...(CEHS) Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior Ibrahim H. Acar University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ihacar@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Child Psychology Commons Acar, Ibrahim H., "Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior" (2013). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 170. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR by Ibrahim H. Acar A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Julia C. Torquati Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2013 PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Ibrahim H. Acar, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: Julia C. Torquati The current...
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...At the root of sociological issues in society is that of conflict. Society as a whole has changed considerably over the last several hundred years such that humans now live in closer proximity to one another than at any other point in history, especially in urban areas where there are many houses crammed all together with close proximity to one another, and the standards of decorum are higher than ever before. For this reason, there is an intrinsic need for people to “get along” with one another that is often undermined by the realities of human conflict. Certainly, conflict seems to exist even in the most intimate and close of human relationships such as between a child and their parent. Its existence is a testament to the widespread issue of conflict, and the major role it plays in shaping the character of both society and culture. This paper will provide an overview of parent-child conflicts, offering an analytical view of contemporary literature on the subject from a sociological context. PART ONE: REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE This section of the paper helps me to present and analyze the article in question. For the purposes of exploring parent-child conflicts, a particular research study has been chosen and will form the basis of this paper. By exploring the research study in depth and critically examining its various aspects, it can show a superior understanding of the issue as a whole, as well as its farthest-reaching implications. The study in question is a 1993 study...
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...Divorce Conflict Hurts Children Christina Henderson DeVry University Divorce Conflict Hurts Children Six year old Olivia stands alone in front of her bedroom window, silent tears streaming down her tiny face. She watches her father put his suitcase in his car and drive away. She does not know what divorce is, but she does know on some internal level, that her life will never be the same. Olivia is right; divorce is a watershed event in the life of a child. Life following a divorce is dramatically changed from how life was before. The purpose of this proposal is to convince divorced parents to stop engaging in hostility and conflict with their ex-wives and ex-husbands so the children do not continue to suffer more. Divorce is commonplace in today’s world; 40 to 50 percent of marriages end in divorce, annulment, or separation (Issitt, 2014, para. 8). Children of divorced parents are at a disadvantage socially, emotionally, and financially, and the effects of divorce on children are amplified by conflict between the parents. As a child of a messy divorce, I know firsthand how harmful parental conflict can be to a child; I still deal with it today, 30 years after my parents’ divorce. I will further establish credibility by including information from Pickhardt (2011), Sedacca (2014), and Whitehead (2013), who are experts on child psychology and divorce. Approximately half of all marriages in the United States now end in divorce, this issue affects millions of people in our country...
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...Social Skills Training Purpose The purpose of this social skills training is to instill interpersonal problem-solving skills by enhancing interpersonal communication skills, perspective-taking, defining conflicts, goals and generating alternative solution strategies to resolve interpersonal conflicts. As a result, children are more likely to make better judgments when meeting others, initiating interactions, and resolving interpersonal conflicts. When learning new skills, children need (1) to understand what they are supposed to do; (2) to see the skill demonstrated; and (3) to practice the new skill. Therefore, each module begins with a didactic presentation of the skills (role-playing by facilitator, presentation of dialogues, vignettes or videos), followed by group games, practice and presentation and lastly evaluation of the group practice and the skill acquired. Target participants A group of 10 children aged 12 years (in a school or community setting) who have no specific cognitive or emotional problems. Participants should be verbally intelligent to benefit from the training modules. Module 1: Getting Acquainted and Communication Building Goal The goal of the first session is to let participants get acquainted with each other. After the initial ice-breaking, the focus is then turned to developing effective communication skills (assertive instead of passive or aggressive). Skill Introducing yourself, stating positives about yourself, stating positives about...
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...Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children Xiaoyu Li University of Nebraska-Lincoln, whulucy@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education Commons Li, Xiaoyu, "Family Environment and School Environment as Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children" (2012). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 164. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN by Xiaoyu Li A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Soo-Young Hong Lincoln, Nebraska November, 2012 FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN Xiaoyu Li, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2012 ...
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...FAMILY CONFLICT THEORY OBJECTIVES • Theory looks at the balance between order and disorder in the family structure and determines how to make sense of how harmony can exist. • Theory is useful for understanding hierarchical structure and its bases: gender., social class, , race, age. Differences among members are attributable in part to hierarchical structures that motivate members to act in ways that advance or protect their interests Assumptions • Members differ in their interest, motivations, and preferences • Differences are based on hierarchy • Hierarchy depends on age and gender • Power, authority and privilege is hierarchical • Zero sum structure…gains for one may mean loss for another • Competitive structures create behaviors of confrontation, threats, promises, and appeasement • Families are willing to compromise on differences because of symbiotic relationships Solutions which all can agree upon must be found for conflict to end • Negotiation, bargaining,, compromise, and persuasion are utilized to end conflict • Rules are needed for boundaries CONCEPTS • Conflict and competition – members differences in values, attitudes, goals, and interests; behaviors over conflict can range from mild disagreements to physical abuse • Conflict resolution – Symbiosis reduces competition in a family; one compromises so another can gain. Need to win at another's expense is reduced if whole group is considered in winning and losing • Persuasion, negotiation and...
