...Summary of The Auditor The Auditor by James K. Loebbecke tells a story about the life and career of an auditor named Jack Butler. The book shows Jack’s career from his education all the way to his promotion to partner. Loebbecke designed this story about Jack as a teaching tool to give students an understanding about the life of an auditor. The story begins with Jack’s promotion to partner and how it was bittersweet for him. Jack is excited for the promotion, but is also nervous about the extra responsibility partners have and the stress it can bring on family life. He is also upset because his friend Don was considered for the promotion too, but was turned down. In these chapters, Loebbecke shows the good and the bad that comes with partnership. There are financial rewards and prestige, but also potential strain on friendships and family. For the rest of the book, the author unfolds the events that take Jack closer to his partnership with The Firm. After Jacks promotion, the story goes back in time and shows all the events that led to the promotion. It begins with Jack’s education and then to recruitment at The Firm. During Jack’s college years he gets advice from his father and Wally Garner, a faculty member. At that time Jack takes an interest in accounting and Wally takes Jack underneath his wing and gives Jack advice in planning a career in accounting. Wally gives Jack great advice on the differences between MBA versus MPrA and the differences between the...
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...The Auditor, an instructional novella written by James K. Loebbecke, tells the story of Jack Butler, a man from the San Francisco Bay area, who goes to college, majors in accounting, and goes to work for a large accounting firm referred to as “The Firm.” The story is loosely based upon the real world experiences of the author, and is written to give students a look into the world of public accounting that goes beyond a textbook. The Auditor not only gives students a chance to follow Jack Butler’s journey up the company ladder at The Firm, but also reiterates the relative importance of conventional lessons learned in school. The story begins with a nerve filled morning for Jack Butler. He is one of three managers who are being considered for partnership, and today is “the big day.” The fact that Jack, an experienced auditor at this time, is filled with anxiety on this day shows how special it is to be considered as a candidate for partnership in a firm. It also depicts the level of competition a student can expect to experience at a firm in the future. In the story, Jack states that the other two managers up for the partnership are very close friends, and he worries that their relationships might be affected if he gets the position. Jack receives the promotion, along with one of the other two managers, Barbara Gillespsie. Jack is excited for the promotion, but quickly realizes the additional responsibility that comes with being a partner in the firm. This first experience for...
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...Complete overview of an Audit Executive summary A financial audit refers to the verification of the financial statements of a company by an audit firm in order to express a professional opinion regarding their credibility. This process begins when a client approaches the auditor if deemed reputable the auditor accepts he begins by planning how to carry out the audit. This is done by assessing several factors such as risk, materiality etc. and then obtaining feedback in order to draw up the audit plan. At this point an audit team is assembled based on the audit strategy who visit the clients premise to carry out the procedures agreed upon in the planning stage through practical work or field work. Once enough evidence is accumulated to support the auditor’s opinion a draft audit report is drawn up. The client is contacted after this and feedback is obtained to make final necessary adjustments. Once finished the final audit report is issued which expresses the auditors professional opinion and recommendations, depending on the issues at hand a follow-up review may be carried out afterwards to see clients progress in adopting the suggested changes thus concluding the audit process. Table of Contents Particulars | Page # | Introduction | 3 | Stage 1: Planning | 3 | Step 1: Notification/Engagement Letter | 4 | Step 2: Audit Strategy | 4 | Step 3: Initial Meeting | 4 | Step 4: Planning Analytical Procedures | 5 | Step 5: Risk, Materiality and Control assessment...
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...Module 6 – Ethical Dilemma MarlaJean Moreno ACT 450 – Principles of Auditing Colorado State University – Global Campus Professor: Brian Weaver May 15, 2016 Auditing Ethical Dilemma The primary purpose of the audit exercises conducted by all corporate entities is to assure the related stakeholders of the financial statements and other disclosures made by the entity of presenting a true and fair view of the undertakings of the corporation. Keeping that in mind, the auditor bears a fiduciary relationship with the various users of the financial statements issued by any company. The auditors in charge of providing assurance are under a delicate relationship of trust endowed upon them by related stakeholders to the entity under auditory concern. The various stakeholders of the company define the users of the financial statements disclosed by a commercial enterprise. Employees within the organization depend on the financial depiction presented by the company in order to ascertain their relative benefit and possibility of continuing gainful employment. Beyond the actual premises of the business, the information disclosed by the entity allows people who may have interaction with the company to make educated estimates regarding the business operations and activities. These include people who are in business transactions with any organization under concern. Suppliers and other corporate entities working in unison to allow a commercial enterprise to be able to deliver on its business...
