...structures or function of the heart. They can include: Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries) Coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias is a type of defect in one or more structures of the heart or Heart attack- the heart does not pump as well as it should. blood vessels that occurs before birth. Heart failure-heart's pumping power is weaker than normal Heart valve disease- heart valves do not work the way they should. Congenital heart disease - heart disease that includes abnormalities in cardiovascular structures that occur before birth. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)- the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. Pericardial disease is inflammation of any of the layers of the pericardium. The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart Aorta disease- Aneurysms can form in any blood vessel, but they occur most commonly in the aorta(aortic aneurysm). The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. and Marfan syndrome inherited disease that affects the body's connective tissue, which provides the strength, support, and elasticity to tendons, cartilage, heartvalves, blood vessels, and other vital parts of the body. Vascular disease (blood vessel disease)-any condition that affects the circulatory system. http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/diseases-cardiovascular ...
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...Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped what cellular process and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? If Josephs isn’t getting the oxygen that his cells need the mitochondria cannot produce any chemical reactions. This will cause the carbon dioxide in his body to not be removed. Glucose will start the glycolosis process due to the fact that there is no regulation. The body will also start to calcify since the calcium in his body can’t be removed (Gail W. Jenkins, 2013). C. Which intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structure? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? All the intracellular organelles have membranes excluding the ribosomes. If the membranes started to breakdown the whole cell in turn would not be capable of performing its various functions. This then would mean that none of the organelles would be able to carry out their functions (Gail W. Jenkins, 2013). D. Two important pieces of information the instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease are both contained within the cell on which structure? They are both carried out within the cell, in the DNA to be exact. The DNA is found inside the nucleus of the cell. It has the predisposition within it and also the original makeup of the heart; therefore it has the instructions within it on how to repair the heart. The cell would...
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...research had been conducted regarding heart regeneration but many findings were extremely controversial (Carvalho and de Carvalho 2010). The heart is one of the most important organs as it’s responsible for the body’s oxygen and blood supply. The human heart is divided into four chambers and is enclosed in a fluid filled sac within the chest cavity. One of the least regenerative organs in the human body is the heart but if there is a regenerative response, it is small in comparison to that of other organs such as the liver and skin (Laflamme and Murry 2011). But why can’t the heart regenerate after a heart attack compared to other organs that can is the question and the cells that makes up the tissue can explain this. The incapability of the human heart to regenerate after injury such as a heart attack (Myocardial infarction) poses a major difficulty in the cardiovascular medicine (Laflamme and Murry 2011). Heart attacks are caused by the disturbance of blood supply to parts of the heart, causing heart tissues to die, often due to the blockage of the coronary artery. The heart responds to a heart attack by scarring, which consequences in reduced cardiac function and to compensate for the reduced cardiac function, the heart then develops hypertrophy which in turn leads to heart failure (Lien et al. 2012). Marie et al. (1996) explain hypertrophy as the wall of the heart thickens in response to a heart attack, as the wall thickens the heart contracts less efficiently and pumps...
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...Cardiovascular system Main functions of the cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system transports nutrients and oxygen to all areas of the body. When the blood is travelling back to the heart, it flows through the veins. Whereas, after the blood has picked up oxygen from the lungs, it then flows away from the heart through the arteries. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels which run through the entire body. The right side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood, whereas, the left side contains oxygen rich blood. Superior vena cava - Carries deoxygenated blood into the heart from head, arms and the upper body. Inferior vena cava - Carries deoxygenated blood into the heart from the lower body. Aorta - The aorta is the main artery in the human body which carries oxygen rich blood away from the left ventricle and circulates it around the body. Pulmonary artery - The vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, carrying the blood away from the heart. Pulmonary vein - There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. These veins receive oxygenated blood from the lungs which then drain into the left atrium of the heart. Mitral valve - One of the four valves in the heart, it regulates blood flow from the left atrium (upper left chamber), into the left ventricle (lower left chamber). Aortic valve - This valve closes off the left ventricle that holds the oxygen rich blood before it is pumped out to...
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...| What is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Filtration, diffusion and secretionSquamous epithelium can be foundLines heart, blood vessels, epithelial layer of serous membranes, air sacs of lungs, glomerular, of kidneys, surface of eardrum | | What is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Secretion and absorptionCuboidal epithelium can be found surface of ovary, kidney tubules, posterior surface of retina and eye lens, smaller ducts of some glands, | | What is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Cilia move mucus and foreign particlesColumnar epithelial can be found in bronchioles, , fallopian tubes, spinal cord, brain ventricles, sinuses | | What is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining while holding fluids without rupturingTransitional epithelium can be foundUrinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra | | Where is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Strength and elasticity, supportAreolar connective is found inHypodermis in skin, around every body structure | | What is the function of this tissueWhere can this tissue be located | Reduces heat loss through the skin, energy reserve, supports and protects organAdipose connective tissue can be foundSubcutaneous layer around heart, kidneys, yellow bone marrow, padding around joints, behind eye ball socket | | What is...
