...Resettlement has been an important element in prison life throughout England and Wales for many years. It is when “prisoners and their families receive assistance and support from the prison and probation services and voluntary agencies to help them prepare for life after prison” (Justice, 2002). The objective is to hopefully lead prisoners towards recidivism, which will hopefully return ex-offenders to normal life, employment and housing. Criminological and social research done by Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) identified the following factors to be what influenced reoffending. These are; education, employment, drug and alcohol misuse, mental and physical health, housing, financial support, debt and family networks. The aim of this essay is to...
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...everyone would be fighting to have killers killed the same way they killed their victim. This violates so many morals and ethics, not to mention the Eighth Amendment. I just think that Montesquieu’s position fits mine almost perfectly, while the others are way off base. I think that currently, the consistency and transparency of the punishments to some crimes is off. For example, plea deals are taken into account to let them off easier than others are getting. I understand cooperation. I understand the want for bigger fish, so to speak, in the event that law enforcement is going after a mob boss, terrorist, or other major player. However, I do not understand some people getting 53 years in prison for theft in California on their fourth offense and someone else getting a much lesser sentence in another state. I get that state laws take precedent and the states have the right to make their own laws. This is why some states have adopted the three strikes laws while most others haven’t. However, I still think the sentencing should be transparent and direct. If the punishment is...
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...As time changes so does the laws for the United States and a critical debate the supreme court has to face. By abolishing mandatory life in prison for juveniles who commit serious degree murder. Now these are reasons why I agree with abolishing this system of juveniles life sentences without parole. I believe these youngadolescents commit crimes because of their environment, the tech/media and the brain not being fully developed. Totally agree with the majority of supreme Court to abolish mandatory life in prison for juveniles who commit murder. The reason why is because many of these young adolescents struggle with life while growing up through their early teenage years. Their actions are what clearly signifies the consequences they commit....
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...Prison Overcrowding in the US Name: Institutional Affiliation: Prison Overcrowding in the US Introduction Prison overcrowding in the US is a serious problem that has remained elusive for many decades. The problem of prison overcrowding emerged since the invention of prison as correctional facilities in the 19th century and until now; it is still troubling the authorities. Overcrowding in modern prisons is multidimensional problem. Various reasons are blamed for the challenge but they significantly differ from one nation to the other. Causes of prison overcrowding are not limited to the bounds of criminal justice but stretch to other facets of authorities including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes...
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...considered one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world boasts the highest “rehabilitation” rate in the world. The staggering part remains that not only do we have the highest prison population but our incarceration rate continues to grow as our creativity or desire to solve this problem continues to stagnate. One of the major issues when researching incarceration rates is the obvious elevated rate of young African-American males that are sentenced. While the percentage of African-American incarcerated males is extremely high the length of their sentences are shockingly elevated compared to the majority of population in the United States. “One in every nine African-American males aged 25-29 were in prison or jail in 2009, compared to one in twenty-seven Latino males and one in sixty white males in the same age group, according to the Sentencing Project”. ("State of Young America," 2009, para. 11) The question currently being dealt with in the United States is how do we accommodate all of these prisoners? Our countries answer has been quite simple, to build more prisons or as some would sugarcoat it, “rehabilitation facilities”. The correct question we should be asking is, why we have so many African-American prisoners, and why do they keep returning to prisons soon after release. These are supposed to be considered rehabilitation facilities? Exactly what is the goal for preparing these prisoners upon release? In looking for trends one would look no...
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... June 6, 2013 Prison Rehabilitation Prison rehabilitation are programs that inmates are put through in order to try and change their way of thinking and behavior pattern so that they are able to function without criminal activities once they are released back into the community. These programs may consist of counseling for drug and substance abusers as well. Rehabilitation programs are considered essential in reducing the number of repeat offenders. Criminal rehabilitation is also thought to help in reducing the issues of prisons being over crowded. The more inmates that are able to take advantage of the resources that are given to them the less likely they are to return back to prison. While most individuals will argue that those who break the law deserve what sentence they are given, offering rehabilitation is not only beneficial for the community but society as well. Unless these inmates are given a life sentence it is imperative that they receive some forms of rehab in order to maintain a normal life style that doesn’t affect the community in a negative way. Rehabilitation techniques vary according to the nature of the offender, the type of offence they may have committed, and the institution in which they have been sentenced to. Techniques vary from educational and vocational training to help the offender learn a skill for use outside the prison, to psychological rehabilitation, dealing with various problems the individual...