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...Table of Content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 3 ENTITY AND ITS OPERATING ENVIRONMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 4 MATERIALITY LEVEL FOR AUDIT PURPOSE 4 1.NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX 5 2. TOTAL ASSETS 5 3.TOTAL REVENUE 5 4.TOTAL EQUITY 6 AUDIT RISK 6 A. ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) 8 B. INVESTMENTS 8 C. CUT OFF PROCEDURES 8 COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA’S INTERNAL CONTROL STRUCTURE 9 1. THE CONTROL ENVIRONMENT 10 2. RISK ASSESSMENT 10 3. CONTROL ACTIVITIES 10 4. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 10 PRELIMINARY AUDIT STRATEGIES FOR SIGNIFICANT ASSERTIONS 11 1. EXISTENCE AND OCCURRENCE 11 2. COMPLETENESS 12 3. CUT OFF 12 4. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATION 12 5. VALUATION AND ALLOCATION 12 REFERENCES 14 Executive Summary The aim of this report is to develop an audit plan using the 2008 annual reports of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. This report will provide an understanding of the underlying concepts of an overall audit strategy, which will be used for the verification of Commonwealth Bank operations. This strategy will bring forward the direction and scope of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia’s audit plan. This report will address five major points these are as follows: • Understanding the entity and its environment • Making preliminary judgements about materiality levels • Considering the audit risk • Understanding Commonwealth Bank of Australia’s internal control structure • Developing preliminary audit strategies for significant...
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...Economics and Business Msc. Accountancy and Control Assurance Assurance: Essay Assignment Assigned article: Geiger, M.A., & Rama, D.V. (2006). Audit Firm Size and Going-Concern Reporting Accuracy. Accounting Horizons, 20(1), 1-17. Additional articles: Carcello, J.V. & Neal, T.L. (2000). Audit Committee Composition and Auditor Reporting. The Accounting Review, 75(4), 453-467. Geiger, M.A. & Raghunandan, K. (2002). Auditor Tenure and Audit Reporting Failures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(1), 67-78. Name: Karlijn Dirks Student number: 10674837 Tutorial Group: 2 fulltime Lecturer: drs. Francesco Campisi RA Date: 10 February 2016 Paper: 8 * Summary The papers that will be discussed in this essay all revolve around auditor reporting. Especially about issuing going-concern modified reports in relationship with different variables. The variable discussed in the first paper is audit firm size. For the second paper auditor tenure is the variable and for the final paper audit committee composition is the variable that will be looked at. The rest of this section will provide summaries of the three articles. Paper 1. Geiger & Rama (2006) investigate whether audit firm size affects the accuracy of going-concern reporting. They look at two different type of errors, type I errors occur when a going-concern modified report is issued but the client does not go bankrupt. A type II error occurs when a client does go bankrupt...
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...Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3 Literature Reviews……………………………………………………………………………5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..16 References…………………………………………………………………………………...18 Abstract This paper describes financial statement fraud (FSF) and how it may occur within companies. The reason of this study was to research FSF detection and prevention. Research was also done to determine any influences that SAS (Statement on Auditing Standards) No. 82 and SAS No. 99 had on audit programs and the analysis from external auditors. Thirteen scholarly journals were reviewed in order to analyze SAS No. 82 and No. 99 and to show ways to detect and prevent fraud. Results found that managers and/or auditors can create fraud intentionally and unintentionally. There are ways to prevent fraud and educating managers and/or auditors is a good way to make sure fraud does not occur. Introduction Financial statement fraud (FSF) involves the premeditated issuing of phony information on a financial statement (financial statement fraud, 2011). FSF occurs when a company exaggerates assets or revenue, or when it devalues liabilities and expenses (financial statement fraud, 2011). The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or AICPA defines fraudulent financial reporting as “intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements to deceive financial statement users” (Lendez & Korevec...
