...PWM Inverters have additional circuits for protection and voltage control. The quality of the output wave form (230 / 110 volt AC) from the inverter determines its efficiency. The quality of the inverter output wave form is expressed using Fourier analysis data to calculate the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). THD is the square root of the sum of the squares of the harmonic voltage divided by the fundamental voltage. THD = √ V2 2 + V3 2 + V4 2…………. Vn 2 / V1 Based on the output waveforms, there are three types of Inverters. These are Sine wave, Modified Sine wave or Quasi sine wave and Square wave inverters. Sine wave Alternating current has continuously varying voltage, which swings from positive to negative. This has an advantage in power transmission over long distance. Power from the Grid is carefully regulated to get a pure sine wave and also the sine wave radiate the least amount of radio power during long distance transmission. But it is expensive to generate sine wave in an inverter. Its quality is excellent and almost all electrical and electronic appliances work well in sine wave inverter. [pic] Sine Wave The sine wave is the AC waveform we get from the domestic lines and from the generator. The major advantage of sine wave inverter is that all of the house hold appliances are designed to operate in sine wave AC. Another advantage is that the sine wave is a...
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...and describe four distinct periods of time which he referred to as 'waves of terrorism'. (Rapoport 2004 :46 -47) These waves are used as markers through which an understanding can be gleaned of how terrorism goes through changes or cycles. This paper will identify the four waves of terrorism as set out by Rapoport and define the characteristics of each wave. Terrorism has many and varied definitions and yet all are consistent in identifying it as an act of violence used to gain influence for a cause or an ideological belief. (Mannik 2009: 152 - 153) Most acts of violence are deliberate, targeted and serve a purpose for the groups goals.(Kydd & Walters 2006: 49-50) In this sense waves of terrorism, then, can be seen as a type of revolution where there is an uprising against the political state of the time. (Rapoport 2004: 49 -50) Whilst terrorism has existed throughout history and has employed violent methods to achieve their aims and objectives it can also be seen that terrorism follows distinct patterns. These patterns occur in cycles which were identified by Rapoport (2004) and are referred to as waves.(Rapoport 2004:46, 66) As terrorism appears to move in waves over time so too do the activities of the terrorists. A wave then can be seen as specific to a particular time frame and consisting of a number of identifying factors. (Harrow 2008: 3) Rapoport identified four waves of terrorism which ultimately embody social uprisings, better...
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...2. Cost Of Poor Quality (COPQ) 2.1 Introduction to COPQ COPQ is composed of costs, which are incurred by producing defective material. This cost consists of cost involved in perfecting the gap between desired and accrual product or service quality. It also includes the cost of lost opportunities due to loss of resources that generated in correcting the defects. Furthermore, labor cost, rework cost, disposition costs, and material costs that added to the fulfilling the product rejection are included in COPQ. Here is the figure shows the main components of COPQ Cost of inefficient processes Cost of nonconformities Cost of poor quality Cost of lost opportunities for sales Figure 2.1 components of COPQ 2.2 Why COPQ The reasons to estimate the cost of poor quality are multifold, including quantifying the cost of money generated by quality problems, identifying major opportunities for cost reduction, and verifying probabilities of reducing customer dissatisfaction and product salability threats. Additionally, measuring COPQ provides a means of evaluating the progress of quality improvement activities and knowing the cost of poor quality leads to the development of strategic quality plan that is consistent with overall organization of goals. 2.3 Categories of Quality Costs There are four general categories of costs concerning products’ quality. The Internal failure costs are the cost due to the deficiencies discovered before delivery, which are associated...
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...subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Offshore Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract mus t contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright. Abstract Successful installation of subsea structures and equipment is critical for offshore campaigns in development of deep-water fields. This paper presents a novel approach using Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) to predict wave induced motions, wave loads, dynamic stresses and deformation of subsea structure and equipments in the splash zone during installation. This approach combines transient multiphase CFD simulation including dynamic mesh motion with transient nonlinear Computational Structural Dynamics including tension forces in non-linear flexible slings. This proposed approach has been successfully implemented for lowering of a subsea manifold in splash zone during installation. This paper has many potential applications, such as, installation of manifold, subsea tree, PLET/PLEM, suction pile,...
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...Stephen Leider, Markus M. Möbius, Tanya Rosenblat, Quoc-Anh Do DIRECTED ALTRUISM AND ENFORCED RECIPROCITY IN SOCIAL NETWORKS The Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 2009 Lana Shifrina Groups in Economic Decision-Making Jingjing Zhang 14.05.12 The authors of the paper choose a real world social network (Facebook) to conduct a prosocial behavioral experiment. The motivation behind the experiment is to expand on the previous studies, examining peoplesʼ underlying altruism vs. granting favors in exchange for expected future returns. The authors observe that measuring underlying altruism empirically is quite difficult because people tend to socialize within their social circles and the decisions they make are based on feelings toward individuals within these circles and not on the true nature of the decision maker. In order to overcome these prejudices, the authors believe that this experiment was designed in such a way, that the personal favoritism can be removed and individualsʼ baseline altruism can then be measured. The real world application and the goal of the experiment is to help economists better explain disturbances within systems of informal insurance, provided by social networks, and to predict the necessary measures required to stabilize the system. The paper identifies three natures of prosocial giving: “(1) baseline altruism toward randomly selected strangers, (2) directed altruism that favors friends over random strangers, and (3) giving motivated...
