...theories of degeneration. The era of the Victorian fin de siècle ‘…from the 1880s to the end of the century…generated an enormous amount of scientific and cultural debate concerning the future civilisation and the human race itself.’[1] It was an era of technical progress, Imperial gain, and a nation at the pinnacle of progress. ‘…bolstered by Darwin’s theory of evolution, Victorians regarded themselves and their society as the acme of human development.’[2] However, it was an era that balanced on the age of a new century that seemed to accentuate and highlight numerous anxieties. Ledger and Luckhurst (2000) further state that this was an ambivalent period; with major progress in science and technology but also a time of real decline, in which Britain’s global economic power was rivalled by Germany and America. This ambivalence at the turn of the century created fears and anxieties concerning the decline of the British race. A crucial influence on British anxieties of decline was underpinned by scientific and medical knowledge known as Theories of Degeneration. Ledger and Luckhurst (2000) state, at this time, that ‘…degeneration was one defining structure which can be traced across many disciplines…’[3] These theories of degeneration impacted over many discourses within Victorian culture including race, class, sexuality and morality, and envisaged ‘…a “primitive” lost world or degenerate “after world”.’[4] In other words, the threat of decline and degeneration to the upper...
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...Macular degeneration Macular degeneration is an eye disease that disrupts the central, specialized part of the retina called the macula. The macula is responsible for giving us clear, sharp central vision and enables us to see things in great detail. We use our macula when we are reading printed material or looking at street signs. Macular degeneration may affect only one eye, although it commonly affects both. Some types of macular degeneration can occur in young people; however, the main type, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), mainly affects people 55 years of age and older. The autonomy of a normal eye is Cornea - The transparent "front window" of the eye. It is a thick, nearly circular structure covering the lens. The cornea is an important part of the focusing system of the eye. Pupil - The round black hole in the center of the iris. The size of the pupil changes automatically to control the amount of light entering the eye. Iris - The pigmented (colored) membrane of the eye, the iris is located between the cornea and the lens. Its color varies from pale blue to dark brown. Lens - A transparent biconvex structure located behind the iris. It focuses light rays entering through the pupil in order to form an image on the retina. Retina - A thin multi-layered membrane which lines the inside back two-thirds of the eye. It is composed of millions of visual cells and it is connected by the optic nerve to the brain. The retina receives light and sends electrical impulses...
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...Name Subject Iago, Krogstad and the Degeneration of Marital Relationships Iago and Krogstad Iago and Krogstad, while both being antagonists within their respective plays Othello and A Doll’s House, do not share many traits, nor resort to the same actions, or have the same ambitions. In fact, both can be considered to be total opposites with respect to characterization. This reflects the great change that literary conventions have undergone from the time of Shakespeare to Ibsen. Nevertheless, both characters contribute greatly to the marital separations and/or disintegrations present in both plays, although at varying extents and motives. In both plays, these antagonists have succeeded in revealing underlying realities that existed deep beneath these marriages—relationships which initially stood, whether in pretense or in truth. Iago’s Motives Iago’s motives need not be sought out within the text to be identified. They are brought about from the very first scene. Upon the story’s advance, his motives become increasingly clear, and with only one goal before him: overthrow the Moor and be general in his place: “O sir, content you.| I follow him to serve my turn upon him.| We cannot all be masters, nor all masters| Cannot be truly followed… Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago.| In following him, I follow but myself.| Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty,| But seeming so, for my peculiar end.” Iago saw that the quickest way to accomplish this was to attack...
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...Kayla Barr API Mrs. Geralyn Caplan Pathology 3 November 2014 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common disorder affecting the muscular system. This form of muscular dystrophy is inherited and is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the dystrophin proteins of the muscles. Dystrophin is the largest gene known to man. (Tennyson, Klamut, Warton 1995). Hundreds of genes are responsible for producing the proteins that protect these muscle fibers from damage. In DMD, the dystrophin gene is defective. Where most forms of muscular dystrophy worsen slowly over time, Duchenne grows worse quite rapidly. Duchenne muscular is linked to the X-chromosome so the mother carries the disease and the defective gene but will likely never show symptoms. Their sons will each have a 50% chance of getting the disease and their daughters will each have a 50% chance of being carriers of the disease (Bushby, Finkel, Birnkrant, Case, Clemens, Cripe, Kaul, Kinnett, McDonald, Pandya, Poysky, Shapiro, Tomezsko, Constantin, 2010). The women who are carriers will pass the gene onto their children. One in every 3,500 live male births are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Chen, Ma, Zhang, Chen, Xing, Wang, Zhang, Luo, 2014). Most of these diagnoses have a line of family history with Duchenne muscular dystrophy that they were unaware of because it had not shown up in several generations. Females who are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and show symptoms...
