...2011). In the fields of economics and finance, “fire sale” has been adopted to describe the distressed sales of assets at prices well below their true value. This deviation of asset price is a key amplifier during financial crisis and often acts as a contagion, spreading illiquidity problems to firms in similar industries (Caballero 2009). In the 2008 crisis, large losses for a bank would force this bank to sell assets at distressed prices. This process would force other banks to re-value the same assets at a lower price and would cause them to sell these assets and prices below fundamental value, incurring losses (French 2010). “Compared to non-bank, bank failure contagion [as a result of distressed sales] appears faster; is more likely to spread to a larger proportion of the industry; is likely to lead to a larger percentage of failures, and is more likely to spill over to other sectors”(Kaufman 1994). Fire sales typically occur in a single firm and then the decreased liquidity cascades to other firms in the same industry. In the case of financial institutions, fire sales often spread to other sectors of the economy as well. Fire sales can be thought of as positive feedback loops; financial distress forces firms to sell assets, which causes the prices of these assets to depreciate. This process leads to increased financial distress (Shleifer 2011). In this way, fire sales can depreciate asset prices and decrease economy-wide liquidity to the point of having a significant negative...
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...total fleet investment). * Inventory Financing: Inventory financing through wholesaler and dealer side; 2-sided position by financing creation of vehicle by wholesaler and purchase of vehicle by the dealer who will then sell to public. * Rail Services: Rail cars based out of Chicago; easy business model to make money (leases that are longer in time). Sale Leaseback leasing option (take the fleet that were sold back and get the most revenue can by auctioning; an additional revenue generating service at GE). * CRE: mortgages GECB- GE Capital Bank: * How fund different deals; depends on collateral and the type of transaction (offers alternative services instead of shorter in duration and cheaper assets leasing). * Cash Flow and Asset based loans for funding; other leasing and lending transactions that make the bank diversified from other transactions. * Lose flexibility when funding through the bank; bank will exploit how the financing receivable is cheaper then GECA. EFS- Energy Financing Services: * Private equity shop; debt funding...
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...Assignment : 2013 Strategy Formulation : “Kingfisher Airline” “Strategies adopted by Kingfisher airlines & causes of its Failure” Submitted by : Japkirat Singh Oberai Submitted to : Dr. Supriti Mishra Contents 1) [ ABSTRACT ] 2) [ INTRODUCTION ] 3) [ HISTORY ] 4) [ STARTING OF THE CRISES ] 5) [ DEBT RESTRUCTURING ] 6) [ CRISIS TILL CONTINUE ] 7) [ FUEL DUES ] a. HPCL: In Jul 2011, Hindustan Petroleum 8) [ AIRCRAFT LEASE RENTAL DUES ] 9) [ AAI REPORTS ] 10) [ THE CRISIS CONTINUE ] 11) [ FROZEN BANK ACCOUNTS ] 12) [ IATA SUSPENSION ] 13) [ SWOT ANALYSIS ] b. [ KINGFISHER’S STRENGTHS ] c. [ KINGFISHER’S WEAKNESSES ] d. [ KINGFISHER’S OPPORTUNITIES ] e. [ KINGFISHER’S THREATS ] 14) [ PEST ANALYSIS ] f. [ Political Factors ] g. [ Social Factors ] h. [ Technological Factors ] i. [ Economical Factors ] 15) [ STRATEGIC PARTNERS ] 16) [ Strategy’s of Kingfisher Airlines ] j. [ Functional strategies ] k. KFA’s Promotional Strategies & Marketing Strategies l. [ Financial strategies: ] m. [ Expansion strategy ] n. [ Human Resource Strategies ] 17) [ UNCERTAINTY AHEAD ] Kingfisher Airlines – has a paradoxical situation faced by the airline industry in India which experienced exponential growth in passenger volumes; but with the exception of IndiGo Airlines, all the airlines failed...
