...I wake up to the sound of my ever annoying alarm clock. I lazily reached for it and pressed the snooze button. With a still tired brain, I stared at the wall for about 5 minutes like I always did until finally, I decided to grab my phone from the desk beside me and looked at the screen. My eyes were fixed on the date today - December 10, 2024. If I remember correctly, today is the birthday of my friend from high school, Wil Fonbuena. I've heard she is now a successful singer in Broadway.They say that not a single seat is empty every time she performs. I sent her a message saying happy birthday and that I missed her so much. It has been 10 years since I graduated from high school. Undoubtedly, a lot has changed since then. As for me, I am now a prestigious surgeon in the field of cardiology situated here in New York. It was difficult at first but I eventually got the hang of it. Still lying on the bed, I heard my stomach growl. I finally stand up and head for the kitchen. My house, talking about structure, is personally designed by the famous architect, Michaella Rojas. The interior however is designed by Myriel Castro. A renowned interior designer known for creating interesting innovations. I arrive at the kitchen and start to wonder what I will be making myself for breakfast. I look to left and see my favorite cookbook on the table. It is a collaboration written by two famous chefs namely: Chef Sherry Gibas and Chef Grace Sampol. Sherry now owns several restaurants all over...
Words: 1237 - Pages: 5
...The self-fulfilling prophecy generally means that how other people view you can have an effect on what you think about yourself. There are several causes of the self-fulfilling prophecy, which leads to two main effects on the British education system. There are many causes accounting for the self-fulfilling prophecy. Teachers’ labeling on students can be one reason for self-fulfilling prophecy. This means that if teachers label students into bright and slow due to their academic performance, students will be treated into different ways. Family background also may cause self-fulfilling prophecy. This is because some teachers seem to take into account things like dress, behavior and ways of speaking. So if students who are come from middle-class family can share same values and norms with teacher, they are more likely be seen as bright. However, if student come from working-class family and their standards of values are different with teachers’, they will be victims of self-fulfilling prophecy. The self-fulfilling prophecy can have bad influence on both academic development and mental health. Such labels and bias can affect student’s view about themselves.so the may act in accordance with the label and bias attached. For those who are viewed as high achievement, teacher will pay more attention to them in class and believe them can success in future and so these students can become more confident and work hard to keep up high expectations, so it is easy for the to achieve academic...
Words: 337 - Pages: 2
...The self-fufilling prophecy A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true by virtue of it having been made. Interactionists argue that labelling can affect pupils’ achievement by creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. The teacher labels a pupil (e.g as being very intelligent) and on the basis of this label, makes predictions about him (e.g. he will make outstanding economic academic progress). The teacher treats the pupil accordingly, acting as if the prediction is already true (e.g. by giving him more attention and expecting a higher standard of work from him) The pupil internalises the teachers expectation, which becomes part of his self-concept or self-image, so that he now actually becomes the kind of pupil the teacher believed him to be in the first place. He gains confidence, tries harder and is successful. The prediction is fulfilled. The self fulfilling prophecy can also produce under achievement. If teachers have low expectations of certain children and communicate these expectations in their interaction, these children may develop a negative self-concept. They may come to see themselves as failures and give up trying, therefore fulfilling the original prophecy. Streaming and self-fulfilling prophecy Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called ‘streams’. Each ability group is then taught separately from the others for all subjects. Studies show that the self-fulfilling prophecy is particularly likely to occur when...
Words: 601 - Pages: 3
...processes within the school are the main cause of differences in the educational achievement of different social classes: There are many internal factors which affect the educational achievement of children within a school. Internal factor are factors inside the education system which explain class differences in achievement, such as poor teaching, type of school and how students are treated. Labelling plays an important role in different achievement between classes. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to someone, these could be positive or negative. As it says in Item A positive or negative labelling of pupils by teachers can have important effects on performance. Studies have shown that teachers often attach labels regardless of the pupil’s actual ability or attitude. Instead, they labelled the pupils on the basis of stereotyped assumptions about their class background, labelling working- class children negatively and middle- class children positively. A self- fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by the virtue of having being made. Interactionists argue that labelling can affect pupils’ achievement by creating a self- fulfilling prophecy. For example a teacher labels a pupil and on the basic of this label makes predictions about him. The teacher treats the pupil accordingly, acting as if the prediction they made is already true. The pupils then internalises the teacher’s expectation which becomes part of his self- concept or self-...
Words: 1264 - Pages: 6
...pupils and teachers and inequalities between schools. Sociologists can suggest the reasons why these internal factors occur through a child's class, ethnicity and gender; such as the labelling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy, pupils subcultures and institutional racism. Despite judging or stereotyping a person based on their class, ethnicity or gender being widely condemned in our modern society, it is clear from research that it still occurs in schools, however it is not necessarily intentional. The labelling theory suggests that teachers label pupils depending on how well they fit their idea of an 'ideal pupil'. These labels do not often reflect the pupil's actual ability or attitude, but they are based on stereotypical assumptions from a pupil's class background, ethnicity or potentially their gender. Ray Rist's study in 1970 of an American kindergarten showed that a child's home background and appearance determined what groups they were separated into on each table, not the child's ability. 'Ideal pupils' were commonly found to be middle-class children of whom had a clean and neat appearance. These children were seated closest to the teacher being given the most encouragement. The remaining groups labelled 'clowns' and were seated furthest from the teacher. Children in these 'clown' groups were likely to be of working-class and were given lower-level reading books and fewer opportunities to demonstrate their abilities. Pupils from an ethnic minority group such as...