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...ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI JANUARY – APRIL 2012 Contents SUMMARY OF TERMS 3 ABSTRACT 4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 a. Introduction 6 b. The Need for an Audit 7 c. Risk of fraud 8 d. The Auditor-Investor ''Expectation Gap'' 9 e. Auditing Profession and Challenges 9 f. Public opinion 10 g. Family or Personal Relationship 10 h. Integrity 11 i. Inherent limitations of an audit. 11 j. Responsibility of Auditors to Third Parties – Case Law 12 k. International, Assurance Auditing, Standards Board (IAASB) 14 CORPORATE FRAUD CASES 16 CASE STUDY: 21 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………………………24 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………..….25 SUMMARY OF TERMS ISA: International standards of Audit KPC: Kenya Pipeline Company IAASB: International Assurance Audit Board IFAC: International Federation of Accounting USD: United States Dollar KCB: Kenya Commercial Bank BCCI: Bank of Credit International SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission ABSTRACT The way in which auditors perform their duties and the auditing profession in general raises questions and puts the auditors on the spotlight from clients who rely on their reports. Questions on whether the public trust the way auditors perform their secondary duty of detecting errors and frauds, the reliability, completeness and accuracy of their auditing reports have been raised. The research focuses on; Management and auditors’ responsibility for its prevention and detection of fraud, the auditor’s...
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...Auditor Independence and Non-Audit Services: A Literature Review Vivien Beattie University of Stirling and Stella Fearnley University of Portsmouth TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of tables and list of figures About the authors v vi List of abbreviations vii Executive summary ix Part 1 Auditor independence 1 Introduction 1 1.1 1 1.2 The ‘problem’ of non-audit services (NAS) 1 1.3 The current UK regulatory and professional environment 2 1.4 Motivation for this study 3 1.5 2 The role of audit in regulating capital markets Structure of report 3 Auditor independence 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Definitions of auditor independence 4 2.3 Economic models of auditor independence not including NAS 5 2.4 Models of auditor pricing and independence in the presence of NAS 5 2.5 2.6 Economic power models of auditor independence Moral psychology, ethical reasoning and independence 8 8 2.7 Broader based studies into auditor decision making 9 2.8 Summary and comments 11 Part 2 Current regulatory frameworks 3 Auditor independence and NAS: analysis of current regulatory frameworks 3.1 Introduction 13 13 3.2 Regulation of auditor independence 13 3.3 Independence in professional and legal regulatory frameworks 13 3.4 3.5 Independence and NAS Overall economic dependence 19 22 3.6 Small companies 22 ...
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...Phoenix ACC545/Financial Accounting Professor Michael DeMarco September 26, 2010 Introduction In order to conduct a substantial audit of Apollo Shoes the auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and the entity’s environment, including the internal control. The understanding of the entity and its environment helps the auditor in a variety of ways throughout the audit, including establishing materiality, considering appropriateness, and designing audit procedures that can facilitate the growth of Apollo Shoes. Before the auditor can begin the process of conducting the audit of the inventory and warehousing cash cycles, the auditor must prepare the audit plan and program for Apollo Shoes. Developing the audit strategy and plan aids the auditor in determining the necessary resources to perform the engagement. The auditor must develop a plan in mind that will reduce audit risk to an acceptable level for the inventory and warehousing cash cycle. The audit plan should include a description of nature, timing, and extent of the planned risk assessment procedures. The audit plan and program significantly affects the types and extent of further audit procedures to be used by the auditor in determining whether the financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with the US GAAP. The auditor should consider audit risk in relation to the individual account balances, classes of transactions, and disclosures and relevant assertions of the overall level of the...
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... I am deeply grateful to him, that he constructs this course to render exposure of Auditing as well as the basic functioning of such. The course builds on the capacity developed in the principle of accounting practice basic concepts and apply them in real case situations. This will help me a lot, in accounting and auditing discipline and auditors decision making process in the real world. I am sincerely thanked to him, that he gives us this case as an assignment, which will help us in future. Because of, this case is based on the practical experience from ‘real world’ situation that is applicable to all business organization. It is making us familiar with real experience. We now know what kind of fraud is taking place in organization, how we can prevent them, how we improve breakdowns, what kind of process should an auditor follows to discover fraud, all of this will help us further carrier as an auditor Dhaka April 2011. Neaz Executive Summary An audit is an examination of a company’s financial statements prepared by the directors of the company. Its purpose is to give the company’s owners an independent, professional and informed opinion stating. Assurance services are a class of services provided by certified public accountants (CPAs) in public practice. While the term is sometimes...