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...European Journal of Echocardiography (2011) 12, 421–430 doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jeq175 REVIEW Left atrial function: physiology, assessment, and clinical implications Gustavo G. Blume 1, Christopher J. Mcleod 1, Marion E. Barnes 2, James B. Seward 1, Patricia A. Pellikka 1, Paul M. Bastiansen 1, and Teresa S.M. Tsang 2* 1 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and 2Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada Online publish-ahead-of-print 12 May 2011 The interest in the left atrium (LA) has resurged over the recent years. In the early 1980s, multiple studies were conducted to determine the normal values of LA size. Over the past decade, LA size as an imaging biomarker has been consistently shown to be a powerful predictor of outcomes, including major public health problems such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, and death. More recently, functional assessment of the LA has been shown to be, at least as, if not more robust, a marker of cardiovascular outcomes. Current available data suggest that the combined evaluation of LA size and LA function will augment prognostication. The aim of this review is to provide a critical appraisal of current echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of LA function and the implications of such assessment for prediction and disease prevention. ------------------------------------------------------------------...
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...hospital in Columbus Nebraska. Both these hospitals are smaller facilities and are acute care hospitals. The comparison of these two hospitals will be in the category of timely and effective care. First a comparison will be done on timely and effective care for heart attack care. The next comparison will be conducted on Heart failure care. The comparison will look at these two similar hospitals and assess how effective and timely the care is in these two areas and will also compare them to the national average. The first subcategory to compare will be “Outpatients with chest pain or a possible heart attack who received aspirin within the first twenty four hours of arrival or before transferring from emergency department (medicare.gov). This is an important measure to look at as there is evidence based practice and studies that indicate patients who received aspirin within 24 hours of a heart attack had 23% reeducation in vascular death then those patients who did not receive the aspirin (Maxwell, 1999). This is correlated to a decrease in death by 25 per every 1000 (Maxwell, 1999). In this category, Platte Valley Medical Center administered aspirin to 100% of all patients within 24 hours of symptoms of possible heart...
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...There are many parts to a human heart. Each structure of the heart has a different function and a different location. The hearts size is the about the size of a human fist. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and brings it to the lungs to get oxygenated and then pumps it into the various arteries. The heart is in a fluid filled cavity called the pericardial cavity. The walls and the lining of the heart are membranes which are called pericardium. Its function is to lubricate the heart and to prevent friction between the heart and the other organs of the human body. It has two layers, a visceral layer that covers the outside of the heart and a parietal layer that creates a sac on the outside of the pericardial cavity. The heart wall has three layers. The first outer layer is called the Epicardium. It is the thin layer that helps lubricate and protect the outside of the heart. The muscular middle layer of the heart is called the Myocardium. Its function is to pump the blood. The third layer that lines the inside of the heart is called the Endocardium. Its responsibility is to keep blood from sticking to the inside of the heart which could form blood clots. The heart has four chambers. Those chambers include the right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle, and the left ventricle. The atria are smaller, and the walls are less muscular and thinner. They are connected to the veins because they are the receiving chambers...
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...Their function is to filter warm and moistened air and conduct it into the lungs. The respiratory system contributes to homeostasis (highly complex interactions to maintain balance) (Wiki) by providing for the exchange of gases, - oxygen and carbon dioxide, - between the atmospheric air, blood and tissue cells..It also helps to adjust the Ph of body fluids. Your body cells continually use oxygen (O2) for the metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules. At the same time these reactions release carbon dioxide (CO2). Because an excessive amount of co2 produces acidity that can be toxic to cells excess co2 must be eliminated quickly and efficiently (Tortora & Derrickson, 2006). What is the cardiovascular system? The heart is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system It is a beating muscle that continually pumps blood to the rest of the body. (Tortora & Derrickson 2006)Oxygenated blood, which is pumped through the body via the arteries, supplies the body's tissues with oxygen that they need to live. Blood in the arteries is under high pressure; however, which could damage the tissue, so this oxygenated blood first needs to go to the capillaries, which are very small and low-pressure blood vessels that are responsible for supplying the oxygenated blood to the tissues. . Once the capillaries have delivered their oxygen, they also absorb excess carbon dioxide into the blood and then deliver it to the veins, which then supply the blood back to the heart. (Cloe...
