...took four years to complete (1508-12). The last Judgment was created twenty three years later after completing the Genesis ceiling fresco. It is located on the altar of the Sistine chapel. The Last Judgment was commissioned by Pope Clement VII (1523-1534) shortly before his death, and confirmed in 1535 by his successor, Pope Paul III (1468-1549) who was considered the first Counter Reformation Pope. As a religious artwork it was the largest single fresco mural painting of the 16th century (www.everypainterpaintshimself.com/). It was part of the mannerism movement in art and architecture between the 14th and 15th century to show the distortion and exaggeration of human proportions to represent an ideal of beauty rather than its natural form. The last judgement is depicted as a Counter-Reformation painting that reflected embarrassment of the Roman Catholic Church after the failure to stop the protestant reformation (Kedler, 1969, p 160). Furthermore it was created after the Sack of Rome in 1527 by troops of Emperor Charles V, in which compelled the Pope to abandon the Vatican and flee to Orvieto. These events were perceived by some as an indication of a divine wrath by God. The painting was presented to the Catholic community as universal message of the second coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgement by God of all humanity. The Last Judgment was a very controversial piece at the time because, unlike other artists, Michelangelo portrayed the subjects naked in which demonstrated...
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...The Sistine Chapel is one of, if not the most iconic places of art in the world. Nearly the entire building is covered in fresco or tapestry. Michelangelo painted the infamous ceiling from 1508-1512, and around 25 years later he was asked to paint the high altar wall. A lot happened in those 25 years regarding Michelangelo’s style of art, as well as regarding the history of the church. In 1517, a man by the name of Martin Luther started questioning the church, and his ideas caught on and this is known as the Protestant Reformation. Before the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church had all the power. The pope and large churches commissioned all the artists to do work, and the artists were obligated to accept and do the work, whether they...
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...Shabria Rahming Professor Soifer Art History Paper November 23, 2011 The painting I chose to write about was “The Last Judgement” which is a masterpiece by Michelangelo. This painting covers the whole entire wall behind the alter of the Sistine chapel. This is an illustration of the second coming of Christ. In the painting you can tell that Michelangelo was inspired by the Bible, but he also uses his own visual ideas and imagination in this painting. This painting is huge, and its measurements are 48X44 feet. This painting was created between the years of 1536 and1541. This painting was made out of fresco, so Michelangelo had to work fast on this painting so he would be done before it dried. It’s obvious that Michelangelo not only got ideas from the Bible, but he also added some theories from mythology in his painting. For instance, the boatman at the bottom of the painting is the boatman from Roman and Greek mythology that ferried the unsaved to hell, and that’s exactly what he’s doing in this painting. The emotion and frightening looks on the people faces helps show that they’re going to hell. This painting has some other unique features about it. For example, the men and women have very voluptuous body figures. This is how most of the people are painted in Michelangelo’s paintings. I believe this is how people were perceived in his era. This is totally different then how things are in our times. Now women have to be skinny or even anorexic to be perceived as beautiful...
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...his art through his pain and anguish. Michelangelo was just that and one can say the stereotype is modeled after him. Not having many friends or assistants, he was an unsociable individual. His attitude coming of as rude and a quick temper drove others away from him and kept him lonely. Even though he came off as unlikeable or social guy, he still produced some of the most amazing artwork till this day. Besides the fact that he was lonely Michelangelo Buonarrati is one of the most prominent ever, and possibly the best. Perhaps it was his loneliness that drove his passion for art. Michelangelo was born March 6, 1475 in Caprice, Italy. His dad and himself always considered him a “son of Florence”. His parents were Ludovicio Buonarroti and Francesca Neri. Thourgh his life he never mentioned or credited his mother. As a young child his mother was too sick and failed to nurse him and died when he was only six. As a result he was cared for by a nurse in a family of stone cutters. First dreams of being an artist came about this time. When he told his father his idea, his dad flew into rage. He informed Michelangelo that artist are laborers and are not better than shoemakers. Michelangelo...
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...Michelangelo, along with Titan, Raphael, Leonardo, and others, is a Renaissance master. Michelangelo’s paintings on the ceiling and wall of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City are among his masterpieces. Of the Sistine Chapel artwork, Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam (figure number 13.14) and The Last Judgment (figure number 13.15) are the most famous. I adore these frescos and so my decision to discuss them was not difficult. Both pieces display two of the significant moments in theological history: God’s creation of Adam and the final judgement of mankind. Both paintings offer interesting depictions of space and balance while offering unique theological implications. The Creation of Adam and The Last Judgement are radically different in how they depict spatial relations. In The Creation, God and other divine beings fly towards a reclined Adam. God’s hair and beard flow backwards, which implies forward motion while Adam is stationary. Adam and God occupy one total space and God’s life giving touch to Adam is natural and organic. In The Last Judgement, each figure occupies unique, non-complimentary spaces. Christ and Mary, His mother, occupy the center of the work, with each figure belonging to their groups (for example, the saved in the bottom...
