Chicano’s took a stand for themselves. They stood for not only Chicanos but raises to follow. They saw what the Chicanos did and wanted to do that for their own race. The main reason for the movement was plain and clear, equality. The movement consisted of land grants, farm workers, enhanced education, to voting and political rights(Jose). They were not being treated fairly and eventually got tired of it and that’s when enough was enough and the movement started. There were four pillars to the Chicano movement. The first was land grant of New Mexico from 1966 through 1967. This was where Reis Lopez Tijerina was fighting to convince the government to honor the Treaty of Hidalgo. So Tijerina went to the court house with his followers they went there to free prisoners that were imprisoned for standing up in what they believed in which was the land grant. In doing so a gun battle broke out come to find out that the prisoners weren’t even there and neither was the district attorney, who they were going for initially. Their land had been taken away and given to farmers, ranchers, and other...
Words: 1249 - Pages: 5
...ANALYSIS” How did consumers make buying decisions prior to the introduction of the Swatch? What kinds of watches were popular among customers, and what was their brand positioning? The market was dominated by Timex, Hattori-Seiki, Citizen and Swiss manufacturers before the introduction of Swatch. Each brand had their unique brand positioning in the market because of the different product attributes and value proposition offered and thus were popular among different category of customers. Watches above 350$ SWISS COMPANIES Watches between 50$ - 350$ HATTORI - SEIKO Watches below 50$ TIMEX Market positioning of various watch brands – Early 1980s SWISS WATCHES Prior to 1950s the meticulously crafted Swiss watches with mechanical movement dominated the market. The main value proposition offered to the customers was quality. The watches were high end and attracted rich affluent customers. Swiss watches were considered as financial investments. These were passed from one generation to another in a family and thus created an emotional bond among customers. The target market was global. They accounted for 80% of the global watch production and 99% of all U.S. imports. The competition was primarily among the Swiss manufacturers themselves with no major foreign competitor. Swiss watches enjoyed high positioning because of the various products attributes offered by them. Swiss had century’s long tradition of watch-making and they pioneered the art. Quality was a major point of...
Words: 1636 - Pages: 7
...Presidential and Congressional approaches to Reconstruction. 3. The student will be able to explain how the blunders of President Andrew Johnson and the South led to radical congressional reconstruction. Politics in the Gilded Age (1869-1889) 4. The student will be able to describe the political corruptions of the Grant Administration. 5. The student will be able to analyze the disputed Hayes-Tilden election of 1876 and indicate how the Compromise of 1877 averted possible bloodshed. 6. The student will be able to explain why the politics of the Gilded Age was generally so low. The Westward Movement (1865-1890) 7. The student will be able to describe the final phase of frontier settlement in the “Great West”. 8. The student will be able to discuss the final removal of the Indians to the West. Industry Comes of Age (1865-1900) 9. The student will be able to describe how the economy came to be dominated by giant “trusts,” headed by Carnegie and Rockefeller. 10. The student will be able to analyze the social changes brought by industrialization, especially upon the working men and women?. 11. The student will be able to describe the early efforts of labor to organize. The Result of the Debtor (1889-1900) 12. The student will be able to explain how farmer and labor discontentment with Republican polices led to Cleveland’s victory in 1884. 13. The student...
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
