...Special Interest Shavonne Holman Professor Steven Holeman, Sr. POL110 March 2, 2013 Define an interest group, with examples. An interest group is an organization whose members share common concerns and try to influence government policies affecting these concerns. Interest groups are also known as lobbies; lobbying is one of the ways interest groups shape legislation and bring the views of their constituents to the attention of decision-makers. A great example of an interest group would be The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) which has about 32 million members. Interest groups are organizations that seek to influence the decisions of government. According to Truman, interest groups can be defined as groups that, based on one or more shared attitudes, engage in influencing political decision-making, in order to successfully implement certain political goals or values (Truman, 1993). They usually, but not always, are formally organized. The relation between interest groups and government and society is an affirmative one, although groups may at times employ destructive methods in order to accomplish their goals. The existing social order is accepted by interest groups, and governmental power and its institutions are utilized to attain advantages, protect members and to fight political opponents (Truman, 1993). Two kinds of organizations: Institutional Interest and Membership Interest. Institutional Interest are individuals or organizations representing...
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...NORML-National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws By Abigail Galicia PID: A09469570 POLI 100E Final Paper Prof. Galderisi 12/13/2012 Abigail Galicia POLI 100E Galderisi 12/13/12 Final Paper NORML-National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws “It’s NORML to Smoke Pot.” How is NORML organized, and how does it pursue its policy interests? I. Introduction. The issue of the legalization of marijuana has been a hotly-debated and increasingly bitter confrontation among Americans. On the one side lie those who oppose everything about the drug and believe it to be a threat to society’s health and well-being, while the other side is composed of “the millions of smokers, many of them well educated, successful people who resent being defined as criminals for using what they regard as a mild but enjoyable drug (Anderson 3).” Both sides—for and against the legalization of marijuana—have presented proper research and evidence on either the virtually harmless or life threatening effects of marijuana along with either the economically beneficial or detrimental effects drug policy reform will have on the US. Either way, this debate has gained political momentum in the past decades and can no longer be seen as one-sided. Fueling this debate and whole-heartedly representing the pro-marijuana lobby organization, is the interest group NORML. NORML stands for the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws and has been the top main advocate in leading the...
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...The Role of Government in Policy-Making Holly Regan HSM/240 January 26, 2014 Terra Harris The Role of Government in Policy-Making There are three branches of government established by the U.S. Constitution which are: the legislative branch, executive branch, and the judicial branch. The purpose for these three branches of government is to establish the individual and combined powers of each branch, while reserving the rights of each individual state in the union, (Buzzle, 2014. The outline for The Constitution clearly and concisely defined the importance of jury trials, accountability of the government and the protection of every citizen’s rights and civil liberties of the United States of America. It is the business of the legislative branch, the Congress and Senate, to propose and enact laws. It is the business of the executive branch to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity...
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...The Role of Government in Policy-Making Holly Regan HSM/240 January 26, 2014 Terra Harris The Role of Government in Policy-Making There are three branches of government established by the U.S. Constitution which are: the legislative branch, executive branch, and the judicial branch. The purpose for these three branches of government is to establish the individual and combined powers of each branch, while reserving the rights of each individual state in the union, (Buzzle, 2014. The outline for The Constitution clearly and concisely defined the importance of jury trials, accountability of the government and the protection of every citizen’s rights and civil liberties of the United States of America. It is the business of the legislative branch, the Congress and Senate, to propose and enact laws. It is the business of the executive branch to see that the laws are put into effect through various governmental departments and it is the business of the judiciary (the court system) to preside and rule over who is right or wrong according to the criminal, civil law and often administrative law. Before a social policy or program can come before the judiciary branch of government, someone must believe that a law has been broken. One of the most important parts of policy making are legislative tasks and these tasks are necessary for paving the way for getting a bill passed into law. First task: for an interest group is to clearly define its issue, have complete unanimity...
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...evolving view of the government’s role in the U.S. economy. Prior to 1960, budget deficits were a rare occurrence except in times that demanded serious funding, such as periods...