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... kermit the frog CJA-234 Rehabilitation in prison it is a part of a process of bettering offenders and preventing them from further criminal activity and behavior. The goal of rehabilitation is to re-shape the individuals and prepare them to enter the society with a different state of mind and start a new distant from the crime life.” In modern penology, the real purpose of sending criminals to prison is to transform them into honest and law abiding citizens by inculcating in them distaste for crime and criminality” (US-China Law Review; Mar2010, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p15-29, 15p). In United States of America the correction system provides many programs that are designed in order to rehabilitate inmates. Some of those programs include religion related services like Bible study groups or religious congregations. The other forms can include art crafts, sports, found raising activities or prison work assignments. For those offenders that are struggling with addictions, there are drug and alcohol treatment programs that offer anonymous group meetings. Also, definitely as a one of very supportive programs is visitation with family and nonfamily outsiders. Parole it is a supervision that offender receives after being released from the prison. It is a similar to probation method of supervision when it comes to its conditions. Just like on probation, while on parole the convict has to obey...
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...Prisons are popular in modern society because they relieve people of the responsibility of fixing the underlying issues affecting communities. Society also advocates for prisons because they physically separate the victims from the offenders. However, building more prisons does not make society safer because incarceration has high recidivism rates. Prison abolition is an example of an Afrocentric restorative and transformative justice approach because society needs radical transformations in order to address the severe social and racial problems that exist. In order for prison abolition to be successful there needs to be a gradual shift to a transformative justice approach. Firstly, specific information about Canadian racist practices must be gathered. For example the UN Special Rapporteur encouraged Canada to conduct a study to find the root causes of the overrepresentation of Africans in Nova Scotia prisons. Secondly, restorative justice should be used because “it seeks to restore the social equality in relationships that have been harmed by wrongdoing”. Courts should offer alternatives to prison such as victim- offender mediation, increased entry into mental health facilities and increased entry into drug treatment programs. Additionally, society must develop healing programs that aim...
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...This film is about when Andy Dufresne an innocent banker, is sent to prison for a double life sentence. He makes friends while inside, his closest friend becoming Ellis Boyd Redding or ‘Red’ as his friends call him. Andy suffers with quiet dignity. To keep this under control, he continues with his favorite hobby, which just so happens to be geology. After 20 years of his sentence, he becomes the first prisoner to ever escape from Shawshank. Also he manages to have the Warden found out for all of his crimes. There are three main characters in this film. The first is Andy Dufresne. He starts off as being the newbie who is thought to be the weakest of the bunch but turns out actually to be one of, if not the strongest characters in the film. Andy adds tension because the audience expects him to act like the new guy. When it turns out he didn’t it, a whole new impact is put on the film. The second is Red. Not only is he the narrator of the film but he is the leader of the group. He appears as clever because he is the person who can ‘get stuff’ from the outside. Red adds tension because when the audience is looking from the narrator’s point of view, they are also looking from the view of Red, Andy’s friend. When Red is worried, scared, or upset, so is the audience The narration is spoke by Red. He has been in prison for a lot longer than Andy; therefore he presumes that he knows what will happen because he has seen it all before. His predictions conflict with what happens. Again...
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...Physical, Dynamic and Procedural Security Considerations in a Custodial Environment Physical Security Cells: Cells are essential for the effective security of a prison as they are used for the accommodation of inmates. This is where a prisoner place will spend most of their time during their time in prison. Work, education, rehabilitation programmes, visits or exercise and recreational time are the only times that an inmate can leave their cells. . In some cases an inmate may only leave their cell for a short period of time over a 24 hour period. Inmates’ cells are often checked daily as part of a routine and searches are put in place to ensure high levels of security and safety are upheld. <> Prison Officers: Prison officers have a critical role in physical security as they will have the job of patrolling the prison and surrounding areas to ensure that they are secure. They will also guard critical areas such as the main entrance and cell blocks. Throughout the day and night they will conduct routine checks of all security areas - some will be frequently checked whilst others will be checked when necessary. They will also have the role of responding quickly to alarms or calls for backup from colleagues well as questioning and reporting suspicious behavior. Search Area: The search area will cover the whole prison, however some areas will be searched on a regular basis (routine) whilst other areas will be checked when security concerns or information available suggests...
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...used their expertise in narrowing down suspects, when finally they received a bunch of hits on the ransom money. The dedication of the police force finally prevailed in the arresting of Bruno Richard Hauptman. Hauptman was indicted in September 1934, on charges for extortion, and again in October 1934 for murder. The courts took over and his trial began January 3rd, 1935 and lasted five weeks. The case was built on circumstantial evidence such as handwritten ransom notes found, and the clear match between samples of his handwriting and the handwriting found on the original ransom notes. On February 13, 1935, the jury found Hauptman guilty of first degree murder, his sentence was death. It took a little over an entire year for the sentence to be carried out, during that time he spent his last year inside of prison walls. Later in the year of 1935 he tried to make an appeal...