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...between puberty and legal adulthood but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage.Hence,an adolescent is a person between the ages of 13 and 19. Adolescence is viewed as a transitional period whose chief purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is important at this point to address directly the question of what is included under the concept of adolescent storm and stress. Taking historical and theoretical views in combination with contemporary research, the core of the storm and stress view seems to be the idea that adolescence is a period of life that is difficult; more difficult in some ways than other periods of life and difficult for adolescents as well as for the people around them. This idea, that adolescence is difficult, includes three key elements, these are: Conflict with parents and other authority figures: Adolescence is a time when the wisdom and advice of parents and teachers is overtopped, and in ruder natures may be met by blank contradiction. This is due not only to human evolutionary history but also to the incompatibility between adolescents’ need for independence and the fact that parents, teachers and other authority figures still think of adolescents as mere children, and tighten the rein where they...
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...The Effects of Divorce on Children Christopher M Quinn Developmental Psychology Liberty University Abstract This research paper will attempt to shed light of the very real issue of the effects of divorce on children in the United States and abroad. It is estimated that currently fifty-three percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce or other less than amicable methods; of these marriage dissolutions, seven out of ten involve children. This paper will attempt to connect the negative psychological impacts that are attached to the lives of children especially in the vulnerable early developmental stages of a child’s life. This research paper will pull from many different reputable sources that include a prominent university, psychiatric journals, and accredited psychology research papers. Today in the United States of America over fifty percent of all marriages, no matter what religion joined the couple, end in a divorce or less than amicable circumstances. There have been many theories presented over time as to why divorce occurs and why these rates have increased so dramatically over the last forty years. Some believe that the economy may play a role; others believe that the length of the engagement or relationship plays an important part; the couple living together prior to marriage “increases” the chance that divorce will result; or not cohabitating prior to marriage may contribute as the transition period is too stressful; still others believe...
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...psychology, education, and popular culture. Granville Stanley Hall was born in a small farming village in Massachusetts, and his upbringing was modest and conservative. He has produced over 400 books and articles and had become the first president of Clark University, Massachusetts, but his greatest achievement has been his research work on child centered research, education, and adolescence to a society in transition. He was instrumental in the development of educational psychology, and attempted to determine the effect adolescence has on education. “The Contents of Children’s Minds,” an 1883 publication of Hall helped him establish himself as the leader of the “child-study” movement, which aimed to utilize scientific findings on what children know and when they learn it as a way of understanding the history of and the means of progress in human life. Searching for a source of personal and social rebirth, Hall turned to the theory of evolution for a biologically based ideal of human development, the optimum condition of which was health. His pure and vigorous adolescent countered the fragmented, deadening, and reutilized qualities of urban industrial life. Hall theorized adolescence as the beginning of a new life and welded this vision to a scientific claim that this new life could contribute to the evolution of the race, if properly administered. Hall’s educational prescriptions for adolescents emphasized the following areas: An education that drew upon and utilized the...
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...punishment or punitive discipline known to many as spanking, inductive punishment. Child disciplinary practices are a necessary part of child rearing. They involve training and helping children to develop judgment, a sense of boundaries, self-control, self-sufficiency, and a positive social conduct. For the purposes of this study, two classifications of child disciplinary practices were explored: power-assertive and punitive discipline, and inductive discipline. Inductive discipline (e.g. reasoning) is believed to help children to develop empathic skills, appealing to the child's sense of reason and fairness. Conversely, punitive discipline (e.g. psychological aggression, corporal punishment) is believed to foster anger and unwillingness to comply, besides providing a model of aggression. Participants were children and adolescents from six public schools belonging to the catchment area of the primary care unit of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, assessed between October of 2010 and March of 2011. An association was observed between the higher frequencies of power-assertive and punitive discipline and bullying perpetration in children and adolescents. All maternal power-assertive and punitive disciplines were overall statistically associated with bullying behavior by their children, as well as most of the paternal of power-assertive and punitive discipline. The inductive discipline used by both parents was not overall statistically associated with the outcome. In...
