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The Island of the Fay

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The Island of the Fay by Edgar Allan Poe Nullus enim locus sine genio est. (No place is without its genius.) -- Servius.
"LA MUSIQUE," says Marmontel, in those "Contes Moraux"* which in all our translations, we have insisted upon calling "Moral Tales," as if in mockery of their spirit -- "la musique est le seul des talents qui jouissent de lui-meme; tous les autres veulent des temoins." He here confounds the pleasure derivable from sweet sounds with the capacity for creating them. No more than any other talent, is that for music susceptible of complete enjoyment, where there is no second party to appreciate its exercise. And it is only in common with other talents that it produces effects which may be fully enjoyed in solitude. The idea which the raconteur has either failed to entertain clearly, or has sacrificed in its expression to his national love of point, is, doubtless, the very tenable one that the higher order of music is the most thoroughly estimated when we are exclusively alone. The proposition, in this form, will be admitted at once by those who love the lyre for its own sake, and for its spiritual uses. But there is one pleasure still within the reach of fallen mortality and perhaps only one -- which owes even more than does music to the accessory sentiment of seclusion. I mean the happiness experienced in the contemplation of natural scenery. In truth, the man who would behold aright the glory of God upon earth must in solitude behold that glory. To me, at least, the presence -- not of human life only, but of life in any other form than that of the green things which grow upon the soil and are voiceless -- is a stain upon the landscape -- is at war with the genius of the scene. I love, indeed, to regard the dark valleys, and the gray rocks, and the waters that silently smile, and the forests that sigh in uneasy slumbers, and the proud watchful mountains that look down upon all, -- I love to regard these as themselves but the colossal members of one vast animate and sentient whole -- a whole whose form (that of the sphere) is the most perfect and most inclusive of all; whose path is among associate planets; whose meek handmaiden is the moon, whose mediate sovereign is the sun; whose life is eternity, whose thought is that of a God; whose enjoyment is knowledge; whose destinies are lost in immensity, whose cognizance of ourselves is akin with our own cognizance of the animalculae which infest the brain -- a being which we, in consequence, regard as purely inanimate and material much in the same manner as these animalculae must thus regard us.
* Moraux is here derived from moeurs, and its meaning is "fashionable" or more strictly "of manners."
Our telescopes and our mathematical investigations assure us on every hand -- notwithstanding the cant of the more ignorant of the priesthood -- that space, and therefore that bulk, is an important consideration in the eyes of the Almighty. The cycles in which the stars move are those best adapted for the evolution, without collision, of the greatest possible number of bodies. The forms of those bodies are accurately such as, within a given surface, to include the greatest possible amount of matter; -- while the surfaces themselves are so disposed as to accommodate a denser population than could be accommodated on the same surfaces otherwise arranged. Nor is it any argument against bulk being an object with God, that space itself is infinite; for there may be an infinity of matter to fill it. And since we see clearly that the endowment of matter with vitality is a principle -- indeed, as far as our judgments extend, the leading principle in the operations of Deity, -- it is scarcely logical to imagine it confined to the regions of the minute, where we daily trace it, and not extending to those of the august. As we find cycle within cycle without end, -- yet all revolving around one far-distant centre which is the God-head, may we not analogically suppose in the same manner, life within life, the less within the greater, and all within the Spirit Divine? In short, we are madly erring, through self-esteem, in believing man, in either his temporal or future destinies, to be of more moment in the universe than that vast "clod of the valley" which he tills and contemns, and to which he denies a soul for no more profound reason than that he does not behold it in operation.*
* Speaking of the tides, Pomponius Mela, in his treatise "De Situ Orbis," says "either the world is a great animal, or" etc.
These fancies, and such as these, have always given to my meditations among the mountains and the forests, by the rivers and the ocean, a tinge of what the everyday world would not fail to term fantastic. My wanderings amid such scenes have been many, and far-searching, and often solitary; and the interest with which I have strayed through many a dim, deep valley, or gazed into the reflected Heaven of many a bright lake, has been an interest greatly deepened by the thought that I have strayed and gazed alone. What flippant Frenchman was it who said in allusion to the well-known work of Zimmerman, that, "la solitude est une belle chose; mais il faut quelqu'un pour vous dire que la solitude est une belle chose?" The epigram cannot be gainsayed; but the necessity is a thing that does not exist.