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...Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known by his first name, Michelangelo, was a pivotal force in the Italian Renaissance. He was born on March 6, 1475 in Caprese Michelangelo, to a middle class family in the banking industry. Michelangelo was fascinated with observing painters at churches nearby, rather than focusing on tedious schoolwork. At age 13, he joined the Florentine painter’s workshop with the help of his father, Leonardo di Buonarrota Simoni. Correspondingly, Michelangelo became a painter, sculptor, architect and poet, achieving works including but not limited to, the sculpture of David, The Creation of Adam, and The Last Judgement. Following his death on February 18, 1564, Michelangelo left behind a remarkable...
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...birth and childhood Michelangelo was born, Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simon, commomly known as Michelangelo. His date of birth was recorded as March 6, 1475. Michelangelo was born in a small village of Caprese, in Tuscany Italy, near Arezzo, Republic of Florence, to Ludovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni and Francesca Neri. Michelangelo was born the second of five brothers, to his mother, who died when he was only six years old (“Britannica,” 2012). Michelangelo’s childhood was considered to be low key, grim in nature, lacking in affection, and very silent. He appeared a bit touchy and quick to respond with agitated or fierce words when he was approached by others. Michelangelo was considered to be shy and most of the time he kept to himself, leaving little to no room to trust his fellow friends. After the death of his mother, Michelangelo was sent to live with a stonecutter and his family in a town called, Settignano, where he learned the craft of a hammer and chisel. Michelangelo went to his father, and told him he wanted to be an artist, and that made his father furious at the thought and he flew into a rage (“Britannica,” 2012). Bonner (2009) noted that his father recognized his intelligence and sent him to study grammar in Florence. While studying the principles of Latin, Michelangelo befriended a student, Francesco Granacci who encouraged him to follow his own desire for an artistic vocation. At the age of thirteen, Michelangelo infuriated his father when...
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...THE BEAUTY OF ROME March 2007 marked the most beautiful experience in my life in an enchanting place called Ancona a region of Central Italy with a large harbor located over two slopes: Monte Conero and Monte Astagno. From the hotel view, you will see the golden sunset setting over the rolling hills not far from the port. It was amazing how God created such breathtaking existence that I have witnessed several times; but as I went back having new eyes with my husband, who was seeing them for the first time, it was a different story. The river reflecting the clear blue of the sky glistened and sparkled as it flowed noiselessly; and the paddle of the fishermen dipped into the water with a clear and liquid sound. On both sides were untouched natural beauty, and I was very delighted by the historic town not far from my hotel room. Not to mention the delicious cuisine and unique dishes the town has to offer. Being on a port town, you would expect a wide variety of seafood worth trying, as well as many cafes and bakeries known for traditional breads and pastries. Food markets are lively with vibrant colors of fresh fruits, vegetables and of course seafood and a whole lot of wine shops. Three hours away from the hotel lies the Pope’s official home in Vatican City. I have seen many beautiful places in Rome, but the one that made my eyes glitter is the world’s famous chapel, The Sistine Chapel. I was astonished by the beauty of the place. One line to St. Peter’s...
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...Jennifer Keefe Professor Mark Moak Art History 1 December 2011 The Life and Times of the Four David Artists Through out the years there were many great artists who created many great works of art, but only four Italian artists really stick out for creating the same piece all with different points of views. These artists were Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini, all of who created a David sculpture. Each one very unique and different. These four artists all stand out in there own individual ways. David who was supposed to be the second king of Israel, killed Goliath with just a sling and a single stone. The story of David and Goliath goes something like this, according to the bible in 1 Samuel 17. “The Philistine army gathered for war against the Israelites. The two armies faced each other on opposite sides of a valley. A Philistine giant named Goliath, would come out in armor and challenge the Israelites to war. The King of Israel who at that time was Saul, and his whole army were scared of Goliath. David who was the youngest son of Jesse, was sent to battle for one simple task, to bring his father back news of his brothers. While there, David heard Goliath shouting and saw the fear that had began to show in the men of Israel. David volunteered himself to fight Goliath, it took sometime for Saul to agree, but finally he gave in. Dressed in his simple tunic, carrying only his staff, slingshot and a pouch full of stones, David approached Goliath...
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...Name: Course: Professor: Date: A Historical Survey of Art and its Influence on Contemporary Art Linear perspective involves representation of real objects in two-dimensional form through converging surface edges on multiple points that resonate well with the viewer. Contrapposto is an image of skewed human figure displacing the actual weight dispersion for an artistic effect. Foreshortening allows an artist to make an object seem closer than it is. Illusionism comprises of the ability to interpret artistic depictions as a real object. Classicism includes artwork based on ancient Greek or Roman artistic and cultural principles. Cennino Cennini, through Il Libro del l’Arte, argues a novice artist requires the best works of their precursors to enrich their artistic skill. Imitation fortifies skills through repeated reproduction of the chosen work. However, a trainee artist should focus on one piece of art to thoroughly gain the desired skill sets. Imitation eventually begets emulation through a natural inculcation of the expert's skills. Emulating the work of an accomplished artist provides a young artist with a base to develop individual skills. Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi) introduced linear perspective through The Holy Trinity on Tempera as a primary medium. Donatello sculpted Mary Magdalene on stone providing a reference that exemplified intricate detailing in art. Andrea Mantegna inspired the importance of detail to paintings through the altarpiece...
