According to John M. Berry, scientists write in uncertainty. In the excerpt from The Great Influenza, Berry interprets how the general public view the scientific research. Berry’s thought of an ideal scientist is on that goes beyond their own uncertainty and finds explanations about things that were not thought of before. Berry informs his well-educated audience through expert quotes, metaphors, and rhetorical questions to categorize scientific research. To begin with, Berry wanted to capture trust from the audience. In doing so, Berry used quotes from expert scientist to prove his point. Barry declares that scientists “have the courage to accept- indeed embrace- uncertainty.” He used a quote from the French psychologist Claude Bernard to back up his own statement. Bernard stated “Science teaches us to doubt.” To gain the trust of the audience even further, Barry mentions a more famous scientist, Einstein. He pulls a quote from Einstein to further support his original statement. Einstein said that he “refused to accept his own theory until his own predictions were tested.” Barry does this to attain the audience’s trust on his own theory. Alternatively, Barry uses metaphors to reveal what scientists betake oneself through to ultimately find a conclusion, and the many questions that come with it. His extended metaphor references to the wilderness, a shovel, and a rock. Barry proclaims “a shovel can dig up dirt, but cannot penetrate rock. Would a pick be best, or would dynamite be better- or would dynamite be too indiscriminately destructive?” Barry states this to argue that scientists go through many questions when they are going through their scientific research. He later declares science as wilderness to point out that something could pop out of no where. Barry exhibits to his audience that scientist go through questioning and doubt when doing scientific