It was during one of my lonely journeyings, amid a far distant region of mountain locked within mountain, and sad rivers and melancholy tarn writhing or sleeping within all -- that I chanced upon a certain rivulet and island. I came upon them suddenly in the leafy June, and threw myself upon the turf, beneath the branches of an unknown odorous shrub, that I might doze as I contemplated the scene. I felt that thus only should I look upon it -- such was the character of phantasm which it wore.
On all sides -- save to the west, where the sun was about sinking -- arose the verdant walls of the forest. The little river which turned sharply in its course, and was thus immediately lost to sight, seemed to have no exit from its prison, but to be absorbed by the deep green foliage of the trees to the east -- while in the opposite quarter (so it appeared to me as I lay at length and glanced upward) there poured down noiselessly and continuously into the valley, a rich golden and crimson waterfall from the sunset fountains of the sky.
About midway in the short vista which my dreamy vision took in, one small circular island, profusely verdured, reposed upon the bosom of the stream.
So blended bank and shadow there
That each seemed pendulous in air -- so mirror-like was the glassy water, that it was scarcely possible to say at what point upon the slope of the emerald turf its crystal dominion began.
My position enabled me to include in a single view both the eastern and western extremities of the islet; and I observed a singularly-marked difference in their aspects. The latter was all one radiant harem of garden beauties. It glowed and blushed beneath the eyes of the slant sunlight, and fairly laughed with flowers. The grass was short, springy, sweet-scented, and Asphodel-interspersed. The trees were lithe, mirthful, erect -- bright, slender, and graceful, -- of eastern figure and foliage, with bark smooth, glossy, and parti-colored. There seemed a deep sense of life and joy about all; and although no airs blew from out the heavens, yet every thing had motion through the gentle sweepings to and fro of innumerable butterflies, that might have been mistaken for tulips with wings.*
* Florem putares nare per liquidum aethera. -- P. Commire.
The other or eastern end of the isle was whelmed in the blackest shade. A sombre, yet beautiful and peaceful gloom here pervaded all things. The trees were dark in color, and mournful in form and attitude, wreathing themselves into sad, solemn, and spectral shapes that conveyed ideas of mortal sorrow and untimely death. The grass wore the deep tint of the cypress, and the heads of its blades hung droopingly, and hither and thither among it were many small unsightly hillocks, low and narrow, and not very long, that had the aspect of graves, but were not; although over and all about them the rue and the rosemary clambered. The shade of the trees fell heavily upon the water, and seemed to bury itself therein, impregnating the depths of the element with darkness. I fancied that each shadow, as the sun descended lower and lower, separated itself sullenly from the trunk that gave it birth, and thus became absorbed by the stream; while other shadows issued momently from the trees, taking the place of their predecessors thus entombed.
This idea, having once seized upon my fancy, greatly excited it, and I lost myself forthwith in revery. "If ever island were enchanted," said I to myself, "this is it. This is the haunt of the few gentle Fays who remain from the wreck of the race. Are these green tombs theirs? -- or do they yield up their sweet lives as mankind yield up their own? In dying, do they not rather waste away mournfully, rendering unto God, little by little, their existence, as these trees render up shadow after shadow, exhausting their substance unto dissolution? What the wasting tree is to the water that imbibes its shade, growing thus blacker by what it preys upon, may not the life of the Fay be to the death which engulfs it?"
As I thus mused, with half-shut eyes, while the sun sank rapidly to rest, and eddying currents careered round and round the island, bearing upon their bosom large, dazzling, white flakes of the bark of the sycamore-flakes which, in their multiform positions upon the water, a quick imagination might have converted into any thing it pleased, while I thus mused, it appeared to me that the form of one of those very Fays about whom I had been pondering made its way slowly into the darkness from out the light at the western end of the island. She stood erect in a singularly fragile canoe, and urged it with the mere phantom of an oar. While within the influence of the lingering sunbeams, her attitude seemed indicative of joy -- but sorrow deformed it as she passed within the shade. Slowly she glided along, and at length rounded the islet and re-entered the region of light. "The revolution which has just been made by the Fay," continued I, musingly, "is the cycle of the brief year of her life. She has floated through her winter and through her summer. She is a year nearer unto Death; for I did not fail to see that, as she came into the shade, her shadow fell from her, and was swallowed up in the dark water, making its blackness more black."