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...whose 2 small symmetric leaves on its main leaf cushion dance rhythmically to harmonious music. Interestingly, it does not show any response if blown or caressed with hands. (Hou and Mooneyham, 1999) Therefore, it is natural to assume that the effects of music, and thus sound, on plants, might be beneficial, instead of merely “dancing”. A good gauge of this is plant growth, which can be measured in a number of ways: number, size and weight of fruits, storage duration and photosynthetic ability of the leaves, among other methods. Researches on these variables have been carried out since the first commercial experiment in 1972 by Charnoe, who studied the effects of sound waves on budding of barley. Subsequently, Carlson of the United States of America treated various crops and vegetables with high frequency sound waves (Spillane, 1991), and the Xian Tuo company in Osaka, Japan, has treated vegetables with classical music (Xiao Hai, 1990). Reports of the growth of many record-breaking fruits have also been attributed to music. For example, French scientists have cultivated a 2 kilogram tomato, and British scientists have produced a 13 kilogram beet (Hou and Mooneyham, 1999). This technology and field of study have come to be known as acoustic biology. However, most of these reports lack support from advanced scientific theories and precise instruments to measure the actual changes in plants. Many of these reports attribute the plant’s ability to “sense” music to its natural “sound...
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...INTF 355 International Technology Management Course Book: Paul Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, 5.th Ed Learning objectives and Some Discussion Questions for Mid Term Exam • Recognise the importance of innovation • Explain the meaning and nature of innovation management • Provide an introduction to a management approach to innovation • Appreciate the complex nature of the management of innovation within organisations • Describe the changing views of innovation over time • Recognise the role of key individuals within the process • Recognise the need to view innovation as a management process. Discussion questions A number of chapters have several Pause for thought questions to help the student reflect on what they have just read to check their understanding. Examples: Not all firms develop innovative new products, but they still seem to survive. Do they thrive? This question attempts to get the students to recognise that while innovation is important it is possible to survive especially in the short term by focusing on traditional concerns such as minimising costs and generating sales. In the longer term, however, few firms will survive for long without the need to change; and that means introducing new ways of working and new products and services. If two different firms, similar in size, operating in the same industry spend the same on R&D, will their level of innovation be the...
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...began this research, I discovered that Black Feminism is too broad of a topic to elaborate on as a whole. This paper defines the term “Black Feminism. It will explore two published articles that report on the theory and practice of how black feminism is making waves and what role of education in the development of the Black Feminist Thought from 1860 to 1920. This paper will examine when the National Black Feminist Organization was founded and lastly, how two outstanding women who made an impact in the Black Feminist Movement. According to Encyclo (n.d.) online encyclopedia the definition of black feminism is “A strand of feminist thought which highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single unified gender oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women.” In other words, black feminist argue that the liberation of black women entails freedom for all people since it would require the end of racism, sexism and class oppression. This brings me to the theory and practice of black feminism and how it is making waves. According to Taylor (2001), … (Black Scholar, para. 2) states, “it seems that far too many black people continue to link the feminist movement exclusively to the activism of bourgeois white women and not to struggles initiated by African Americans for...
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...|STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT-DEFINITION……………….… |2 | | |MINTZBERG’S DEFINITION OF STRATEGY……………….. |3 | | |KEY ISSUES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT……………… |6 | | |PORTER’S THINKING…………………………………………. |7 | | |PORTER’S FIVE FORCES………………………………………. |9 | | |THE NEW STRATEGIC WAVE…………………………..…..… |12 | | |HENRY MINTZBERG' S 5 Ps FOR STRATEGY………..…… |17 | | |IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGY IN ORGANISATION………… |19 | | |THE STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS.................................... |20 | | |STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: Failure, Barriers and Limitations |22 | | |IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT....
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS: Section 1: Introduction: Foreign Exchange Market Overview 5 Section 2: Technical Analysis in Forex Markets 6 Section 3: Basic Technical Analysis Patterns 9 Section 4: Technical Analysis: Charting Techniques 13 Section 4.1:Cycle based indicators 13 Section 4.1.1: Elliot Wave theory 13 Section 4.2:Momentum Indicators 17 Section 4.2.1:MACD: Moving Average Convergence Divergence 18 Section 4.2.2:RSI: Relative Strength Index 19 Section 4.3:Trend approach to technical analysis 21 Section 4.3.1: Moving Averages 21 Section 4.4: Chart Based Indicators 23 Section 4.4.1: Candlestick Charts 23 Section 5: Practical Application to Current trends in the Foreign Exchange Market 28 Section 5.1:Cycle Based 28 Section 5.1.1: Elliot wave 28 Section 5.2: Momentum Based 29 Section 5.2.1:Relative Strength Index 29 Section5.2.2: Moving Average Convergence/Divergence 30 Section 5.3: Trend Based 31 Section 5.3.1: Moving averages 31 Section 5.4: Chart Based 36 Section 5.4.1: Candlesticks 36 Section 6: Technical Analysis: Advantages & Disadvantages 38 Section 7: How traders and dealers use Technical Analysis? 39 Section 8: Bibliography 40 List of Graphs and Figures Figure 1: Technical analysis is based on the premise that markets trend and that those trends tend to persist. 7 Figure 2: Example of a downtrend turning into an uptrend 9 Figure 3: A long term Channel line, support and resistance level 10 Figure 4: head and shoulders pattern. 10 Figure 5: Example...
