...other than fossil fuels. Automobiles in the last 10 years have evolved from using gasoline and diesel as a primary power source, and now include features once only seen in luxury cars. Introducing them to a rental car company may give it more of a variety to offer its customers. Introduction This paper is to introduce the idea of the integration of alternate-fueled vehicles into the Lotus Rental Car Company and the feasibility to do so to the Chief Financial Officer. There are numerous factors to consider. A large purchase, especially for vehicles, requires in-depth research and weighing of advantages and disadvantages that need to be evaluated. Alternate Fuel Sources There are a few power source options when looking to buy or lease alternate fueled vehicles; ethanol; flex-fuel; hybrid; electric; and natural gas. Alternate fuel source seem to be attractive for consumers as the high prices for fossil fuels continue to climb. With the purchase of new fuel-saving vehicles in mind, each fuel source will be examined. Each type of fuel does have its own great benefit as well as drawback. Ethanol Ethanol is a fuel that is usually comprised of 10% gasoline and 90% ethanol. The more commonly known mixture is 15% and 85% called E85. Internal combustion engines are able to utilize this type of fuel with modifications made the hose materials used to carry this fuel. Newer vehicles have the capability to utilize E85 and gasoline, known to be called Flex-Fuel vehicles. The...
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...company plans to move into the national market by introducing a fleet of alternative-fuel vehicles into its existing fleet. While alternative fuels are still not widely available outside major metropolitan areas, we believe adding alternative-fuel cars to our fleet in areas where alternative fuels are readily available will increase our customer base and open new markets. This is particularly true in large east coast metropolitan areas that consider themselves to be environmentally proactive, such as Atlanta, Boston, New York, and Washington D.C. With the extremely high price of gasoline, there is a much higher demand for alternative-fuel cars, so by providing an option to our customers for these types of vehicles, Lotus will be able to tap into the green minded customer markets that already exist in these cities. Our team believes that introducing this fleet into Lotus’ already existing fleet will add a new dimension to the company and provide the growth we need to compete in these new markets. Our team will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the most widely available types of fuels and automobiles. We will also discuss the economic impact this fleet will have on Lotus. After exploring these options, we will provide our Chief Financial Officer with the types of cars and fuels best suited for these markets. These recommendations will be based on the range of the automobiles and the availability of the fuels within that market. Our recommendation will take into account both...
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...Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal Joshua Maldonado and John Elias COMM/215 September 3, 2013 Vincent Palmieri Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal Combustion engine vehicles have come a long way, especially since conventional vehicles are reaching upwards of 30 miles per gallon. Conventional vehicles have only grown more reliable over the past few decades, and continue to improve with each passing year. Due to these advancements, many would agree that there is no reason to switch over to new alternative fuel vehicles. However, Lotus Car Rental should add 100 alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet, placing 50 vehicles in Boston, MA and 50 vehicles in Los Angeles, CA. in order to maximize profit. Alternative Vehicles There are many types of alternative fuel vehicles to choose from such as ethanol flex-fuel, electric, and hybrid vehicles. In addition to regular gasoline, flex-fuel vehicles operate on E85, which is a mix of gas and ethanol. The ethanol levels of E85 range between 51% and 83% (Clean Cities, 2013). The miles per gallon are decreased when flex-fuel vehicles utilize E85 rather than regular gasoline, due to ethanol containing less energy than gasoline (Clean Cities, 2013). Regardless of this fact, many individuals power these vehicles with E85 because it is a high-octane fuel (Clean Cities, 2013). The high octane increases the vehicles power and performance, ultimately giving the driver a better driving experience. Electric vehicles use batteries...