Words: 2325 - Pages: 10
...Topic : The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in Organisational Behaviour 1. The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy was coined by Robert Merton in 1948, describing it as how (1) an expectation may evoke a behaviour of an individual therefore increasing the chances of it becoming true. Merton concluded that (2) a belief eventually leads to a result as it influences the individual to change their behaviours to match your initial expectations. Example: My coach expects me to do well and he spends more time with me preparing for my competition. I performed well and got a gold medal. 2. Introduction More often that not, the outcomes of events that occur in a person’s life is the product of the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy. In this article, we will address these questions as follow. First, we present the definition of the self-fulfilling prophecies. Second, we will look at the process of the self-fulfilling prophecy and how it is applied in our everyday life. We subsequently identify the effects of the self-fulfilling prophecy. Fourth, we will discuss the relation of self-fulfilling prophecy to stereotypes. Finally, we will conclude by weighing up the pros and cons of the self-fulfilling prophecy and how it can be fully utilised in an organisation. 3. Applications of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies Three steps are involved in the self-fulfilling prophecy process (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 2012). Process begins when Stage (1) ...
Words: 2554 - Pages: 11
...reasons for the class base differences in education achievement. Studies have shown that there is a 45% gap between classes in A* - C GCSE outcomes. It is suggested that the diversity in educational success between different classes are due to inside factors. These are factors within schools and the education system that could cause these differences. One internal factor is labelling. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them, which is done in schools between the different classes – especially by teachers as they usually label working class as negative because of their look, speech code (restricted) and attitude to learning. Becker’s study in 1971 is a prime example of labelling as he studied 60 high school teachers reporting that teachers’ ‘ideal’ pupil most closely fitted the characteristics of the middle class students. Labelling done by teachers can influence a student’s level of confidence and self-esteem, therefore making them feel like they may as well not try and not achieve well in school. However, Fuller’s researcher found that some students fight back against their negative labels and achieve more than expected. The self-fulfilling prophecy is another internal factor that can be linked to social class differences in achievement. A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it being made and some sociologists argue that labelling can affect pupil’s achievement by creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Rosenthal and...
Words: 712 - Pages: 3
...Sakya MBAe IV ‘A’ 1. What is Pygmalion effect or self fulfilling prophecy? Ans: The Pygmalion effect is the phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perform. It also states that high achievement always takes place in the framework of high expectations. The belief of Pygmalion effect will lead people to perform closer to the expectations that they set for themselves. The studies of the Pygmalion effect are difficult to conduct. However, the results show a positive correlation between leader expectation and follower performance, but it is argued that the studies are done in an unnatural, manipulated setting. The paradox of the Pygmalion Effect is that having high expectations of people will produce better results, but it’s also more likely you’ll be disappointed. In business, managers, bosses, and corporate superiors can often influence the work and success of employees by expecting them to either rise or fall. The Pygmalion effect is very similar to the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy. The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes it to become true. The effect has both positive and negative outcomes — a person expected by his or her superiors to succeed will, but the opposite is also usually true. 2. What evidence of self fulfilling prophecies have you : i. Seen lately: I saw an evidence of self fulfilling prophecy in my workplace where a new employee was positively motivated to talk...
Words: 548 - Pages: 3
...that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of school processes such as labelling. Some sociologists would explain the social class differences in educational achievement as being caused by internal factors. These are factors within schools and the education system that could cause these differences. One internal factor is labelling. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them. Studies show that teachers often attach labels to pupils regardless of their ability or attitude, but instead based on stereotyped assumptions about their class background, labelling working-class pupils negatively and middle-class pupils positively. Howard Becker carried out an important study on labelling and found that teachers judged pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ‘ideal pupil’. We can see how the process of labelling can affect pupils by looking at Aaron Cicourel and Johm Kitsuse’s study of educational councillors. The study found that the counsellor judged pupils largely on their social class; this therefore put them at a disadvantage as middle-class students were placed on higher level courses. The self-fulfilling prophecy is another internal factor that can be linked to social class differences in achievement. A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it being made. Some sociologists argue that labelling can effect pupil’s achievement by creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. This can...
Words: 308 - Pages: 2
...however, is a consideration of the political implications contained underneath these morality-based commentaries. In certain passages, for example, the Hebrew Bible seems to undoubtedly prioritize social justice. At the same time, however, one might find encouragement of aid for the needy but an allowance for the preservation of the status quo. Through an analysis of several passages from the Old Testament, one can see that despite a prevalent insistence on respect for religious authority, the Hebrew Bible largely uses its prophecies to argue for a radical transformation of the political power structure. A call for a complete rejection of the status quo is evident as far back as Deuteronomy. In its Chapter 18, for example, Deuteronomy “detestable ways of the nations” in the Hebrew G-d-given land are criticized, while it is said that G-d will drive out those nations” (Deut. 18:9-12). Though somewhat vague in language, such indicates that nations doing...