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...Pharaoh Ozymandias was a strong and powerful ruler in this “ancient land” that the traveler refers to. The phrase “sneer of cold command” suggests he was a dictator and ruled with fear and not well liked by the people he ruled over. In line 11, the plural is used for the word “works”, this suggesting that the king must have had plenty, so thus very wealthy. He also is portrayed at being very arrogant and vain in line 11 “Look at my works, ye mighty, and despair!” where is boasting about his works and telling everyone to look at them and see how mighty he is. Although the inscription at the foot of the statue reveals to us who this poem is about, it also shows his idea of his own power calling himself “king of kings”. 2. The poet takes great care to describe, in lines 4 and 5, the ‘passions’ of Ozymandias that are ‘stamped on these lifeless things’ (line 7). What is the effect of the juxtaposition of ‘passions’ and ‘lifeless’? What is Shelley suggesting about human ambition? The passions of Ozymandias that are described in lines 4 and 5 “frown, wrinkled lip and sneer” show the type of leader he was that put fear into those he ruled and looked at his subjects as if they were unworthy. And then the use of the phase “stamped on these lifeless things” is saying that those passions is all that is left behind on the statue. The juxtaposition here is that passions suggests life and lifeless suggests death. What the poet is suggesting about human ambition is that Ozymandias ruled...
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...coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue. Neuroma- another term for neurofibrousa Paralysis- the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury. Tay sachs- disease (also known as GM2 gangliosidosis or hexosaminidase A deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Tension headache- headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches Chapter 11 Chapter Assesment: Terms: Alzheimer’s disease- progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- a progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the central nervous system, leading to wasting of the muscles and paralysis. Anencephaly- is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. It is a cephalic...
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...to describe the structure of particular kinds of fiction whereas Uncanny can refer to a particular psychological state or particular moments in texts without applying to the whole. So the opening of the story, for example, could easily be described as uncanny because it defamiliarises the landscape with specific literary techniques. Conclusion Introduction The light – supernatural/science Uncanny Degeneration –Dorian Gray Fairy Tale Introduction From the book Late Victorian Gothic Tales, Grant Allen’s Pallinghurst Barrows has been the generic and thematic basis for many gothic storylines, however with relation to H.G. Well’s The Time Machine, it has become one piece of writing that had gone unrecognised for a considerable amount of time. Pallinghurst Barrows is a short story assorted with supernatural and scientific themes in which Allen showed great interest resulting in him writing three novels such as Flowers and Their Pedigrees (1886) and Physiological aesthetics (1877). Degenerate Throughout Pallinghurst Barrows there is the ongoing motif of Darwin and degeneration, resulting in an idea or description leading us back to our ancestors, a “Darwinian traverse of scenes and actions that invert accepted hierarchical relationships, especially the fundamental relationship of human mastery to time”. Pallinghurst Barrows includes all the conventions that would position itself as a Fantastic story, such as the supernatural folk tales, the doubt that...
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...may include eyeglasses, magnifying lenses and surgery. Age Related Macular Degeneration This eye disease can happen at any age but is usually detected after the age of 60. The macula is affected which is the central part of the retina that helps one focus. Vision is not totally lost, only central vision is compromised. Retinal Detachment Detachment of the retina happens when the retina separates from the back of the eye. This is caused by the build up of fluid and is painless. Symptoms are seeing flashing lights or floaters. Surgery using lasers as mostly used to treat this...
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...Conditions Related to the Eye and Blindness Michael A. Allen Jackson State University Abstract Conditions related to the eye and blindness is very common. There are many disease of the eye. Many of these diseases can cause a lot of harm. There are five main points that will be discussed they are age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy, visual impairment in higher learning, and social support for the visually impaired. Macular degeneration often damages central vision and is prevalent in people age 60 and over with rare cases of people fewer than 50. Retinitis Pigmentosa is common among families; it’s not always related to hereditary factors. Retinopathy is a common problem for people with diabetes where retinal blood vessels break down and affect vision. People with visual impairments who are in higher learning are very common now days and accommodations are set up for persons. Social support for people who are visually impaired is key factors to helping those individuals have a normal and productive life. Introduction There are many eye conditions. They are listed as followed. Lazy Eye or Amblyopia is a very common condition. Usually present early in childhood, lazy eye can be corrected if caught early. Learn what you can do to correct this eye condition before it becomes severe. Aphakia is a condition where the lens of the eye is missing. It can greatly decrease your vision acuity and cause other problems if not treated. Astigmatism...
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...affects the micro-organism population in soil, which is responsible for organic breakdown. Organic breakdown is vital for nutrient uptake. Without the correct nutrient uptake, plants cannot successfully grow. Furthermore, acid rain causes damage to the protective cuticle on the leaves of plants. The degeneration of the cuticle not only makes the plant more susceptible to the cold and allows pathogens to enter the plants, but also causes a large amount of water loss, and allows the water in the plant to be replaced by acid. Both of these things are detrimental to the plant’s photosynthesizing ability. (Authors unknown, years unknown, 2016,...
