...Jim Crow laws are laws that were conceived by white southerners to systematically impede the civil rights of colored American citizens. These laws were made under the guise of “ separate, but equal.” However the people who created these laws did not have equality in mind. Jim Crow laws led to serious violations of civil rights and dehumanized people of color. Jim Crow laws and inequality are the scourge of American society. For nearly a century, Jim Crow laws were the bane of African American lives. These laws withheld opportunities of education, wealth, and even life itself. In 1875, the Civil Rights Act was passed by the Republican party, the Civil Rights Act castigated segregation by granting the freedom to use any public facilities to every US citizen regardless of race, but in 1883 the law was repealed after the US Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional thus impeaching the rights of colored citizens and condemning them to nearly a century of inhumane treatment. With the Civil Rights Act abrogated southern states now had the power to methodically take away the rights of African Americans....
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...Employment Law Priorities Essential (know it in detail) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Title VII exemptions o RACE, COLOR, NATIONAL ORGIN, RELIGION, SEX o Guarenteed consideration for jobs on the BASIS OF ABILITIES AND TALENTS necessary to perform a job. o Created EEOC to ensure employers, employment agancies, and labor organization comply with Title VII • Bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) o Reasonably necessary to the normal operations • Seniority systems ➢ Permitted if not a result of past discrimination ➢ May not protect LESS SENIOR MINORITIES at expenses of more senior majority • Preemployment inquiries o OK IF JOB RELATED (VALID) o Required for EEOC Reporting • Testing o OK IF JOB RELATED o All selection devices NOT JUST “TEST” • Preferential treatment o Title VII allows, but DOES NOT REQUIRE preferential treatment (a plus factor) o Quotas are ILLEGAL o Reverse discrimination is ILLEGAL • National security o Discrimination is permitted when deemed to protect national security. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), as amended in 1986 • Prohibits discrimination for employees of the age 40 and over unless it’s a BFOQ • Prevents financially troubled companies singling out older employees for cutbacks • Older workers can waive their rights to sue under this law Americans with Disabilities...
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...The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Police Brutality. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 in a very important part of civil rights legislation in America. The Civil Rights Act prohibited discrimination based on religion, race, sex, color or national origin. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 stopped unequal requirements for voter registration and segregation in schools, the workplace and any other facility that provided services to the general public. The enforcement of the act was weak at the beginning, but strengthened over the years. Congress utilized its power to legislate under various parts of the Constitution, namely the duty to guarantee all citizens equal protections (Wright, 2005). The Civil Rights Act was initiated by President John F. Kennedy during...
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...United States of America." — Preamble of the original "organic" Constitution "We hold these truths to be self-evident. That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall se em most likely to effect their safety and happiness." — Excerpted from the Declaration of Independence of the original thirteen united states of America, July 4, 1776 Fourth of July 2002 has come and gone, and Americans honored the holiday with a renewed patriotic fervor that reminded me of the Bicentennial celebrations of 1976. As is customary, traditional fireworks displays took center stage and scores of people turned out to witness the dazzling show in the summer sky. With mixed feelings, I sat with friends on a crowded Pennsylvania sidewalk beneath a glittering, mesmerizing explosion of color, pondering the keen sense of sadness and betrayal that overwhelmed my spirit. Looking around at the huge crowds gathered for the annual events, I...
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...Law Enforcement Effects and Costs Associated with Section 1983 By: Bonny Meador Liberty University – CJUS 530 Abstract The Federal Civil Rights Act – Title 42, United States Code, § 1983 offers the opportunity to vindicate human rights. Section 1983 was enacted after the Civil War to provide citizens with a remedy for unlawful police arrests, detentions, and killings. Today, Section 1983 is the primary civil rights law victims of police misconduct rely upon. The evidence supporting the claim is the most important element in a police misconduct suit. Civil rights claims are an important part of the legal system, providing balance between the duty of law enforcement and the rights of individuals to be free from police misconduct. Monetary costs for education and training can surmount many department budgets, however, losing a lawsuit due to lack of education and training can have far more impact on the department. This paper discusses costs, and effects, training and policy, regarding Section 1983. Keywords: Federal Statutes, United States Code, Color of Law, Immunities, Defenses Under United States Code, Title 42, Ch. 21, Section 1983 “Leaders always have a choice. For those in police executive roles, the choice is clear. We can continue to teach new recruits with traditional lectures and command and control classrooms. We can tell ourselves it worked well for us, so it will work with today’s recruits. This is a safe, short term option. In doing so, we avoid upsetting...