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...Berlin Heart and its effects When a child has been determined to need a heart transplant, doctors give the parents all available options to better the child’s survival rate. The most recent common options are the Berlin Heart and ECMO. Even though both seem to provide the same result, medically they are extremely different and can provide a wide range of different results. Parents who are force to make these decisions, tend to question the effects that the two would have on their child. Whether it is the physical, emotional or the overall health effects, the decision is still a hard one to make. With the clock ticking and a life in the hands of medicine, the decision has to be reached immediately. The Berlin Heart is an external device that helps the right ventricle of the heart pump blood to the body. With surgery, Doctors implant tubes to both the left and right ventricle of the heart. These tubes are connected to the Berlin Heart and Pump to assist with the flow of blood and oxygen to both the lungs and heart. See below diagram [pic]Figure 1. 1. The deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the right atrium. ( Red Line) 2. Since the right ventricle can not pump blood into the lungs, the blood goes into the Berlin Heart (yellow circle). 3. The blood is pumped out of the Berlin Heart and goes into the pulmonary artery (Purple Line) and into the lungs. 4. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it flows into the left atrium of the heart. (Brown Line) ...
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...Health Mental Health Cosmetic Care Health Tips Fitness . Parts of the Brain; Function Most people believe that it is better to follow the heart than to listen to the brain. Though they refer to the heart as an organ of feelings and the brain as an organ of conscience that helps distinguish right from wrong but the truth is the heart is just a pumping organ and the brain does all the work, the feeling, thinking, and making of decisions. This article will discuss further the different parts of the brain and their function: How does the brain work? The Human Brain: How does the brain work? The brain is the center of the human nervous system. The average size of an adult brain is 5.5 inches in width, 3.6 inches in height, and 6.5 in inches length. The human brain is composed of 78% water, 12% lipids, and the other 10% consists of protein, carbohydrates, insoluble salts, and soluble organics. The human brain performs a number of tasks of coordination, control, and regulation. • The brain controls the body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. • It accepts all sorts of information from each of the different senses • It controls a human body’s physical motion. • It’s responsible for dreaming, thinking, decision making, reasoning, and feeling of emotions. Parts of the Brain and their Function The human brain is a very complex organ. The brain has three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and...
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...features that work together to ensure it functions as it should, and ensure it stays healthy. This includes regulating heat, transporting nutrients and fighting of foreign bacteria that may cause harm. These features also include assisting with the body’s voluntary movement and the sending of signals throughout the body that allow these functions to occur. The Cell The main function of the cell includes both transporting different materials used throughout the body. Cells are used in...
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...A Closer Look at the Heart The human body is the world’s greatest inventions. There are many organs, glands, systems and more that contribute to the magnitude of greatness of the body, although the heart can arguably be the most vital and important to the body. The heart is a very intricate organ by the way the organ is structured, what the organ does, how the organ does it, and even the different diseases that can plague the heart. In addition to being most paramount structure in the body, the heart has a vast basis of research that is continually finding new discoveries and technology for it. Despite being a major contributor to human body functioning giving the heart an extraordinary complexity, if one analyzes different parts of the organ at a time then it gives the organ a more subtle simplicity. The heart has roughly the size of ones fist, giving it a mass between 250 and 350 grams. This organ is situated snugly between the lungs, but it is more orientated to the left lung. “It rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm, the heart lies anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum” (Marieb). Regardless of all the protection the heart receives from the skeleton surrounding it, the organ also has “double-walled sac called the pericardium” (Marieb). The three major functions of the pericardium is to protect the heart, securing itself to neighboring structures, and lastly to prevent to the heart to over accumulate blood. Deeper into the pericardium, there...
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...3 Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well. Carotid artery The function of this carotid artery is that it carries blood away from the heart. The arteries are made up from blood vessels and these supply blood to the head neck and brain. The artery is on each side of the neck, left and right. Each carotid artery branches into internal and external vessels near the top of the thyroid. The only important function that the carotid artery has is to carry the blood to the head, neck and brain to supply it with blood. The right hand side and left side carotid arteries both link off. The right side is known as the internal carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain and the eyes. The left side of the carotid artery supplies blood to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear and scalp. They both have different jobs where they have to supply blood too, both these jobs are important to supply the top half of our body with blood. Subclavian arteries the Subclavian arteries carry blood away from the heart. Subclavian arteries are both on the right and left side of the body. The right Subclavian artery extends from the brachiocephalic...
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...Bodily Systems and the Spatial-Functional Structure of the Human Body Barry Smith, PhD1,2, Igor Papakin1, Katherine Munn1 1Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. The human body as conceived by medical science is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. These are subdivded into many subsystems at a variety of levels whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with other systems and subsystems. In this essay we offer an explicit definition of bodily system, and explicit means for understanding these causal interactions. Whereas informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will define bodily system, and will take some first steps toward understanding the causal relationships bodily systems have with their subsystems. 1. Introduction Ontology plays an increasingly significant role in work on terminology and knowledge management systems in the domain of biomedical informatics, and we hold that it will play an essential role in biomedical research of the future. The term ‘ontology’ must, however, be understood in the right way [1]. The dominant paradigm might be referred to as ‘applications...
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