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...female incarceration rates, growing 832% from 1977 to 2007 with an astounding 4% of women in state prisons and 3% of women in federal prisons pregnant at the time of admittance (Women’s Prison Association 4). Lives are at stake. Every court decision, every judgment cast, effects more than just the individual involved. The future is dependent on how society treats the present. In order to combat the crisis, it is vital to understand its origins and its impact; from this understanding, alternatives that consider the health and well being of all involved can be formulated and delivered. The United States has less than 5% of the world’s population, but boasts the overwhelming figure of almost a quarter of the world’s prisoners (Liptak 1). With nearly 2.3 million bars, one in 100 American adults is locked up. “Criminologists and legal experts here and abroad point to a tangle of factors to explain America's extraordinary incarceration rate: higher levels of violent crime, harsher sentencing laws, a legacy of racial turmoil, a special fervor in combating illegal drugs, the American temperament, and the lack of a social safety net” (Liptak 1). Another crucial point is that U.S. sentences are longer and more harsh than the rest of the industrialized world. This is devastatingly true, especially in regards to the drug war. The shocking rise in the feminization of the U.S. prison system is linked to the punishments for non-violent offenses. The Women’s...
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... Wendell Wrice English 122 English Composition II Prof. Deborah Zeringue October 7, 2013 For many Americans the scales of justice is blind. It stands as a symbol that everyone is treated fairly in the eyes of the law. Many Americans, especially minorities this is simply not the case. In fact the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the entire world-five times the world’s average. A total of 2,380,000 are now in prison. The US has five percent of the world’s population, but 25 percent of the world’s prison population (Fisher, 2010).In fact minorities make up a large share of the prison population in the U.S. African Americans have a 32 percent chance of serving time in prison at some point of time in their lives, Hispanic males have a 17 percent chance, while white males a 6 percent chance (Fisher, 2010) . Such disproportions of incarceration rates gives reason to believe that minorities, especially African Americans commit the majority of crimes requiring incarceration or the fact that our justice system is flawed to the point where it singles out a specific racial or ethnic group. The question of why there are so many minorities especially African Americans being held in our criminal justice system leads one to question? Are African Americans predisposed to commit criminal actions...
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...leave prison. They see prisoners as a lost cause therefore they do not wish to waste their time on them. They criticise other theories for being too soft on criminals, especially the left realists. Right realism tends to focus on the solutions to crime, rather than the causes. Right realists reject marxist views that crime is caused by poverty and exploitation of the working class. In 'thinking about crime' (1975) wilson argues that an individual will commit crime if the reward outweighs the punishment. Wilson also argues that harsher punishments and more visible policing would have a positive impact on crime rates. However, despite these efforts, there are still flaws in how crime is dealt with according to right realists. Providing alternative benefits, such as giving methadone to drug addicts proves to be pointless as the individual then becomes addicted to methadone and therefore still has a drug addiction. Wilson argues that we must keep communities strong so that the criminals will feel ashamed due to society being disgraced at them. Kelling and wilson 1982 argue a concept called the broken windows thesis. They argue that in order to prevent the collapse of communities, it is crucial that agencies act swiftly to stamp out any signs of disintegration. The theory argues that signs of decay e.g. litter, broken windows, graffiti are all signs of public disinterest and the area will soon be totally criminalised, and will therefore be a lost cause. Real life examples...
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...today’s society, which is causing kids to have to go to more extremes to be deviant and thus resulting in more severe reactions to this behavior. The cause of juvenile violence is frequently related to one of two things; the child was exposed to violence when they were young or they are trying to fit into a deviant crowd. In 2008 approximately 10% of the children under 18 had been injured in an assault, 46% had been assaulted and 60% had been exposed to violence and/or crime. (Crime Solutions) Children who have been exposed to violence when they were young are more likely to commit crime when they are older. Children who were younger than 12 when they were exposed to the violence or crime are the most likely to commit crimes later in life. (United States Department of Justice) Children who face violence at home are also more likely to become a runaway, which makes it much easier to run into the wrong crowd. There is an increasing amount of children in abusive homes who end up trying to become vigilantes towards the abuser in order to make the abuse stop. A majority of female offenders had been either physically or sexually abused during their childhood. The second main cause of childhood crimes is the group in which the kid is trying to fit into. Kids in rougher neighborhoods may join gangs for protection and thus are exposed to crime and required to prove that they are worthy of the gang’s help. In 2011 an estimated 48% of violent...
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