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...Employment Law Compliance Plan Employment Law Compliance Plan This memorandum is in response to the request sent to Allen and woods consultancy company from Bradley Stonefield the founder of Landslide Limousines in Austin, Texas. The company is expected to employ around 25 employees during the first year of service. The memorandum will list different employment laws that apply locally, state wise and on federal level. These laws should be applied when hiring and employing employees in order to prevent any misconduct leading to lawsuits. The memorandum will incorporate the fines and penalties that are applied when violating employment laws. Landslide Limousines must adhere to all federal laws at all time. Equal employment opportunity (EEO) Landslide Limousines must start by identifying the success criteria for each position in the company. The candidates applying to different positions should be selected based on these criteria to avoid discriminating them. No candidate shall be rejected because of a group that he or she belongs to, such as age, race or gender. To summarize, Landslide Limousines, must make sure to avoid the following two forms of discrimination: 1. Unequal (disparate) treatment 2. Adverse impact (unintentional) discrimination The Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1871 These laws were made following the provisions of the thirteenth and fourteenth Amendments. They are summarized as follow: “The Civil Rights Act of 1866 grants all citizens the right to make...
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...your knowledge and skills. Additional study materials are recommended in each area below to help you master the material. Personalized Study Guide Results: Score: 15 / 15 Concepts | Mastery | Questions | Employment at Will | 100% | * 1 * 2 * 15 | Major employment laws | 100% | * 3 * 4 * 5 | Fundamental Features of the U.S. Industrial Relations System (Six Factors) | 100% | * 6 * 7 * 8 | Three General Types of Third-Party Involvement in a Bargaining Impasse | 100% | * 9 * 10 * 11 | Forms of Nonunion Grievance Procedures | 100% | * 12 * 13 * 14 | Concept: Employment at Will Mastery : | 100% | Questions : | * 1 * 2 * 15 | Materials on the concept: * Employment at Will ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form 1. According to _____, an employee may not be fired because he or she refuses to commit an illegal act, such as perjury or price fixing. * A. public policy exception * B. social learning theory * C. retaliatory discharge * D. lifestyle discriminate Bottom of Form Correct : Public policy exception protects the employee from being terminated for not committing illegal acts under the direction of management or other employees. State courts developed this policy as one of three that protect employees from being terminated and claiming employment at will for not doing what management has directed an employee to do when it relates to illegal activity. Materials...
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...HRM 531 Week 1 Quiz Correct answer in a capital letter 1. According to _____, an employee may not be fired because he or she refuses to commit an illegal act, such as perjury or price fixing. A. public policy exception b. social learning theory c. retaliatory discharge d. lifestyle discriminate Public policy exception protects the employee from being terminated for not committing illegal acts under the direction of management or other employees. State courts developed this policy as one of three that protect employees from being terminated and claiming employment at will for not doing what management has directed an employee to do when it relates to illegal activity. 2. A worker being fired for actions ranging from filing a workers’ compensation claim to reporting safety violations to government agencies is called a. unfair dismissal b. red-hot-stove discipline C. retaliatory discharge d. just cause Retaliatory discharge is when an employee can seek damages against an employer for being terminated for outrageous acts. For example, an employee can seek damages for being terminated for filing a workers’ compensation claim when the employer is at fault. This can include safety hazards that the employer refuses to correct for various reasons. Employers can try to retaliate against an employee when the employer is being exposed for unlawful practices or other related occurrences. 3. A bona fide occupational qualification...
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...Civil Rights Movement Marilyn Hemingway History 300 May 08, 2013 Dr. Goldstein African Americans have experienced racial discrimination in virtually every single area of their lives. America has come a long way since the 1800’s when slavery was common, but that road certainly hasn’t been easy or short for Black American. Not long after the Civil War ended, African Americans experienced a form of racial segregation called Jim Crow. The name "Jim Crow" originated from a character in an early nineteenth-century minstrel show song. A white minstrel blackened his face and jigged around while singing. The "Jim Crow" character regularly appeared in minstrel shows touring the South. Eventually, Jim Crow became the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively, in southern and Border States. These laws legalized segregation from the 1860’s through 1967. The most widespread laws mandated racial segregation in schools and public places such as railroads, restaurants, and streetcars. Since segregation laws typically excluded African Americans from services, Jim Crow laws began as an attempt to move forward by providing separate services for blacks. These laws were adopted earliest in most southern towns and municipalities where diverse crowds lived. These communities passed vagrancy laws that controlled the influx of black homeless migrants. Many southern states during the...
