...Police Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great Britain and adapted by America. The first ideal people to do the policing were healthy young boys and men that had come over with the Europeans on the first ships to venture to America (Trojanowicz, R. C., 1991). The main reason was to protect themselves from the natives who did not want to share their land. The natives, in time, became more settled and the two groups were able to live more successfully together. Policing became one of the primary duties of the Justices of the Peace. Evolution soon took hold of the colonies and they became cities and towns. This made it more of a priority to organize forms of law enforcement. In 1636, “The Night Watch” was born and it was to be a productive way to control the actions and criminal activities of the area of Boston. New York took the idea in 1651 and created the “Shout and Rattle Watch.” There was success and failures in both cities but Philadelphia felt that policing could be more productive is the area was divided and assigned to small...
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...Community policing abroad has been popular, especially in democratic countries. The police from more democratic nations preferred community policing more than zero tolerance (Lum, 2009). The similarities that community policing share with democracy are citizen authorization, power citizens have to contest the police such as citizen review boards, complaint processes, media complaints, serving the people. It takes 10-15 years for full implementation of community policing (Trojanowicz, & Bucqueroux, 1992). South Korea has recently hit this 15 year mark which makes it a prime country to study (Kang et al, 2014). South Korea is a country that has implemented community policing. Community policing was introduced in Korea during the Grand Reform...
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...Community policing brings police work into a domain traditionally policing units and charging them with improving the quality of life in low and moderate income neighborhoods. Community policing is “a policing philosophy that promotes and supports organizational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and police-community partnerships.” The main focus of community policing is on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement and partnerships. After surveying residents of the community our team has new and improved strategies that will better the community policing and keeps our streets safer. What is community oriented policing and what does it ask of the police officers of today? There is no one commonly recognized definition of community policing, and there is a cautious tendency to label anything and everything as community policing. However, a good working definition would be "a department-wide philosophy of full-service, personalized and decentralized policing, where citizens feel empowered to work in proactive partnerships with the police at solving the problems of crime, fear of crime, disorder, decay, and quality of life. Community policing broadens the nature and number of police functions compared with traditional policing. It emphasizes organizational...
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...have run rampant through the media in recent years. One of the most notable instances of the impact of poor police-community relations is the result of stop-and-frisk efforts in New York City. According to an article in the New York Daily News, in some neighborhoods in New York City approximately 9 in 10 people do not trust the police as a result of police contact (Durkin, 2013). While this distrust is believed to be linked to stop and frisk, it also stems from an overall distrust for the entity, especially in crime-ridded neighborhoods that are primarily comprised of minorities. In this paper I will analyze the issue of public distrust of law enforcement by determining how it occurs, its effects...
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...Police History In the infancy of policing the early colonists followed the English style of policing; monitoring the community on behaviors, moral, and civil obligations rather than criminal issues. Citizens performed these policing duties and were referred to as a civic duty, no training or pay was offered for these services. The wealthy citizens that did not want to serve their watch began to pay others to do their duty for them. Philadelphia began to offer monetary compensation for the citizens in 1658 for their service and jail wardens began to employ watchmen and increased their responsibilities and offered a salary. As villages and towns began to form crime increased and the need for motoring the citizens became a priority, colonies began to develop a system of sheriffs similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. These sheriffs and constables patrolled the community for approved religious attendance and proper animal’s restraints on farms. They also collected taxes and served court papers for a fee. They were not too worried about crimes being committed In the 1840’s policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime. Guidelines improved relations between the community and the newly established police officers. The community thought that the police officers should wear a uniform to distinguish them from the citizens. As society and the economy began to change crime increased and the need to establish...
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...Running Head: Traditional versus Contemporary Policing. Traditional versus Contemporary Policing Name: Course Title: Instructor’s Name: Institution: Date: Traditional versus Contemporary Policing The police force is a law enforcement agency that is mandated to enforce law by the state. Its main purpose is to prevent civil disorder and protect individuals as well as public and private property. The force has permission to use force where necessary. These forces form separate entities from the military and other forces charged with protecting states against foreign aggression. However, it has to be noted that such forces also have internal policing units too, such as the military police-which polices both the military and civilians. Law enforcement is not the only exclusive policing activity. The police are also involved in many other community service activities under various circumstances, but the most common ones are related to law and order preservation (Paynich, Russell & Cosner, 2005). The police force has evolved through time and most of its early policing techniques (traditional policing) have been found to be unreliable, and as a result contemporary policing methods (proactive policing techniques) have taken over the policing process. Traditionally, officers from the police have tried to reduce and prevent crime through making visible patrols, responding to crimes when they occur, making arrests as well as subsequent criminal investigations...