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...Abstract Regardless of situations in one’s life there comes a time when they are going to be faced with conflict. Conflict is inevitable, even in a marriage. However, it is how the conflict in a marriage that will determine how it affects the longevity of the marriage and the effects it has on any children involved and if the affects become detrimental to the parties involved. When there is unresolved conflict in a marriage it not only has an effect on the emotional well-being of those involved but also has an effect on the mental, spiritual and physical well-being of all individuals involved. This paper will discuss how conflict in marriage affects those involved as well as the longevity of the marriage itself. Studies have shown that conflict and disagreements within a marriage have and affect or couples and the relationships versus couples who are willing to confront their issues and talk their problems out. Individuals were studied over a ten day period using two separate groups to see how they dealt with conflict. The first group consisted of 128 individuals and their conflicts for a ten day period were recorded. The second group consisted of 75 couples in a laboratory setting. The couples were monitored to see how they related to their mate and how they responded to conflict in which they faced. This was to measure the commitment level of each of the mates before the discussions they had and after their discussions...
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...How Divorce Affects Adult Children Relationships Not every person is the same. However, the same can be said for families. Every family is made up of different people and functions in its own way. Families are often formed through marriage and later with children. According to Haddad, L., Phillips, K., & Bone, J. (2016), “More than 90 percent of people living in Western cultures are married at least once before the age of 50, and of those marriages, 40 to 50 percent end in divorce” (p. 243). With this high occurrence of divorce, families are often broken apart taking a high toll on every member. For a long period of time, researchers have often focused on the bond that is broken between child and parent, however, what is of more importance is the sibling bond that is broken. According to Patricia Noller, “Although about 80% of individuals in Western countries have siblings, the sibling relationship is one of the most neglected in terms of research, at least until more recent times” (Noller, 2005, p. 3). With such a large portion of the population that has siblings and the high percentage of divorce, the importance of studying how it affects this bond is even more...
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...Psychological Impact of Divorce on Children Shantay Gonzalez Liberty University Abstract While divorce can most notably affect the adults in the relationship in a negative way, children also have a number of challenges that can be overlooked. Due to their inability to process certain aspects of life, children become susceptible to psychological trauma as a result of the divorce that unfortunately go unnoticed. Many children display antisocial behavior, an increase in externalizing behaviors, poor emotion regulation, and other maladaptive coping styles. While prevention is typically best to avoid potential psychological influences on adults and children alike, many programs have been established to work with children specifically who have been impacted by divorce. Post-divorce interventions focus primarily and solely on the children are necessary to the psychological health of children impacted by divorce. Still, there is a need for improvement in interventions such as preventative programs during the divorce proceedings that will allow the child to express their emotions and social perspectives. Keywords: divorce, children, psychological impact, behavior Psychological Impact of Divorce on Children The cases of divorce have been gaining ground since 1965 (Hetherington, 1979). Even by prior statistical reports, there seems to be no break in the amount of divorce cases filed each year. Couples get divorced for a number of reasons such as financial strain, incompatibility...
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...Divorce and Children According to the study that was done in 2004 "In the United States, between 43% and 50% of first marriages end in divorce"(U.S Census Bureau qtd inLansford 140). One can assume that many children will experience some affects caused by divorce. There is evidence to support that children would be better off if the parents stayed married and there is equal supporting evidence that it would be better off if they divorced. A survey done in 2009 by 1000 teenagers "When asked what the teens wanted their parents to know they said that divorce "hurts," "sucks" and that they "don’t want to be blamed for it" or caught in the middle"(GordonPoll Youth Survey qtd inJolivet 175). There are three main areas that impact children's experience with divorce such as behavioral, psychological, and social issues. Children are effected by divorce in many ways which cause their behavior to not be normal. When children go through a traumatic event, such as losing a parent to divorce, they want to act out because they are hurt, and do not know what to do with their emotions. An article written by Ahron Constance states "…..divorce prevents certain risks, is an emotionally stressful and complex transition for families, and continues to affect children into adulthood" (55). Divorce is a hard thing for children to learn how to cope with. Children of different ages rebel in different ways; they do this because at different age levels they cannot comprehend certain things and are...
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...Gender and Family CJS/240 October 12, 2014 Professor Deanna Beaubouef How does gender affect delinquency? There are a lot of theories that explain how gender plays a major role in delinquency. Early theories have stated that females were victims of genetic disorders and males were more aggressive. The earlier theories also stated that any female showing are aggressive, they are more likely than boys to hide their behavior from adults; girls who “bully “others are less likely than boys to admit their behavior. Male like to have power, freedom and hang with their friends and females are more verbally proficient, a skill that may help them deal with conflict without resorting to violence. When children internalize gender-specific behaviors cognitive and personality differences are magnified. Females have more self-control over emotions then men, a factor that can cause someone to commit a crime out emotions in steading thinking clearly. What are some current explanations for gender differences? The Socialization difference states that differences in the way females and males are socialized affect their development. Males are taught to be on their own and females are taught to value relationships. This method of teaching makes females susceptible to feeling alienated because of the failure to achieve relational success. As for boys they may feel a chronic sense of alienation. The cognitive differences between males and females start early in childhood. Males are...
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