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...masked very serious social conflicts that arose across the country (Twain, 1996). Ultimately, with economic growth came wider income gaps and brutal social issues with gender, race and class that divided the country. Throughout the Gilded Age, swift financial growth simultaneously increased the size of the labor force, which in turn increased wages (Roediger, 1991). Given that these wages were higher than in Europe, people immigrated to America en masse, which then increased the overall poverty rates (Roediger, 1991). The Gilded Age also transferred industry from independent craftsman toward railroads, factory manufacturing and mining, which created less skilled and more regimented labor forces. This meant that people were forced to work under poor conditions, which stripped workers of their independence, which was the American way prior to the Industrial Revolution (Twain, 1996). These mass-production methods were created as offshoots of the steam engine with technical advancements expanding the size of workforces, making them larger and set up to accommodate more production, which created new jobs with a higher degree of division of labor. This reduced the level of workforce conditions as workers would be forced to work longer hours in less safe conditions for less pay. Ultimately, this was a problem which made it increasingly more challenging for a family survive on two working incomes (Roediger, 1991). As Larson described this aspect of the Gilded Age, "Some men choose...
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...get the ball rolling toward the complete abolition of slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution. While the laws of the land were amended, the attitudes of the people did not change and the African-Americans still had a long struggle ahead of them. President Lincoln had a plan of action that he wished to implement after the war ended in 1865. He wanted to get the Southern states back into the union as painlessly as possible. In order to be readmitted to the union, President Lincoln wanted ten percent of the voters from each rebellious state to swear an oath of allegiance to the United States (Kennedy & Cohen, 2012). Many in Congress disagreed with the President in favor of a law that would force fifty percent of the voters from the seceded states to swear the oath of allegiance. None of that really mattered to the newly freed slaves. That had lives to get on with and a newfound freedom. Unfortunately, there were those in the South that had plans of their own for their former slaves. Once Reconstruction began, the seceded states began to reorganize their governments and create new State Constitutions. Most of these states simply returned their Confederate leaders to political positions. They immediately passed a series of laws specifically written to control the behavior of African Americans. (Schultz, 2014) These laws became known as the Black Codes, and they bore a striking resemblance to the slave codes...
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...A. Arthur, however, did some things during his presidency which made large contributions to the U.S., not only in that time period but for generations to come. Arthur is known today as an important figure during the transition between the Civil War and Reconstruction, and a versatile man supportive of the reform of a recovering nation. Originally sworn into office as vice-president on September 20, 1880, Chester Arthur assumed the role of president when James A. Garfield was fatally shot by an assassin in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881. On October 5,...
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...fact, Ulysses S. Grant’s career in the military was an accident. In 1839, Jesse Grant, Ulysses S. Grant’s father, enrolled his son into the military at West Point. His father believed it was the right decision, and Ulysses “thought so too, if he did” (Grant 9). However, even at West Point, Grant was not an outstanding student, but rather a shy and average student. To elaborate, “The simple local schools bored him, and other children mistook his quietness for stupidity” (qtd. in American President: Ulysses S. Grant 13)....
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...African American History Since 1865 Alishia Colella HIS 204 American History Since 1865 Instructor Thomas Roka March 11, 2013 African American History Since 1865 Most individuals are probably familiar with the well-documented information regarding African American history, such as the Civil Rights Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but there are also many little known facts about their history that are of equal importance. African Americans have been present in the United States ever since the early 1600s and their presents plays an important role in American history not only because of the Civil Rights Movement, but because of the strength and courage that they had struggling to try and live a good life in America. History is rife with records of decades of untold torture and harrowing experiences that African American slaves suffered from at the hands of their captors and masters; they were even denied all natural rights as human beings and forced to live like animals. In all actuality, a slave was viewed as one-third of a person and the property of their owner(s), treated as an object instead of a person. Therefore, one could assume that after their emancipation, life would have become significantly better because the slavers were free to move away from the torturous hands of their masters. However, most of them faced incredible opposition and discrimination even after emancipation. Thus by and large, did not truly free them nor did it directly lead...
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...Symbiosis Law School, Pune (Constituent Symbiosis International Deemed University) Accredited by NAAC( UGC) with grade ‘A’ Post graduate department of law Pune Comparative public Law - I First Assignment “DISCUSS THE “EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE WITH RESPECT TO “14 TH AMENDMENT OF THE U.S CONSTITUTION AND ANAYLZE WITH RESPECT TOEVOLUTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS” SUBMITTED BY SHREYA CHAURASIA L.L.M .I ST SEMESTER ROLL NO. 64 PRN-15010143064 [2015-2016] Introduction “No person shall...be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law... Amendment V Article [V] (Amendment 5 - Rights of Persons) No person shall be held to...
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