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...Police Influence on Society Andrea Cole CJA 344 September 14, 2015 Professor Brian Bugge . How the historical development of policing in the United States relates to the current relationship between police and different ethnic groups and social classes. Policing in the United States has grown tremendously, so much so that it is the largest most visible portion of the criminal justice process. Throughout its history, this country’s law enforcement system continues to change and advance. However with change and growth comes conflict, distrust, brutality and animosity between law enforcement, the many different ethnic groups and social classes that make up society. Notably the most well know volatile relationship is between the police and African Americans. The aim of this paper is not only to recount the historical development of policing in the United States, but how it relates to the current relationship between law enforcement, different ethnic groups and social classes. Sir Robert Peel of England founded the first modern police department, the Metropolitan Police of London. Before the Metropolitan Police became active every capable person was charged with the responsibility of contributing to the policing of their community. Because of this society was more trusting of the police. In essence it was community policing and neighbors looked out for one another. The relationship between the policing organization and the...
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... Abstract Community policing is a new idea that has been introduced to law enforcement. The program is federally funded and was created with the intentions of providing citizens the opportunity to work collectively along side with the police to diminish fear and crimes within communities. By examining police departments within the Unites States which has implemented community policing programs, a determination of whether there has been a positive or negative change can be concluded. Community policing, when implemented and organized properly is the ideal situation for police departments and the communities to build an alliance against crime. Community Policing Foot patrol or walking the beat are the many terms used to represent community policing. This community relationship has been a subject of discussion and research since the early 1900’s and still is today (Trojanowicz ,1986). Community policing was established with the idea of local law enforcement and the community working collectively, focusing on reducing and eventually preventing crime and social disorder. The strategy is to achieve a more valuable and proficient crime control, reduce terror of crime and improve quality of life. Community policing also helps the police gain the trust and cooperation of the community by having a strong presence in the area. Most importantly, community policing helps to empower the community and prevent it from being overwhelmed...
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...Ethnicity and the Police The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion of the police a slippery task to measure. With that being said, many perceptions of the police exist. These perceptions range from police misconduct to police corruption. However, for the purposes of this article, one will examine the perceptions of police misconduct in the United States and the factors that influence these perceptions. Through research, one was able to determine that citizens believe there are four types of police misconduct – verbal abuse, excessive force, unwarranted stops, and corruptions. However, to save on time, one will The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion of the police a slippery task to measure. With that being said, many perceptions of the police exist. These perceptions range from police misconduct to police corruption. However, for the purposes of this article, one will examine the perceptions of police misconduct in the United States and the factors that influence these perceptions. Through research, one was able to determine that...
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...Police Influence on Society Stephen Hellman CJA.344 March 31, 2015 Germaine Moore Police Influence on Society In this paper there will be a discussion over the historical development of policing in the United States. Overall what the relationship is like between the police officers and the different ethnic groups and social classes. This paper will be covering the law enforcement practices that have been used in the past and at present times towards the groups and classes of people. It will also cover the three different era’s that took place in the policing history. It will give examples towards the way minorities were treated in past. The political era of policing was characterized by officers as an intimate relationship with the community and the police force was influenced heavily by politics (Robert McNamara and Ronald Burns, 2009). During the political era of policing there were race riots and racial controversy in major cities like Philadelphia and Boston. During this period police officers were not formally trained on how to deal with unruly citizens and would choose violence to get the point across. During the reform era police officer were dealing with a lot of riots and outburst that were racially motivated. One incidence started when and off duty police officer in 1964, shot and killed a black teenage boy. This caused a tension between the white officers and the black community. The police officers were considered the enemy in many cases. Racial...
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...federal and state policy system, and because of this America has strong police history. When policing first began, colonists pursued the English style of policing. English style of policing consisted of monitoring the community on behaviors, morals, and civil obligations instead of criminal issues. Citizens carried out these policing responsibilities and were referred to as civic duties. There was no training or pay offered for these services. Wealthier people who didn't want to serve began to pay others to do their duties for them. Policing has continued to change in a positive way for America. (NY Region, 2014) In 1658 Philadelphia offered compensation for citizens for their service, and wardens employed watchmen. Watchmen's responsibilities were increased, and they were offered a salary as well. Motoring became a priority when towns and villages were formed and crime increased. Colonies began a system of sheriff's similar to the traditional policing in the English countryside. The sheriff's patrolled the community, and they also collected taxes and served court papers for a small fee. These sheriff's weren't too worried about crime being committed. (Davis, 2009) As time went on, policing focused more on crime prevention rather than crime detection and punishment for the crime that was committed. In the 1840's, guidelines improved relations between the community and the law enforcement officers. People thought that law enforcement officers should wear uniforms...