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...Ongoing Concern: Risk Management at Pakistan International Airlines1 Ch. Ahmed Mukhtar, Chairman Pakistan International Airline Corporation (PIAC) was reading the final version of the PIAC audited annual report. He immediately called the Managing Director, PIAC to arrange a meeting to discuss the auditor’s report. The particular part of auditors’ opinion that caught his attention was the following: “We draw attention to note 1.2 to the unconsolidated financial statements, which states that the Corporation incurred a loss of Rs. 26,767.207 million during the year ended December 31, 2011, resulting in accumulated loss of Rs. 119,016.727 million as of December 31, 2011, and as of that date, the Corporation’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by Rs. 88,221.403 million. These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast doubt about the Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not qualified in respect of this matter.” The agenda of the meeting was quite clear i.e., how to keep PIA solvent. PIAC Brief History2: In 1946 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah realized the need for an airline network for the forming country and ask for the help of an industrialist Mirza Ahmad Ispahani to develop a flag carrier for the nation. Meanwhile, an airline called “Orient Airways”', registered in Calcutta, was formed on 23 October 1946. In May 1947 the airline was granted a license to fly. This was the first post-war airline flight...
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...research in accounTing and finance V O L U M E 3 , i s s U E 1 , 2 0 0 8 Old Wine in New Bottles: Subprime Mortgage Crisis – Causes and Consequences Michael Mah-Hui Lim Information Lost: A Descriptive Analysis of IFRS Firms’ 20-F Reconciliations Marlene Plumlee and R. David Plumlee Negative Goodwill: Issues of Financial Reporting and Analysis Under Current and Proposed Guidelines Eugene E. Comiskey and Charles W. Mulford Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1263280 JARAF The Journal of applied research in accounTing and finance Publication Information JARAF - The Journal of Applied Research in Accounting and Finance is a scholarly peerreviewed journal jointly published by The Centre for Managerial Finance at Macquarie Graduate School of Management and the Faculty of Economics and Business at The University of Sydney. All journal articles published in JARAF are subjected to double-blind peer-reviews by qualified international experts. Months of Distribution: July – December Current Edition: Volume 3, Issue 1 (2008) ISSN 1834-2582 (Print) ISSN 1834-2590 (Online) Editors Tyrone M. Carlin Professor of Financial Reporting & Regulation Faculty of Economics and Business The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Nigel Finch Director, Centre for Managerial Finance Macquarie Graduate School of Management Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia Editorial Advisory Board Edward I. Altman Max L. Heine Professor of Finance Stern School of Business...
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...SOUTH AFRICA ON THE FACE OF THE GLOBAL RECESSION South Africa was not spared by the global recession that gripped the global markets in 2009. The global economy remained firmly in the grips of a recession in the first quarter of 2009, South African markets correspondingly quaked as activity continued to decline at broadly the same pace that had been registered in the previous quarter. Driven by further sharp contractions in real output of the advanced economies in the wake of the financial crisis, the decline in production and international trade volumes reverberated in all parts of the world (Quarterly Bulletin, No.252). Accordingly, emerging-market economies also recorded significantly slower and even negative rates of growth, with declining export demand and lustreless prices of most export commodities acting as powerful brakes on the growth momentum in Africa and elsewhere in the developing world. 407 The South African Quarterly Bulletin, No.252 further noted that under these circumstances inflationary pressures dissipated in most parts of the world. At the same time, numerous countries continued with their efforts to support aggregate demand by means of unparalleled infusions of fiscal and monetary stimulation. Up to the first quarter of 2009 this did not seem to have had the desired effect. Most recently, however, there have been some improvements in a limited subset of indicators, suggesting that the pace of decline in global demand may be decelerating....
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...Panchasara Marwadi Education Foundation’ s Group of Institutions, RajKot, bhavikpanchasara@gmail.com ABSTRACT Indian Aviation Industry is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. But nowadays it is in the news due to different reason. And that is the failure of one of the leading aviation player - Kingfisher Airlines. The airline has been facing financial issues for many years. Till December 2011; Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in India's domestic air travel market. However due to the severe financial crisis faced by the airline, it has the fifth largest market share currently. Even the company have no funds to pay the salaries to the employees and is facing several other issues like fuel dues; aircraft lease rental dues, service tax dues and bank arrears. This case outlines the financial turmoil of the Kingfisher in detail. Keywords: Aviation industry, Kingfisher Airlines, financial turmoil, financial issues, crisis and debt restructuring I NTRODUCTI ON: Kingfisher Airlines is an airline group based in India. Its head office is The Qube in Andheri (East), Mumbai; and Registered Office in UB City, Bangalore. Kingfisher Airlines was established in 2003. It is owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group. Kingfisher Airlines, through its parent company United Breweries Group, has a 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red. The airline started commercial operations in 9 May 2005 with a fleet of four new Airbus A320-200s operating a flight...