Words: 1445 - Pages: 6
...interactions that occur within school. Whereas Marxists and Functionalists tend to focus on the structural sides to society, they examine the relationships between the education system and the individual. Interactionists argue that all people are individuals, we are different in shape and size but also in the way that we think and interpret situations. We all have different beliefs and experiences, which in turn affect the meaning that we attach to external stimuli. Within education one of the most important sources of external stimuli is other people. The words and actions of teachers and other pupils are continually being interpreted and given meanings. One theory interactionalists have about education is self-fulfilling prophecy, your self-fulfilling prophecy is the view that you have of yourself. This is not something that we decide by ourselves, but it is created by our interactions with others. This can occur in school by our teachers and other pupils. It is not a fixed concept; it can change if your self-concept is constantly being contradicted. (E.g. if you constantly think you are failing in a particular subject yet you keep getting A grades.) The different interactions can have important effects on a pupil’s self-concept, especially when examining academic ability. This has arguably shaped education as teachers are now pressured to be more aware and more diplomatic in the way in which they speak to pupils. Interactionists also believe that education creates typing and...
Words: 1295 - Pages: 6
...authority and were therefore more likely to be excluded from school. Item A also reinforces this as it states that one possible reason for ethnic differences in educational achievement lies in the school system and that Black Caribbean boys are excluded more than any group. Gillborn calls this the ‘myth of the black challenge’. Teachers had high expectations of Asian students, which could lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy of success. In contrast, the negative labelling could result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure. This can lead to ethnic differences in education achievement. Outside school factors can also provide sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement. Language difference can affect achievement as language was a barrier for kids from Asian and Afro-Caribbean immigrant families when they first arrived in the UK. Labelling theorists would say that language might not be a barrier, but dialects or having an accent might influence teacher expectations and lead to negative labelling, once again causing a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure and differences in educational attainment. Social...
Words: 581 - Pages: 3
...Over the board, middle class students generally do better than working class students in educational achievement. Some sociologists argue that this is due to three key factors. Labelling, subcultures and marketisation. This focuses on things that occur internally. One of these key factors is labelling. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to someone. An example of this would be that teachers often apply labels to students on the basis of their behaviour or appearance. Becker found some evidence behind this after he did some research on high school teachers. He found they would label students according to how closely they fitted the image of the, “ideal pupil.” Pupils work conduct and appearance were the key factors in influencing their judgement. Cicourel and Kitsuse also found some evidence when studying counsellors. They found inconsistencies in the way in which students suitability for courses were assessed. The councellors said they judged students according to their ability. In practise however they judged them on the basis of social class or race. Middle class students were more likely to be placed on higher level courses and seen as suitable college material. Following on from this labelling theory, Rist did some research and found that teachers used a range of methods to place students in separate groups and this had implications in terms of access to knowledge and achievement. Each pupil was streamed into a different group. Streaming is when a...
Words: 1622 - Pages: 7
...Social class is typically known as social grouping or hierarchy based on differences in wealth, income or occupation. In the UK there are mainly two social classes; working class and middle class. 33% of students who are currently on free school meals achieve 5A*-C at GCSE, however 61% of students who are not on free school meals also achieve 5A*-C grades. 90% of the failing school are from deprived areas, and 79% of children from a higher professional family are more likely to go to university, whilst only 15% of children from unskilled and manual backgrounds go to work. Sub cultures are a group of people within society who share the same norms, values, beliefs and attitude that go against the main stream in society. This is usually different from or opposed to the main stream culture, for instance an anti-school subculture is more likely to be formed by pupils in lower streams. This is backed up by “They have examined the way in which labelling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement” (Item A) “These processes include self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures” (Item A) Therefore working class children will underachieve and middle class children will continue to progress. This can disadvantage working class children because of the use of home and school contracts. The education triage for working class are labelled as “hopeless cases” which then produces a selffulfilling prophecy and failure...
Words: 284 - Pages: 2
...Assess the view that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of internal processes such as labelling. Many sociologists would agree school processes such as labelling have an effect on a child’s educational achievement. However there are many other school processes that cause underachievement. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them. For example, teachers may label a student as smart, thick, hardworking or troublemaker. Studies have shown that teachers often attach such labels regardless of the pupil’s actual ability or attitude. Instead they label pupils on the basis of stereotyped assumptions about their class background. Becker carried out an important study of labelling. He carried out interviews with 60 Chicago high school teachers. His findings were that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ‘ideal pupil’. Pupils work, conduct and appearance were key factors influencing teacher’s judgments. Middle class children were seen as the closest to ideal by teachers however lower working class children were seen as furthest away from it because they regarded them as badly behaved. Cicourel and Kitsuse’s study of educational councilors in an American high school shows how such labelling can disadvantage working class students. Cicourel and Kitsuse found inconsistencies in the way the councilors assessed students’ suitability for courses. Although they claimed to judge students according...
Words: 1421 - Pages: 6