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...Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw The term tragic hero refers to a central character who has an authoritative status in the drama, but through a flaw in his character, brings about his demise.(Tragic Hero as Defined by Aristotle). Macbeth had many noble qualities as well as several tragic flaws. Macbeth's degeneration was caused by the prophecy of the witches, lady Macbeth's influence, and his own long time desire to be king. Macbeth's tragic flaws were his ambition and the way he was easily manipulated. The prophecies of the witches bring out Macbeth's ambitious nature. Macbeth was first established as being of great stature, the captain says “For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-/Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel”( I.ii. lines16-17). However, after hearing of the prophecy his honorable nature fades. The witches prophecies give Macbeth a sense of security and confidence but prove to be harmful for Macbeth and his interpretation of the truths. In the article “Shakespeare's Macbeth” by Mitchell Kalpakgian she states, “the witches on the heath foretell what Macbeth will gain but never disclose what he will lose or the price he will pay for acting on the insinuations of the witches who only speak half truths.”(Kalpakgian, 2013). Although it is true that Macbeth will become king it is never explained how he will obtain kingship and what kind of life he will lead as King. The witches plant the seed of murdering Duncan in Macbeth's head, but if it were only the witches...
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...conclusion, Roger and Jack’s savage ways led to substantial losses in civilization. The boys on the island were not the only things who showed degeneration of society, the speculation of the beast and obsessions with hunting/killing were both also very prominent. The assassination of the mother pig had huge significance towards the theme. “Presently he stood up, holding the dripping sow’s head in his hand” (136). During this time period females were the one’s who birthed and raised the offspring. Pregnancy was crucial in a marriage, meaning killing a sow would be forbidden. Secondly, another example is when the boys develop a gory chant. “The chant rose a tone in agony. Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!” (152). During this scene their loss of civilization hits an all time high. “Simon’s dead body moved out toward the open sea” (154). After this, the sweet Simon was no more. Lastly, was the loss of civilization through the boy’s psychological fears. “Something strange was happening to Percival. He yawned and staggered so that Jack seized and shook him. Where does the beast live?” (87). Without adults present the boys did not understand the beast was only a figure of their imagination. Ideas of the beast and hunting both demonstrated losses of civilization. Degeneration of civilization is exhibited a great deal in Lord of the Flies. Jack, the boy striving for leadership, kills and invents gory cheers to accomplish it. Next, Roger, who exhibits this by...
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...re-interpretation and transmit to posterity the wisdom of the ancients. Thus he says and I quotes; “I communicate and do not invent. I have faith in antiquity and consecrate all my efforts to its cause”. The center of Confucius teaching is the concept of Jen, which has variously translated as human-heartedness (Derk Bodde, Fung Yu-lan), that by which a man is to be a man(Chan), the virtue of perfect humanity (Wei), compassion (Lin Yutang), and man – to – manness (E.R. Hughes). Jen is that which distinguishes man from animas and all the virtues, like reciprocity, loyalty, trustworthiness and courage, are expressions of it. 2. Confucius was a great lover of tradition and have great reverence for the wisdom of the ancients 3. Confucianism liberates china from the period of socio-political upheaval and moral degeneration. This he achieved after devoting sometime to the study of...
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...[pic] Resolution of the World Health Organization After meeting in Geneva in May 2003 for the Fifty-Sixth World Health Assembly, the WHO outlined its Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, or VISION 2020 plan. The WHO urges national governments to: • Set up, not later than 2005, a national VISION 2020 plan, in partnership with the WHO and in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector. • Establish a national coordinating committee for VISION 2020 or a national blindness prevention committee, which may include consumer or patient groups, to develop and implement the plan. • Commence implementation of such plans by 2007 at the latest. • Include effective information systems with standardized indicators and periodic monitoring and evaluation, with the aim of showing a reduction in the magnitude of avoidable blindness by 2010. • Mobilize resources for eliminating avoidable blindness. In turn, the WHO agrees to: • Maintain and strengthen the WHO’s collaboration with governments and all partners of the initiative. • Ensure coordination of the implementation of the VISION 2020 plan, by setting up a monitoring committee grouping all those involved, including national government representatives. • Provide support for strengthening national capability, especially through development of human resources, to coordinate, assess, and prevent avoidable blindness...
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..."Where has Yesterday Gone" Memory loss, like old age is a condition which mankind has always reluctantly recognized and always - with resignation. Memory loses are sometimes trivial and meaningless and go unrecognized. However, when these loses are so great that a person does not know who or where they are the concerns are quite grave. Although it is realize that Alzheimer's disease destroys the brain memory function, many do not realize precisely how the memory is destroyed once one is aware of the process, it becomes faster to work forward to alleviate the destruction. "Without memory there is no knowledge to recreate or reproduce past perceptions, emotions, thoughts and actions that are so vital to live a full and functioning life. Memory is the key that unlocks doors that keep us functioning, not only mentally but physically (Corrick 32)." "Memory loss is not a sign of decay (Freedman 10)." As we get older, there is some mild impairment in our recollection of recent events, such as forgetting why one went into a room or misplacing a person's eye glasses, which even young are guilty of doing. As reported by Larry Squire, "forgetting is quite normal and usually develops in the third decade of life, and by one estimate 85 percent of the healthy elderly - those over 65--suffer some memory impairment (59)." According to Dr. Seligmann, "forgetting is the process through which information in memory becomes inaccessible, either because it is stored but is not at that time retrievable...
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