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...six million gate cubic yards of solid waste; eight percent less waste than was accepted during two thousand eight Some of these landfills were not active during the full year. Twenty-four of the forty four landfills accepted five million three hundred thousand gate cubic yards of waste from other states. Capacity remaining at forty seven landfills on Jan. 1, 2010, declined by less than one percent. This total of more than one billion gate cubic yards of available capacity was down more than eight million gate cubic yards from data reported a year earlier. (Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity) The United States Environmental Protection Agency has a voluntary assistance program, meant to help reduce methane emitted from landfill by encouraging the recovery of said methane to eventually be used as an energy source. As solid waste decomposes it gives off a gas which is comprised of roughly fifty percent methane, fifty percent carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of non-methane organic compounds. Landfill gas can be collected, converted, and used as an energy source instead of being released into the atmosphere. This is done by using a series of wells and a blower/flare (or vacuum) system. The collected gas is then directed to a central point where it can be processed and treated, the type of treatment is determined by the ultimate use for the gas. (Landfill Methane Outreach Program) It may be flared, replace fossil fuels in...
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...Md. Arafater Rahman Bhuiyan Assistant Professor Department of business studies Bangladesh University of Business & Technology Subject: Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, With due respect we, the undersigned students of BBA 28 intake, section 07 of a group have Case study on “Why did global food price rise” under the course: International Business. This case study has enabled us to gain how to increase global food price rise. So it becomes as an extremely challenging and interesting experience. Thank you for your supportive consideration for formulating an idea. Without your Inspiring this case study would have been an incomplete one. Lastly, I would be thankful once again if you please give your judicious advice on effort. Yours’ sincerely, On behalf of my group Md. Mahmud Hasan ID No- 11123101283 Department of Business Studies Acknowledgement Every case study big or small whatever, is successful largely due to dedicated people who have always given their valuable advice. I sincerely appreciate the support and guidance of all those people who help us to complete this case study. I am Md. Mahmud Hasan. Extreamly grateful on behalf of my group to my course teacher Md. Arafater Rahman Bhuiyan who gave a case study task to complete with good direction. And also, grateful unknown economic online blogger who wrote articles on his blog & we got some important information. I also grateful to my group...
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...Growing air pollution in many California cities is accelerating the search for alternative fuels. Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) are one way of reducing vehicle emissions that contribute two-thirds of all air pollution in most cities. Some electric drive technologies are battery electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and fuel cell powered vehicles (FCV). To support the introduction of EDVs, Pacific Gas and Electric Company is playing a critical role in evaluating and developing new electric drive technologies. Through education programs, demonstration projects, and market infrastructure research, the company's support for EDVs will benefit our customers by ensuring a healthier environment Electric Drive Technologies Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) An electric vehicle is a motor vehicle, such as an automobile, truck, or bus, which uses a rechargeable battery for fuel, replacing gasoline, diesel or other types of combustible fuels. Gone are the internal combustion engine and the transmission. A BEV utilizes an electric motor or, in some applications, more than one motor to propel the vehicle. The energy stored in the Electric Vehicle's rechargeable battery supplies power to a motor controller. The motor controller is a device that controls the amount of power supplied to the electric drive motor(s) based on the position of the accelerator pedal. Refueling an electric vehicle consists of connecting the vehicle to an outlet or charging device...
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...Alternative fuel Opportunities "Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations"(E.E.R.E.) If there isn’t some form of a major change in the way we use, renew, and obtain energy our world will be severely effected. By 2100 if we continue at the rate we are going with fossil fuel abuse there will be an average increase of forty-eight-degrees Fahrenheit to the global temperature (E.E.R.E.). Many people believe that the effects of global warming are not going to occur until centuries from now, but reality is that there are changes already happening. Sea levels are currently rising due to glacial retreat and arctic shrinking (E.E.R.E.). There are also severe long term effects. Some major events would be severe weather events such as an increase in the more violent hurricanes and tornadoes, reversal of seasons, and even sever economic depression due to a decrease in crop production. There are many different solutions or alternatives to our current declining global situation. Cars can be powered by bio diesel, ethanol, electricity, fuel cell, hydrogen and a combination hybrid (Alternative Energy). The possibilities are endless for future possibilities to fuel our power hungry world. All it would take for our ecosystem to be saved is a little time and a slight bit more money, if nothing is done future generation will perish. A large portion of our global warming...