And again the boat appeared and the Fay, but about the attitude of the latter there was more of care and uncertainty and less of elastic joy. She floated again from out the light and into the gloom (which deepened momently) and again her shadow fell from her into the ebony water, and became absorbed into its blackness. And again and again she made the circuit of the island, (while the sun rushed down to his slumbers), and at each issuing into the light there was more sorrow about her person, while it grew feebler and far fainter and more indistinct, and at each passage into the gloom there fell from her a darker shade, which became whelmed in a shadow more black. But at length when the sun had utterly departed, the Fay, now the mere ghost of her former self, went disconsolately with her boat into the region of the ebony flood, and that she issued thence at all I cannot say, for darkness fell over an things and I beheld her magical figure no more.

Эдгар Аллан По Остров феи Nullus enim locus sine gemo est. Servius (1) "La musique, - пишет Мармонтель в тех "Contes Moraux" (2), которым во всех наших переводах упорно дают заглавие "Нравственные повести", как бы в насмешку над их истинным содержанием, - la musique est le seui des talents qui joiissent de lui- meme; tous les autres veulent des temoins" (3). Здесь он смешивает наслаждение, получаемое от нежных звуков, со способностью их творить. Талант музыкальный, не более всякого другого, в силах доставлять наслаждение в отсутствие второго лица, способного оценить упражнения в нем. И то, что он создает эффекты, коими вполне можно наслаждаться в одиночестве, лишь роднит его с другими талантами. Идея, которую писатель не то не сумел ясно выразить, не то принес в жертву присущей его нации любви к острой фразе, - несомненно, вполне разумная идея о том, что музыку самого высокого рода наилучшим образом можно оценить, когда мы совсем одни. С положением, выраженным таким образом, немедленно согласится всякий, кто любит музыку и ради ее самой, и ради ее духовного воздействия. Но есть одно наслаждение, еще доступное падшему роду человеческому,
- и, быть может, единственное, - которое даже в большей мере, нежели музыка, возрастает, будучи сопутствуемо чувством одиночества. Разумею счастье, испытываемое от созерцания природы. Воистину человек, желающий узреть славу божию на земле, должен узреть ее в одиночестве. По крайней мере, для меня жизнь - не только человеческая, но в любом виде, кроме жизни безгласных зеленых существ, произрастающих из земли, - портит пейзаж и враждует с духом - покровителем местности. Говоря по правде, я люблю рассматривать темные долины, серые скалы, тихо улыбающиеся воды, леса, что вздыхают в непокойной дремоте, и горделивые, зоркие горы, на все взирающие свысока, - я люблю рассматривать их как части одного огромного целого, наделенного ощущениями и душою, - целого, чья форма (сферическая) наиболее совершенна и всеобъемлюща; чья тропа пролегает в семье планет; чья робкая прислужница - луна; чей покорный богу властелин - солнце; чья жизнь - вечность; чья мысль - о некоем божестве; чье наслаждение - в познании; чьи судьбы теряются в бесконечности; чье представление о нас подобно нашему представлению об animalculae (4), кишащих у нас в мозгу, - вследствие чего существо это представляется нам сугубо материальным и неодушевленным, подобно тому как. наверное, мы представляемся этим animalculae. Наши телескопы и математические исследования постоянно убеждают нас - невзирая на нужные рацеи наиболее невежественной части духовенства, - что пространство и, следственно, объем имеют важное значение для Всевышнего.
