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The Exam 1

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CHAPTER 40 Cardiopulmonary physiology delivery of deoxygenated blood to right side of the heart and to the pulmonary circulation and oxygenated blood rom the lung to the left side of the heart and tissues  pumping of the heart is essential for oxygen delivery Heart chambers filled with blood during diastole
Heart chambers empty the blood during systole  Cardiomyopathy enlarged heart- due to decreased pumping action and volume of blood ejected from ventricles  Stroke volume volume of blood ejected from ventricle w/ each contraction  Blood flow through the heart is in one direction Left side of the myocardium does most of the work  Cardiac output (CO) amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute *normal: 4-6 L/min

(CO)= Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)  Cardiac output increases during exercise, pregnancy, fever  Cardiac output decreases during sleep  Cardiac index (CI) more precis measure and takes into consideration tissue perfusion and body surface area (BSA)
CI= CO/ BSA  Preload end-diastolic volume  Starlings law the more stretch on the ventricular muscle (blood fills ventricles) the greater the contraction and the greater the stroke volume  Afterload resistance to left ventricular ejection  Diastolic aortic pressure isa good clinal measures of after load Afterload increases in hypertension  Cardiac conduction system generates and transmits impulses that allow rhythmic relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles  hearts conduction system generate the impulse needed to ini tat the electrical shane of events for a normal heartbeat SA node (pacemaker of the heart) located in right atrium next to superior vena cava
-Impulses initiated at SA node 

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