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...Sustainable Planning and Development Chris Pertell ENV230 Dr. Nicole Minor April, 10, 2012 Sustainable Planning and Development My goal is to design a community that is able to live sustainable and self sufficiently. I will take into consideration all of the fundamental aspects: food, water, energy, sewage, solid waste, and transportation. To design a sustainable community, one must use green alternative methods and use renewable sources. Sustainability should be a process of planned change and learning. To have a sustainable community, there must be sustainable relationships between people; also people need a relationship with the environment. Societies through managed learning should be able to adapt to feedback, improve decision making by sharing information, communication, and understanding (Sustainable, 2012). When building the community, I would use recycled materials. By reusing materials that would have been thrown away, I will be saving trees that would have been cut down to build. Another way we can contribute to a green community is by buying products deemed environmentally friendly. If we look for products which are friendlier to our environment through the production of the product and the use of the product, it will help us live in a green community. In this community we would recycle what we can and reuse what we are able to. This would not take any extra money. In most cases it will save us money, or we will earn money, I would tell people,...
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...Current Business Practices Audit Manuel Oliver, Christopher Nieto Veronica Martinez, Angelica Rubio Shanna Guillen MGT/360 June 19 2014 Fernando Bernal Abstract Vice president of operations in Riordan Manufacturing, Mark Netizal, contracted Team B a sustainability company to develop and implement a sustainability plan. He decided to assess the company’s current business practices and allow Team B full access to perform their sustainability audit. Team B ventured and completed the audit finding some new practices that can help Riordan Manufacturing and also identified that Riordan Manufacturing was already leading the industry with some current practices. Current Business Practices Audit Riordan Manufacturing is a manufacturing company that produces plastic products, plastic injection moldings, medical products and fan blades and fan housing products. Riordan has three locations inside the United States and a manufacturing plant in the Republic of China. The company by the name Team B has performed a sustainability plan for Riordan Manufacturing in which will provided access to their company’s current business practices. Riordan Manufacturing’s vice president of operations contracted Team B to develop efficient sustainable practices to help promote more environmentally friendly company that can lead its industry to new levels of sustainability. Team B’s audit inspected the following stages of Riordan Manufacturing’s: California’s receiving...
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...Waste and Energy Paper Name ENV 100 April 11, 2011 Tamue L. Gibson, M.S. Waste and Energy Paper Pollution introduces contaminants or pollutants into the natural environment that causes unsteadiness and long-term effects to the ecosystem. Waste is slowly polluting the environment and killing humans, plant life, and animals. Waste comes in many forms: solid waste; plastic, hazardous waste material; nuclear waste, and fossil fuel; oil. The world has become a gigantic trashcan. With the expansion of technology, humans are gutting out the earth’s resources, the results are creating an imbalance in the climate, and millions are suffering from ill health. Biological diversity in parts of the world has become an important issue of discussion to environmental activist. Recommendations for illuminating waste are concerns of nations worldwide. Alternative solutions will make way for improvement to the environment and health for millions of people. Plastic bottles are washing ashore on beaches and polluting the oceans. Plastic bottles are the largest source of pollution (Plastic Pollution Collation, 2010). Such items as plastic utensils, straws, lids, and bottles are releasing chemicals into the ocean and destroying the marine life beneath. Although designed for temporary use, they remain around forever. The American Chemical Society studied water samples and found polystyrene, a commonly used plastic found in cutlery and Styrofoam, and went on to say that plastic is a new source...
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...designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. By definition an automobile or car is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motor and transports passengers. The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. You can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way to producing the modern car; and with that goal in mind, highlighted below are articles, biographies, timelines, and photo galleries related to the history of the automobile and its many inventors. History of Automobiles A multi-part feature on the history of automobiles starting with the first steam, electrical, and gasoline-engine cars. Learn the controversy behind what was the first car in history and the importance of the internal combustion engine. The lives of many famous automotive makers are explored in detail with special pages on the assembly line, the origins of the name automobile, the patent disputes, and more. Automobile Benz "Velo" model (1894) by German inventorCarl Benz – entered into an early automobile race as a motocycle[1][2] Classification Vehicle Industry Various Application Transportation Fuel source Gasoline, Diesel, Electric,Hydrogen, Solar energy ...
