...arrival in the Caribbean, the world was divided into two areas of exploration and colonization, the Portuguese and the Spain, in order to avoid conflict between the two forces. This was known as the Treaty of Tordesillas, where Spain established the policy, marcclausm i.e. sea closed to others. Elizabeth soon implied that Spain caused aggression by restricting the access of foreigners in to the Americas and so the concept of “no peace beyond the line” was introduced. The Spaniards settled in the West Indies, mainly in the countries in the Greater Antilles and had settled in a little of the Lesser Antilles, the Bahamas and the Guianas, and so these areas became a weakness for the Spanish monopoly and this is where it began to be challenged. The Spanish were complemented by the trading system where the Indians slaves were forced to bring their gold and other resources. Eventually, the prospect of profits from gold was lessened, as the commodity soon became exhausted and so they turned to livestock and sugar production. Spain’s wealth increased tremendously in the sixteenth century and so did their attempts to curtail the Europeans from stealing their riches. The introduction of military measures such as establishing forts, bureaucratic centralization and house of trades (e.g. The Casa de Contratacion) were various strategies that Spain employed to regulate trade between Spain and her colonies. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, three distinct phrases that attempted...
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...Clayton Partridge World History to 1750 Professor Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited...
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...chapter 2 “Empires and Colonies” focuses on Europeans nations , like Spain, Portugal and England, who followed Columbus example to embark and conquer the New World. From around 1565 to 1640 centuries colonization and conquest began in United States as well as in other Latin American regions. The two themes that stand out for me were: religion and greed and power. Spain and England became rival nations when their desired of colonization began, mostly for the land in North America. The Spanish Empire started the colonial era by establishing in Florida and New Mexico. England had established their colonies in North America since around 1607. Their fist population was established...
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...In the early 1600s powerful countries like England, France, and Spain were trying to colonize the New World. The English started to colonize many locations along the east coast of America, in present day Virginia and Massachusetts. Two of the most known colonizations were Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, both early settlements of England. Although these colonies had major differences and similarities, they were both successful early settlements of the New World. In the early years of exploration in the New World, Spain seemed to dominate the competition in part to the voyages of Christopher Columbus. This would all change in the early 1600s. With the failed colony of Roanoke in the past, King James I of England was set to colonize...
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...Channel. This event strengthened England’s confidence and marked the beginning of the end of Spain’s imperialism. While previously Spain was a dominant force of colonization and exploration, England finally began to gear up for an even more successful and lasting conquest of the Americas. England’s new sense of confidence, unity, and preparedness set the stage for colonization of what would eventually be the United States. The settlers of Jamestown had a difficult start in the New World. The settlers, mostly noble “gentlemen”, spent their time searching for gold instead of building shelter or looking for food. As a result,...
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...changed the character of both old and new societies. In the fifteenth century, European global expansionism was the driving force that kept the English motivated to expand. Europeans set out on a cycle of overseas voyages that would lead to the organization of European trading posts and colonies in both the Americas and the East. Colonialism is defined as a structure in a colony with a specific linkage; meaning economic, political, cultural, and social ideologies. The colonies linked England to the United States. England, being the mother country, also had a very important role play. The mother country was responsible for providing money for supplies for voyages such as ships, food, soldiers, and weapons etc. Also, England was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of raw materials. Settlers of the colonies needed markets to sell their goods and labor. They also needed a source of labor for the production of raw materials. This new labor force was made up of Native Americans, indentured servants (white slaves who served terms of up to seven years as slaves), and Africans. Columbus and his crew stated that when they arrived in the Americas they found Africans already there. In 1502, the Spanish were the first Europeans to enslave Africans in the Americas. Yet the local population died from European diseases like smallpox and from overwork. Thus in 1502, ten years after Columbus' landing, the Spanish brought the first African slaves to Cuba from West Africa...
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...of Europe to new lands occurred subsequent to the works carried out by Portugal and Spain, which since the fifteenth century had launched expeditions to the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the time difference, the English colonization of North America was very important for the economic development of England and its colonies in the north of the American continent, known as the Thirteen Colonies. The first attempt at occupation of North America by the English happened to Walter Raleigh, who organized three expeditions to the region in the late sixteenth century. Raleigh did not get the expected success with the expeditions, because of the constant attacks of the indigenous people who lived there....