Звезды движутся по циклам, наиболее годным для вращения наибольшего количества тел без их столкновения. Тела эти имеют в точности такую форму, дабы вместить наивозможно большее количество материи в пределах данной поверхности; а сама поверхность расположена таким образом, дабы разместить на ней большее количество насельников, нежели на той же самой поверхности, расположенной иначе. И бесконечность пространства - не довод против мысли о том, что бога заботит объем, ибо для его заполнения может существовать бесконечное количество материи. И так как мы ясно видим, что наделение материи жизненною силою является принципом, и, насколько мы можем судить, ведущим принципом в деяниях божества, то вряд
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Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.allans ли будет логичным предполагать, будто принцип этот ограничивается пределами малого, где мы каждый день усматриваем его проявление, и не распространяется на великое. Если мы обнаруживаем циклы, до бесконечности вмещающие другие циклы, но все имеющие некий единый отдаленный центр коловращения - божество, то не можем ли мы по аналогии представить себе существование жизней в жизнях, меньших в больших, и все в пределах божественного духа? Коротко говоря, мы в своей самонадеянности заблуждаемся до безумия, когда предполагаем, будто человек в своей временной или грядущей жизни значит во вселенной больше, нежели те "глыбы долины", которые он возделывает и презирает, отказываясь видеть в них душу, лишь на том основании, что он действий этой души не замечал (5). Эти и им подобные мысли всегда придавали моим раздумьям, когда я находился в горах или в лесах, на речном или на морском берегу, оттенок того, что будничный мир не преминул бы назвать фантастическим. Мои скитания по таким местностям были многочисленны, исполнены любознательности и часто велись в одиночестве; и любопытство, с каким я блуждал по многим тенистым, глубоким долинам или созерцал небеса, отраженные во многих ясных озерах, было любопытство, во много раз усугубленное мыслью о том, что я блуждаю и созерцаю один. Какой это насмешливый француз (6) сказал относительно известного произведения Циммермана, что "la solitude est une belle chose; mais il faut queiqu'un pour vous dire que la solitude est une belle chose" (7) Остроумие этой фразы нельзя отрицать: но подобной необходимости и нет. Во время одного из моих одиноких странствий по далекому краю гор, краю печально вьющихся рек и уныло дремлющих озер мне довелось набрести на некий ручей и остров. Порою июньского шелеста листвы я неожиданно наткнулся на них и распростерся на дерне под сенью ветвей благоухающего куста неизвестной мне породы, дабы предаться созерцанию и дремоте.
Я почувствовал, что видеть окружающее дано было мне одному - настолько оно походило на призрачное видение. По всем сторонам - кроме западной, где начинало садиться солнце, - поднимались зеленые стены леса. Речка, которая в этом месте делала крутой поворот, казалось, не могла найти выхода и поглощалась на востоке густой зеленой листвой, а с противоположной стороны (так представлялось мне, пока я лежал растянувшись и смотрел вверх) беззвучно и непрерывно низвергался в долину густой пурпурно- золотой каскад небесных закатных потоков. Примерно посередине небольшого пространства, которое охватывал мой мечтательный взор, на водном лоне дремал круглый островок, покрытый густою зеленью. Так тень и берег слиты были, Что словно в воздухе парили, - чистая вода была так зеркальна, что едва было возможно сказать, где именно на склоне, покрытом изумрудным дерном, начинаются ее хрустальные владения. С того места, где я лежал, я мог охватить взглядом и восточную и западную оконечности острова разом и заметил удивительно резкую разницу в их виде. К западу помещался сплошной лучезарный гарем садовых красавиц. Он сиял и рдел под бросаемыми искоса взглядами солнца и прямо-таки смеялся цветами. Короткая, упругая, ароматная трава пестрела асфоделиями. Было что-то от Востока в очертаниях и листве деревьев - гибких, веселых, прямых, ярких, стройных и грациозных, с корою гладкой, глянцевитой и пестрой. Все как бы пронизывало ощущение полноты жизни и радости; и хотя с небес не слетало ни дуновения, но все колыхалось - всюду порхали бабочки, подобные крылатым тюльпанам (8). Другую, восточную часть острова окутывала чернейшая тень.