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...activities Since September 2008, AIG has made substantial progress protecting and enhancing the value of its key businesses, restoring AIG’s financial strength, bolstering corporate governance, instilling a performance management culture, reducing risk, and repaying U.S. taxpayers. Risk Reduction AIG has been executing a clear, methodical, and orderly wind-down of AIG Financial Products Corp. (AIGFP), which is the business that wrote the credit default swaps that were a significant source of AIG’s liquidity issues in 2008. AIGFP reduced the notional amount of its derivative portfolio by 46 percent from $940.7 billion at December 31, 2009, to $505.8 billion at September 30, 2010. AIG has also reduced its exposure to its Securities Lending program, as described below. Securities Lending Solution: Maiden Lane II Multi-Sector Credit Default Swap Solution: Maiden Lane III Chronology of September 2008 liquidity crisis On September 16, 2008, AIG suffered a liquidity crisis following the downgrade of its credit rating. Industry practice permits firms with the highest credit...
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...SUBPRIME CREDIT CRISIS AND CONTAGION IN FINANCIAL MARKETS Francis A. Longstaff∗ Abstract. We conduct an empirical investigation into the pricing of subprime assetbacked CDOs and the resulting contagion effects on other markets. Using data for the ABX indexes of subprime CDO prices, we find strong evidence of contagion effects. In particular, we find that contagion effects spread first from lower-rated ABX indexes to higher-rated ABX indexes, and then from the subprime markets to the Treasury bond and stock markets. ABX index returns forecast stock and Treasury bond returns as much as three weeks ahead during the crisis. Furthermore, ABX index shocks are significantly related to contractions in the size of the short-term credit markets and increases in the trading activity of financial stocks over the next several weeks. These results provide support for the hypothesis that financial contagion was spread through liquidity and risk-premium channels. Current version: August 2008. UCLA Anderson School and NBER. I am very grateful for helpful discussions with Joshua Anderson, Vineer Bhansali, Bruce Carlin, Richard Clarida, Rajna Gibson, Rob- ert Gingrich, Hanno Lustig, Alfred Murata, Steve Schulist, and Jiang Wang, and for the comments of seminar participants at New York University, Pimco, and UCLA. All errors are my responsibility. ∗ 1. INTRODUCTION During the past year, financial markets have suffered catastrophic losses from the ongoing credit crisis. This crisis was initially...
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... | |13022384G |Kevin Lo | |13051317G |Esther Wong | |12037974G |Simon Leung | CONTENT 1. Executive Summary P. 4 2. Introduction P. 5 3. SWOT Analysis 3.1 Strength P. 7 3.2 Weakness P.8 3.3 Opportunity P.10 3.4 Threat P.11 4. Performance Overall 4.1 Turnover Growth P.12 4.2 Profit Before Taxation P.12 4.3 Net Profit P.12 4.4 Cash P.12 4.5 Earning Per Share(EPS) P.13 5. Liquidity Ratios 5.1 Current Ratio P.13 5.2 Quick (Acid Test) Ratio P.13 5.3 Working Capital P.13 6. Profitability Ratios 6.1 Return on Equity (ROE) P.14 6.2 Return on Assets (ROA) P.14 6.3 Operating margin P.14 6.4 Fixed Asset Turnover P.15 7. Financing Ratios 7.1 Debt/Assets ratio P.15 7.2 Debt-to-Equity Ratio P.15 7.3 Cash Flow Leverage P.16 7.4 Price Earning (P-E) ratio P.16 7.5 Depreciation to Net Fixed Assets Ratio P.16 7.6 Labor Cost Ratio P.16 7.7 Sales per employee ratio P.17 8. Accounting-Related Ethical Issues P.17 9. Business Decision Making Analysis ...
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...The Euro Crisis According to Wikipedia (2012), the Euro Zone is comprised of 17 members that have accepted the euro as their only method of payment for goods and services. Monetary policy and management of inflation levels is governed by the ECB (European Central Bank) which consists of a president and board originating from central banks within the area. Since the late 2000's the Euro zone has experienced financial troubles mainly resulting from the varying degrees of difference between fiscal and monetary policy within each country. The majority of the debt can be attributed to the increase in both public and government debt around the globe as well as the arising debt within the euro zone. Some countries were noted for their involvement in the property crisis while other countries including Greece developed most of their financial obligations from increased public sector wages and pension contributions at an unsustainable level. As the desire for higher yielding investments expanded, many investors sought global markets as those offered by the U.S. Treasury. Norbert Walter (2012) argues that different growth rates, employment levels and unit labor costs have attributed to the euro crisis leading to heightened risk premiums and increased capital flights to those with lower risk assessments. Trade imbalances resulted from rising labor costs within several countries as well as accumulation of trade surpluses between those with the same currency that prevented appreciation...