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...were the main causes, elements, and impact of the different approaches to colonies followed by the English, French, and Spanish? By Columbus’s discovery, Spain got a religious justification fro conquest and an army of seasoned soldiers, named conquistadores. Also, rulers in Spain developed efficient techniques for controlling new colonies. The conquistadores left a trail of destruction by attacking native villages and killed or captured the inhabitant since they preferred seeking gold and slaves to creating permanent settlements. In 1519, some Spanish soldiers landed on the coast of Mexico. Three years later, these Spanish soldier conquered Aztec empire. The three factors of Spanish victory were technological advantages, division within the Aztec empire, and disease. Later, some other Spanish soldiers conquered a richer empire, Inca empire. By 1550, Spain’s New World empire, which stretched from the Caribbean through Mexico to Peru, was administered from Spain by the Council of the Indies. The council enacted laws for the empire and supervised an elaborate bureaucracy to maintain political control and extract wealth from the land and its people. Then, two expedition went to north America to find gold and silver but they did not find any gold and silver. So Spain stopped to extend its empire and just maintained two precarious footholds in north of Mexico. By a large number of gold and silver flowing into Spain, it became the richest and most powerful state in Europe. However, these...
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...earth as “dead”, taking as much as possible from it without giving back, and how violence was a direct response to fear. The story that this witch told was viewed as a curse on the pueblos that could not be defied. Oral tradition was a way of preserving history in pueblo tribes and this story was passed down a warning to future generations. The racial diversity of Spain as described by Martha...
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...What does the word ‘colony’ means? It means a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation. The word ‘colony’ is used as a noun. Colonize is a verb form of this word. In the past, Britain colonized Americans from 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. It reached its peak when colonies had been established. During the 18th century, three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America. Those were charter colonies, proprietary colonies, and royal colonies. After Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) ended, British territories in the Americas were slowly granted more responsible government. The Durham Report recommended full responsible government for Canada in 1838,...
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...and colonies. Was this interaction more harmful or beneficial to both Europeans and Native Americans? The cultural interactions between the Europeans and the Native Americans were ultimately destructive for the natives, but overall beneficial for the Europeans. It is clearly stated in many history books that the European diseases brought over to the Americas decimated much of the native population. This dramatic loss of population affected the natives willingness to resist European assimilation, and thus contributed to the loss of many native cultures but a blending of European and native cultures. Furthermore, the natives were often...
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...Joint-stock company- a new form of business organization spread into the commercial world with many investors. when the demand rose so did the profit. this made clear that one only owes another the money they had. this drifted away from traditional strict regulations of the economy for social reciprocity Protestant Reformation- started because of Luther’s revolt, it changed christianity forever and made lutheranism the state religion in Scandinavian countries, and calvinism competed with catholicism and reformed church of england in france and the netherlands, leaving states with nations of germany and switzerland for catholics, lutherans and calvinists Catholic or Counter-Reformation- a response to the protestant reformation. MAry I tried...
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...The New World known today as America is a product of the meeting of two worlds, two different social, political and economic environments. America remained hidden for thousands of years and unknown to European explorers. Its discovery consisted of a clash of cultures, languages, traditions and history. Although they bear a similarity as they were both initially sponsored by monarchs in search of the Northwest Passage, the differences between the Spanish (1492 – 1548) and English (1584-1648) explorations are very clear. During the XV century the first marine expeditions that allowed having a better understanding of the world, were made. The major European explorers that were part of the Spanish and English explorations were Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Nunez Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Ponce De Leon, Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro, Hernando De Soto, Francisco Coronado, and Sir Francis Drake. An important similarity on the explorations was that they were in search of the Northwest Passage , a route that the Far East could be achieved (India) from Europe traveling to the west. Other similarities included are the first voyages were made by Italian explorers and sponsored by monarchs. Christopher Columbus and John Cabot were from Italy. Columbus’ voyages were approved by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile of Spain. John Cabot received approval by Henry VII of England. These are the similarities, but now we will see how clear the differences were. ...
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...Asia, which Europeans called the Indies. When Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean, he was looking for such a route. Instead, he landed in the Americas. Columbus thought he had reached the Indies. In time, Europeans would realize that he had found what they called the ”New World.” European nations soon rushed to claim lands in the Americas for themselves. Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for a few weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuit… swarming with worms…. We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days... and often we ate sawdust from boards.” Why did explorers brave such dangers? In this reading, you will discover some of the reasons for the Age of Exploration. Then you will learn about the voyages of explorers from Portugal, Spain, and other European countries. You will also learn about the impact of their discoveries on Europe and on the lands they explored. 2 © Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Reasons for the Age of Exploration hy...
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...Throughout the American history, there have been diverse peoples who had once taken root or still existing in this country. Among those people, Spanish and English colonization had played important roles in shaping today’s America. In fact, beginning in the 1400s, European countries had been searching for sea routes to reach Asia. In 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, sailed west and believed that he had found China, which was actually Cuba. Although Columbus did not find the passage to Asia successfully, his discovery of America marked as a start of Spanish exploration in America and changed the history of the United States. England, another European country which later colonized America, showed little interest in the exploration...
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