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...EEG brain wave activity at rest and during evoked attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and effects of methylphenidate *Bianca Lee Thomas (neé Negrao) (MSc) **Margaretha Viljoen (PhD, PhD) * Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg **Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Short title / running head: EEG brain waves in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Corresponding author: Mrs BL Thomas Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Johannesburg Private Bag X2 Suite 149 Dunswart 1508 Tel: (011) 559 6250 Fax: (011) 559 6558 E-mail: bthomas@uj.ac.za...
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...Thomas Young and the Wave Nature of Light Historical Background Isaac Newton was famous not only for formulating the laws of motion but also for pioneering in the study of optics. He used a prism to show that sunlight was a mixture of the colors that make up the rainbow. In his Opticks (1704), Newton argued that light was made up of tiny particles. Slightly earlier, the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens wrote a Treatise on light, in which he proposed that light was a wave. It was only in 1789 that Thomas Young proposed a simple experiment that appeared to resolve the controversy by showing that light indeed behaves as a wave (according to 20th-century quantum mechanics, however, even Young’s wave description is incomplete). Young, a leading British natural philosopher, formulated an influential theory of color vision. He was also the first to decode the Egyptian hieroglyphics being brought to Europe by Napoleon’s troops. Although Newton and others had observed alternating patterns of bright and dark bands of light under certain circumstances, Young would be the first to explain these patterns, based on an analogy with water waves. Young used very simple equipment to produce patterns of light and dark bands: a candle and a card with a rectangular hole across which he stretched a single human hair. He used his observations to measure the wavelength of light. Notice that he was proposing that light is a wave and measuring its wavelength (something that cannot be directly observed...
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...Immigration is an important issue in the United States and the connection between immigration crime and fear of it has a long history. It dates back to the colonial times when the United States experienced a huge wave of immigration from 1880 to 1920.The colonist were mad about the people escaping to the United States for more freedom. The increased number of immigration was believed to be the cause of more crimes. There was a negative image and a fear of new immigrants. The first federal government action toward immigration matter was The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 which banned immigration from China (Annalisa Merelli). The government started to tightened the immigration policy and deportation has become a punishment for minor offenses....
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...teSeeking an effective way to report intellectual capital Summary In today’s knowledge economy, intellectual capital has been playing an increasingly significant role in creating corporate sustainable competitive advantages and becomes instrumental in determining the enterprise value. Though measuring the value of intellectual capital is difficult, with the emerging of intellectual capital valuation models, a number of leading companies have decided to make additional intellectual capital disclosure. This paper discusses and illustrates the intellectual capital statement. How to effectively measure and disclose intellectual capital in external financial reporting and how the accounting rules for reporting intangibles limit the recognition of intellectual capital and will also be discussed. The final part is proposed approaches to intellectual capital reporting. Introduction Our world is in the rise of new economy, principally driven by the information and knowledge. Today, a number of companies and organizations rely heavily on the knowledge and skills of their stuff and the network of the customer. As these intangible assets became increasingly critical, the limitations on financial statements in explaining a company’s value stress the fact that the source of economic value is no longer the production of material goods but the creation of intellectual capital. Background Definition Stewart first defined intellectual capital as intellectual material-knowledge, information...
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...Jury Trial Analysis Paper University of Phoenix CJA/364 Criminal Procedure MU11BCJ05 Jury Trial Analysis The modern jury has evolved since about 1700 into a complex process involving a number of distinct steps (Zalman, 2008). Since the evolution of jury trials, the main goal is to form a jury panel, provide them with all the facts of the case, and decide a verdict. Each step that makes up the jury trial is unique within itself. It is unique because there is a starting point, finishing point, and steps in between. Every step is crucial and there is no room for error. The writer is going to discuss all of these steps in detail, and will also provide in depth analysis of constitutional trial rights enacted during a trial. One of the most important steps in a jury trial is jury selection. “First, the court or a jury commission creates a master jury list of all eligible jurors, using methods that produce a statistically accurate cross-section of the community” (Zalman, 2008. p. 544). Upon omission on the master jury list, each individual in the jury pool goes through a set of questions that will decide who qualifies, also known as voir dire. “The process of voir dire allows the judge, attorneys, or both to question jurors to determine whether they are biased” (Zalman, 2008. p. 544). Once the jury is selected, the court process begins with an opening statement that outlines the main points of the case. The lawyers often try to make good first impressions on jurors...
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