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...constructed by Sir Robert Peel, and his statement of, “the people are the police, and the police are people” (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Robert Peel perceived that officers did not need to encroach into citizens lives when preventing criminal activity in communities. Peel created the principles that attributed to Community policing for crime prevention like neighborhood watch, and social institution programs for youth (Johnson, & Wolfe, 2003). Community –policing also invests and synchronize in the promotion of processions, problem solving, militia-cultural competency, analysis of problems, alleviations, interconnections, resolutions for conflicts, and initiative identification. Disorder and criminal acts were the primary mission that Peel constructed as part of his principles which are; 1.) The first principle suggests officers need to be trained as military soldiers, for the purpose of staying organized and efficient while patrolling communities. Officers need to interact with outside sources for criminal activity as tips, and never engage in police brutality, but work with the community for a sense of stability. 2.) The second principle suggest officers are directed from government state and federal laws influence, if a witness wants to provide information on a case, the documentation must be noted, whether the officer is in agreement or not with it. 3.) The third principle suggests that if there is no...
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... In today’s society the world relies heavily on policing within their community’ citizens around the world want to feel safe, some as they walk the streets during the day and others while they sleep in their beds at night. Once upon a time citizens felt a great deal safer than they do today. People were not afraid to leave their homes and take strolls through the neighborhood at night, whenever they felt like walking to get some fresh air, thanks to the police. The policing throughout the city and in the neighborhood s made citizens feel safe, people were not afraid to leave their homes and sit outside on their front porches. However, as time began to change the world, policing changed as well. In this paper this author will evaluate the past, present and future trends in the interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society which involves policing in the United States of America. Sometimes it’s better to let the things in the past, stay in the past but not when it comes to policing, back in the late 1800s and early 1900s police made people feel safe within their community. Police officers would walk the streets patrolling the neighborhood, standing on street corners talking to the neighbors in the community and actually getting to know the people who they help protect. That was when citizens and police officers...
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...Jeff Crowe Policing and Society Dr. Greenleaf March 6, 2015 Question 1 The broken windows theory in policing has changed the way many law enforcement agencies, along with the officers within them, have to look at crime. Police have always responded to crime, that is the belief and that has always been their job. What happens, though, when provided with an idea that expresses that crime can be more preventative just by looking at and involving the community to participate? Policing traditionally has always been a response unit, providing its’ service after the fact (after a crime has happened). The broken windows theory counters that traditional style by looking outside of the traditional criminal justice system to see how crime is generated and solutions to fix and prevent it (Trojanowics, 1994). The broken windows theory has views closely related to community policing: The quality of life, as the ultimate goal of policing (Carter & Sapp 1994; Joseph 1994; Kelling and Coles 1996; Skogan 1990; Trojanowics 1994). This type of policing has broadened the goal to assist communities to maintain a safe environment where basic institutions (families, schools, churches, commerce) can effectively operate and thrive within the community (Kelling and Coles 1996). Apprehending criminals is no longer the only focus among law enforcement. Police and their agencies must now adapt to look at what needs to be done to maintain the quality of life in communities as well as alleviate...
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...In today’s society the world relies heavily on policing within their community’ citizens around the world want to feel safe, some as they walk the streets during the day and others while they sleep in their beds at night. Once upon a time citizens felt a great deal safer than they do today. People were not afraid to leave their homes and take strolls through the neighborhood at night, whenever they felt like walking to get some fresh air, thanks to the police. The policing throughout the city and in the neighborhood s made citizens feel safe, people were not afraid to leave their homes and sit outside on their front porches. However, as time began to change the world, policing changed as well. In this paper this author will evaluate the past, present and future trends in the interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society which involves policing in the United States of America. Past Trends Sometimes it’s better to let the things in the past, stay in the past but not when it comes to policing, back in the late 1800s and early 1900s police made people feel safe within their community. Police officers would walk the streets patrolling the neighborhood, standing on street corners talking to the neighbors in the community and actually getting to know the people who they help protect. That was when citizens and police officers actually knew each other on a first name basis...
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