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...Subprime Mortgage Crisis 1. What is Subprime Mortgage? A type of mortgage that is normally made out to borrowers with lower credit ratings. As a result of the borrower's lowered credit rating, a conventional mortgage is not offered because the lender views the borrower as having a larger-than-average risk of defaulting on the loan. Lending institutions often charge interest on subprime mortgages at a rate that is higher than a conventional mortgage in order to compensate themselves for carrying more risk. There are several different kinds of subprime mortgage structures available. The most common is the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM), which initially charges a fixed interest rate, and then converts to a floating rate based on an index such as LIBOR, plus a margin. The better known types of ARMs include3/27 and2/28 ARMs. ARMs are somewhat misleading to subprime borrowers in that the borrowers initially pay a lower interest rate. When their mortgages reset to the higher, variable rate, mortgage payments increase significantly. This is one of the factors that lead to the sharp increase in the number of subprime mortgage foreclosures in August of 2006, and the subprime mortgage meltdown that ensued. Many lenders were more liberal in granting these loans from 2004 to 2006 as a result of lower interest rates and high capital liquidity. Lenders sought additional profits through these higher risk loans, and they charged interest rates above prime in order to compensate...
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...A REPORT ON THE BRICS COUNTRIES ECONOMIC POLICIES Submitted to Submitted by Prof. Padmakali Banerjee BA ECONOMICS HONS (4th sem) Contents 1. Introduction to BRICs 2. Brazil 3. Russia 4. India 5. China BRICS • In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. • The acronym was coined by Jim O'Neill in a 2001 paper entitled "Building Better Global Economic BRICs" • It is typically rendered as "the BRICs" or "the BRIC countries" or "the BRIC economies" or alternatively as the "Big Four". • It has been replaced by BRICS since the 2010 inclusion of South Africa in the bloc. • In 2010, however, while the four BRIC countries accounted for over a quarter of the world's land area and more than 40% of the world's population. • Projections on the future power of the BRIC economies vary widely. Some sources suggest that they might overtake the G7 economies by 2027. • According to a paper published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the OECD. Current leader Brazil - Dilma Rousseff, President China - Xi Jinping, President India...
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...low-cost airlines? c)The nature of its workforce - will they be able to cope with the changes implemented in Airasia? Some of the staff are former employees of other full-service airlines; some of the old habits/norms are still with them.. etc etc 4. Technology a) Most of the bookings for Airasia is made through the internet.. The technology depends on the effectiveness of overall IT infrastructure. Some potential cutomers could have been lost due to technological problems. But, on the other hand, this internet technology could also be used to Airasia's advanatage because they are able to "virtually" reach potential customers from all parts of the world. b)Technological issues in the payment system. Banks, through their web-based, online banking systems, do influence...
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...School of Management Coursework hand-in sheet Student name(s) | % | | % | Naomi Wai | 20% | Chukwudubem Joseph Onochie | 20% | Nevena Rakovska | 20% | Anish Rai | 20% | Warren Cannon | 20% | | | For group work – individual % contributions need to be stated only where they are not equal. Department (e.g. Management): School of Management | Programme and Year of Study: Accounting and Finance, Y3 | Name of lecturer: Dr. Sarah Park | Unit title and code (eg MN20010): MN30449 | Number of pages in assignment:17Word count: 2845 | Declaration I/we certify that I/we have read and understood the entry in the relevant Student Handbook for the School of Management on Cheating and Plagiarism and that all material in this assignment is my/our own work, except where I/we have indicated with appropriate references. I/we agree that, in line with Regulation 15.3(e), if requested I/we will submit an electronic copy of this work for submission to a Plagiarism Detection Service for quality assurance purposes. I/we also confirm that the percentage allocation of work is as shown above. Student Signature(s) | | | | | | | If assessment is group based, all members of the group must sign this form When to hand in You should aim to hand your work in before the deadline given by your lecturer/ tutor. The University guidelines on penalties...
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