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...Diesel Locomotives – Efficiency in Motion Since the early 1900’s, diesel technology in locomotives has changed the railroad industry. Although the diesels were slow to catch on, the diesel locomotive proved to be more powerful, safer, more efficient and have less maintenance than steam powered locomotives. Today, modern diesel electric locomotives have further stretched the benefits of diesel technology. Incredibly, freight trains have increased their fuel efficiency by 80 percent over the past 25 years and today's locomotives can move a ton of freight more than 400 miles on a single gallon of fuel. With all the benefits regarding diesels, there is another source of inefficiency in the railroad that is often overlooked, the rail yard and switching terminals. The rail yards and switching terminal are traditionally the biggest culprits of air pollution and fuel inefficiency, presenting the greatest opportunities for further improvement. The Belt Railway Company of Chicago (BRC) is the largest intermediate switching terminal railroad in the United States. The BRC has 28 miles of mainline with more than 300 miles of switching tracks, allowing it to interchange with every railroad serving the Chicago rail hub. The Belt's Clearing Yards span a 5.5 mile distance among 786 acres, supporting more than 250 miles of track. The Belt Railway currently dispatches on a service-driven basis more than 8,400 rail cars per day. At Clearing Yard, employees are able to classify between...
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...Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Pensacola, Tampa Bay, etc. Global warming has become a world-wide issue. It affects all of humanity and is becoming the forefront concern in many nations. What action we take now will have either a positive or negative effect. How can man help avert this catastrophe? By taking action now. The first part to taking action is to figure out what your “carbon footprint” is. Carbon footprint, as defined in Wikipedia.com, “is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through the combustion of fossil fuels”. Organizations and businesses have a carbon footprint due to the process of everyday operations. For the fellow man or his or her household, it is a part of their daily lifestyle2. Daily lifestyle means that natural resources are consumed in the support of the family. As these natural resources are consumed they are directly proportional to the carbon dioxide expressed from the fossil fuels which are used in the processing of the natural resources for human usage. There are many Internet sites that have an online calculator to help an individual (and households) or organization figure out how much carbon dioxide is expressed or emitted by them. This is directly proportional to the amount of natural resources consumed. The carbon footprint is normally expressed in pounds. I went to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Internet site and used the site’s online calculator to figure out...
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...Chernobyl On April 26th 1986 the largest nuclear disaster, in the history of man, took place in Chernobyl, Ukraine 100Km north of Kiev. The disaster has been attributed to faulty reactor design, a lack of safety culture, and human error. The environmental ramifications from this disaster will be felt in this area for centuries to come. It is important to note that the RBMK-1000 reactors that were in use at the Chernobyl NPP were similar to the reactors used by the United States to make the fissile material for the nuclear bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. This type of reactor was common in the early 1940’s and 1950’s in the US, but represented extremely antiquated technology for the 1980’s. This was partly due to the USSR isolating themselves both physically and politically from the rest of the world. On the night of April 26th 1986 the number 4 reactor was to be shut down for routine maintenance. It was decided to take advantage of this shutdown to determine whether, in the event of a loss of station power, the slowing turbine could provide enough electrical power to operate the main core cooling water circulating pumps, until the diesel emergency power supply became operative. The aim of the test was to determine whether cooling of the core could continue to be ensured in the event of a loss of power. This test had been carried out the previous year, but the power to the turbine ran down too rapidly, so new voltage regulator designs were to be tested. By noon...
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...Generally, congestion results in a less productive work force. In the Philippines where majority of employee take public transport, people use the time they’re glued in traffic to work, instruct the work or filter issues, and everyone ends up queasy, frustrated and already wasted even before they start to work. Congestion also adds to the country’s air pollution. This lead vehicles to consume more fuel and automobile emissions as they forced to operate less efficiency. More vehicles on same place also means greenhouse gas emissions, which in return could be a risk in environment and helath. In year 2012, the greenhouse gas emissions are about 4.7 million tons that is rapidly boosting that estimated to 5.72 million tons in a year...
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