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...Introduction Quality Audit and Its Importance Audit Team and Their Roles Audit Procedure Entry and Exit Meetings Reporting Audit Standards Summary References 3 4-5 5-7 8-11 11-13 13-14 14-15 15 15 Page 2 of 15 Name : Sonia Rana Introduction: This paper details the importance of the Quality audit, why audit are conducted and what is the purpose of auditing. It explains the process followed to organise, complete and report the audit. Also roles of the various audit team members including external experts/technical specialists are discussed. A brief overview of the audit process, what process and techniques are used during audit process. It also includes the importance of the entry and exit meetings, why these meetings are required and what is discussed in these meetings. This paper explores about the legislations, codes of practices and quality standards that applies to a Quality auditing. Also identifies what reports needs to be made as a result of audit findings, also discusses the formats of the reports and to whom these reports should be presented. A brief conclusion is presented in the last section summarising the findings and discussions. Quality Audits and Its Importance: Page 3 of 15 Name : Sonia Rana Quality audit is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team. It is an important part of organization's quality management system and is a key element in the ISO quality system standard...
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...Internal Control Evaluation An auditor uses a checklist template when conducting an audit of internal control. The auditor will assess the financial condition and internal procedures. Internal control process must comply with industry standards and regulatory requirements. Corporations must prepare responses to auditors and should have an internal control system in place. “Five components of internal control are considered to be criteria for evaluating a company’s financial reporting controls and the bases for auditor’s assessment of control risk as it relates to financial statements” (T. Louwers, R Ramsay, D Sinanson, J. Strawser, 2007 p. 163) The internal control evaluation has three phases in which an auditor uses to form assess the corporation and form an opinion. Phase 1 Understand and Document the Client’s Internal Control The primary objective of Phase 1 is to become familiar with the work and control environment. The auditor must learn the control environment by setting up interviews with staff. Auditor should ask specific questions about the flow of transactions in the accounting system. The corporation should provide the auditor with the design of the control procedures. To examine the control environment and complete an evaluation, the auditor will contact the Human Resource Department for a copy of the code of employee conduct and performance methods. The organizational chart will help the auditor identify management team and area of responsibility. To measure...
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...Auditing and Assurance Services Table of Contents Meet the Audit Team 3 Partner Summary 5 Introduction 6 Part 1.1 a) Advanced Analytics in Professional Standards 6 Part 1.1 b) Academic Research on Advanced Analytical 6 Part 1.3 Simple Trend-line Regression 7 Part 2.1 Specific Risk of Material Misstatement 11 Part 2.2 An Appropriate Audit Program 12 Appendix 15 References 16 List of Key Audlish terms 17 Partner Summary In order to better understand the audit reports, we have documented academic research and existing audit standards relevant to planning stage APRs. This background information will provide a summary of professional standards and guidance directly related to APRs. First and foremost, every auditor must follow the standards called the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) which are set by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Important sections within the standards required to know include: Independence, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, and Communications about Control Deficiencies in Financial Statements, which includes nine rules that deal with identifying and reporting deficiencies found in financial statements. In the second part of our report, we prepared basic ARP’s and identified some key red flags for the Chevron Company. To access client viability, we used vertical and horizontal analysis, where we found...
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...formation. The laws and rules governing the securities industry derive from a straightforward concept: all investors, large or small, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it, and so long as they hold it. Therefore the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public. This provides a common pool of knowledge for all investors to judge for themselves whether to buy, sell, or hold a particular security. For more visit: http://www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) The PCAOB is a private, nonprofit corporation created by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, under the oversight of the SEC, to supervise the auditors of public companies. The PCAOB was created to protect investors and the public interest. The PCAOB Board consists of five members, appointed by the SEC All accounting firms that...
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