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...itself is religious and not national; it presents itself transnationally and universally to represent all members of the Church. Virtually 100% of residents are Roman Catholic, whether they be priests, nuns, or lay workers, enforcing the idea of a religious identity as a whole. Also, in Vatican City, there are no secular, or non-religious, holidays--all celebrations follow the Liturgical Year of Catholicism, with massive celebrations for the most important holidays such as Easter and Christmas ,attracting thousands of tourists annually. Finally, Vatican City is well-known for its many artistic masterpieces housed within its walls, some dating back to the 12th century, which depict various biblical scenes, such as The Last Judgement, a fresco painted by Michelangelo on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel, depicting the Second Coming of Christ, illustrating its rich religious background even in its art. Altogether, religion is the predominant influence on the culture of Vatican City. Religion in Vatican City can also be seen politically. The government of Vatican City is ecclesiastical or an absolute monarchy; the Pope, elected by cardinals, is the Head of State and has supreme authority over the Church both inside the walls and globally, as the belief that is held is that, in essence, the Pope is the earthly emissary of God, and thus...
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...of the 17th century and an outstanding architect as well. Bernini created the Baroque style of sculpture and developed it to such an extent that other artists are of only minor importance in a discussion of that style. Bernini’s career began under his father, Pietro Bernini, a Florentine sculptor of some talent who ultimately moved to Rome. The young prodigy worked so diligently that he earned the praise of the painter Annibale Carracci and the patronage of Pope Paul V and soon established himself as a wholly independent sculptor. He was strongly influenced by his close study of the antique Greek and Roman marbles in the Vatican, and he also had an intimate knowledge of High Renaissance painting of the early 16th century. His study of Michelangelo is revealed in the St. Sebastian (c. 1617), carved for Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, who was later Pope Urban VIII and Bernini’s greatest patron. A major figure in the world of architecture, he was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. As one scholar has commented, 'What Shakespeare is to drama, Bernini may be to sculpture: the first pan-European sculptor whose name is instantaneously identifiable with a particular manner and vision, and whose influence was inordinately powerful...' In addition, he was a painter (mostly small canvases in oil) and a man of the theater: he wrote, directed and acted in plays (mostly Carnival satires), also designing stage sets and theatrical machinery, as well...
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...Iconography that had one large panel and two smaller panels that could be hinged shut like a novel were called triptych (ones with only two panels were known as diptych), they were typically used as alter pieces but could also be the size of a pendant. An example of a triptych that we went over in class was Master of Flemaille’s The Merode Altarpiece painted in oil on an oak panel. Large iconography were normally commissioned by a priest and done as murals on church walls ("Icon Art.” 1). Two examples of large mural iconography that we learned about in class would be Leonardo Da Vinci’s The Last Supper (painted with fresco on the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy) and The Last Judgement painted in fresco by Michelangelo (seen on the walls of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City). Analyzing the size of this piece because it is rather small it was most likely used as an altar...
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...Schuller If you believe in sex after the relationship or marriage; you are not allowed to judge. Perhaps most of the problems that arise are from judging people who have different values than yours. So what if someone believes in meaningless sex? If both consenting adults are okay with it, then it is their life and we should not be passing any value judgements. Judgements also include thinking that just because a girl is incredibly hot, she will be rude or over confident. That is definitely not the case! Give it a shot, even with the hot girls. You’ll be surprised as to how many of them are the nicest people out there. Since sex is such an important part of a physical or emotional relation, I believed I should include physical relationships in this chapter. Of course, most rules will apply if you get physical before asking her to be your girlfriend. So boys, to the part which gets you most excited: let us talk about sex. I am not going to go into too much detail because sex is something that individuals figure out on their own but yes I will tell you the basics dos and don'ts. The most important being...
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...ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARTISTS: • Nicola Pisano (also called Niccolò Pisano, Nicola de Apulia or Nicola Pisanus; c. 1220/1225 – c. 1284) was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style. Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture. • Coppo di Marcovaldo (c. 1225 – c. 1276) was an Italian painter active in Tuscany. • Vitale da Bologna (fl 1330, d 1361), also known as Vitale di Almo de' Cavalli or Vitale degli Equi, was an Italian painter, of the Early Renaissance. He is a representant of the 14th century school of painting in Bologna, where he was most active and painted the polyptych in the church of San Salvatore and frescoes in Santa Maria dei Servi. He was also active in Pomposa and Udine. • Giovanni di Agostino (c. 1310 – c. 1370) was an Italian sculptor in Siena in a gothic art style. Most of his work was sculptural commissions of the newly built Gothic Siena Cathedral. He sculpted a monument to Bishop Guido Tarlati in 1330. He also rendered a relief entitledMadonna and Child with Saints Catherine and John the Baptist between 1340 and 1348. • Guariento (fl. 1355), sometimes incorrectly named Guerriero, was the first Paduan painter of distinction. The only date distinctly known in his career is 1355, when, having already acquired high renown in his native city, he was invited by the Venetian authorities to paint a Paradise, and some incidents of the war of Spoleto, in the great council-hall...
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