Там царил суровый, но прекрасный и покойный сумрак. Все деревья были темного цвета; они печально клонились, свиваясь в мрачные, торжественные и призрачные очертания, наводящие на мысли о смертельной скорби и безвременной кончине. Трава была темна, словно хвоя кипариса, и никла в бессилии; там и сям среди нее виднелись маленькие неказистые бугорки, низкие, узкие и не очень длинные, похожие на могилы, хотя и не могилы, и поросшие рутой и розмарином. Тень от деревьев тяжко ложилась на воду, как бы погружаясь на дно и пропитывая мраком ее глубины. Мне почудилось, будто каждая тень, по мере того как солнце опускалось ниже и ниже, неохотно отделялась от породившего ее ствола и поглощалась потоком; и от деревьев мгновенно отходили другие тени вместо своих погребенных предтеч. Эта идея, однажды поразив мою фантазию, возбудила ее, и я погрузился в грезы. "Если и был когда-либо очарованный остров, - сказал я себе, - то это он. Это приют немногих нежных фей, переживших гибель своего племени. Их ли это зеленые могилы? Расстаются ли они со своею милою жизнью, как люди? Или, умирая, они скорее грустно истаивают, мало-помалу отдавая жизнь богу, как эти деревья отделяют от себя тень за тенью, теряя свою субстанцию? И не может ли жизнь фей относиться к поглощающей смерти, как дерево - к воде, которая впитывает его тень, все чернея и чернея?" Пока я, полузакрыв глаза, размышлял подобным образом, солнце стремительно клонилось на отдых, и скорые струи кружились вокруг острова, качая большие, ослепительно белые куски платановой коры, которые так проворно скользили по воде, что быстрое воображение могло превратить их во что угодно, - пока я размышлял подобным образом, мне представилось, что фигура одной из тех самых фей, о которых я грезил, медленно перешла во тьму из освещенной части острова. Она выпрямилась в удивительно хрупком челне, держа до призрачности легкое весло. В медливших погаснуть лучах облик ее казался радостным - но скорбь исказила его, как только она попала в тень. Плавно скользила она и, наконец, обогнув остров, вновь очутилась в лучах. "Круг, только что описанный феей, - мечтательно подумал я, - равен краткому году ее жизни. То были для нее зима и лето. Она приблизилась к кончине на год; ибо я не мог не заметить, что в темной части острова тень ее отпала от нее и была поглощена темною водою, от чего чернота воды стала еще чернее". И вновь показался челн и фея на нем, но в облике ее сквозили забота и сомнение, а легкая радость уменьшилась. И вновь она вплыла из света во тьму (которая мгновенно сгустилась), и вновь ее тень, отделяясь, погрузилась в эбеновую влагу и поглотилась ее чернотою. И вновь и вновь проплывала она вокруг острова (пока солнце поспешно отходило ко сну), и каждый раз, выходя из темноты, она становилась печальнее, делалась более слабой, неясной и зыбкой, и каждый раз, когда она переходила во тьму, от нее отделялась все более темная тень, растворяясь во влаге, все более черной.
И наконец, когда солнце совсем ушло, фея, лишь бледный призрак той, какою была до того, печально вплыла в эбеновый поток, а вышла ли оттуда - не могу сказать, ибо мрак объял все кругом, и я более не видел ее волшебный облик.
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1) - Ибо нет места без своего духа-покровителя. Сервий (лат). 2) - Moraux - здесь производное от moeurs и означает "о нравах" 3) - Музыкальность - единственный талант, который довольствуется сам собою; все остальные требуют второго лица (фр.) 4) - микроскопических существах (лат.). 5) - Говоря о приливах, Помпонии Мела в своем трактате "De situ orbis" утверждает, что "или мир - огромное животное, или..." и т. д. (Прим. авт.) 6) - Бальзак; передаю общий смысл - точных слов не помню. (Прим. авт.) 7) - Одиночество - прекрасная вещь; но ведь необходимо, чтобы кто-то вам сказал, что одиночество - прекрасная вещь (фр.). 8) - Florem putares nare per liquidum aethere. - P. Commire. (Ты полагаешь, что цветок рождается из Текучего эфира. Отец Коммир; лат.).

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