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...Discussion Papers in Economics INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon Ray* and Sabyasachi Saha January, 2009 Discussion Paper 09-06 Centre for International Trade and Development School of International Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University India * Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon RAY ∗ Jawaharlal Nehru University, India and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India Sabyasachi SAHA Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India ∗ Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM ♣ Abstract: India’s stance at the WTO has undergone a sea change since the beginning of the Uruguay Round. This paper attempts to trace the shifting coordinates of India’s position at the WTO. By focussing on three specific areas of negotiations, namely agriculture, services and TRIPS, the paper presents a theoretical analysis of how India’s stance at the WTO has evolved over time and whether it reflects any paradigm shift. In the light of international relations theory we argue that although the coordinates of India’s stance at the WTO have shifted over time, the underlying ‘neorealist’ position adopted by India remains by and large unaltered. I. Introduction The...
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...Business Game Introduction The game of the business strategy is computer based game which is played online by a group of member formed in it. In this business strategy there are lot of industries were there as in the game one would run or imply the decisions of the footwear company which would be given the competition by various other firms like januty footwear, ashuru, corporate lobby shoes, L company, Dynasty, in sprint, Elite footwear ltd., K company, glaxer, CCLEO, and H company. The member of this business strategy game in the company corporate lobby shoes is Afsal Rahmath Parambu, Babatomiwa Ojuri, Fedlis Nwaujukwu , Gholam Oovee. As this one member who would be taken responsible for taking the decisions in the respect to its company and aspects of all the matters which the company operates and manages the necessary decision of the company as each and every company wants to take excellent decision and makes the best as well as sustainable solutions for their strategies as the tools and techniques where well executed and planned out specially to overcome with its competitors. There are various results from the 11th year to 15th year on the different are like EPS, Return on equity, stock price, inventories, management etc. As this would help to build the wealth of the shareholder and its image rating is high. This paper reports that the analysis of the corporate lobby shoes is divided in to the three sections the first is mainly the porter five forces as well as competitive...
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...is a summary of a paper presented at the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action in November 1999. This paper was submitted to the peer-reviewed academic journal Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly for consideration. ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______________________ Nonprofits’ Use of the Media in the Influence of Public Policy: Is there a correlation between exposure in the media and positive results? DAVID A. RICE STRATEGIC POLICY CONCEPTS Abstract: The extent to which interest groups and the media influence policymakers has been a popular topic of research. However, there has been little research on interest groups’ attempts to use the media for the specific purpose of influencing policymakers. This paper examines the attempts of nonprofit advocates in Massachusetts to use the media to influence public policymaking. The research was conducted through a survey of policymakers, the media, and registered lobbyists for nonprofit and for-profit interest groups in Massachusetts. The results of the survey indicate that the majority of nonprofit advocates do not use the media as a tactic to influence policymakers primarily because they do not believe policymakers are very influenced by the media. The results also found that policymakers would view nonprofit advocates as being more influential if they frequently obtained media coverage of the issues important to them. The paper posits that the ...
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...BTEC QCF HND in Hospitality Management Investigating Rooms Division Submitted to: Chris Maugino Submitted by: Md Rashedul Hasan, Date: 15.08.2011 1 Acknowledgement I would like to give my special thanks to my course teacher Chris Maugino for giving me such kind of excellent opportunity to prepare the interesting assignment and proper guidance to complete this work. I am grateful to my friends for their help and support when preparing this assignment especially in group study. I also give thanks to the manager of Park Plaza Sherlock Holmes who helped me a lot to make my report on interior design successfully. Other staff also helped me that make my report very easy and interesting. They are such a good person and gave me the full information as well as the data to complete this report. Finally, I like to say that, I have prepared this assignment from own experience. I am ready to accept my unwilling errors and omission which belong to me. 2 Table of content 1. Title Page ...........................................1 2. Table of Content.................................. 3 3. Introduction........................................ 4 4. Activity 2..............................................5 5. Activity 3..............................................17 6. Activity 4 ..............................................22 7. Activity 5...............................................28 8. Activity 7..............................................38 9. Activity...
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...The private roots of public participation: Women’s engagement in democratic politics in Pakistan Dissertation – MA Gender and Development Marion R. Mueller, September 2004 Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion about the involvement of women as decision-makers in democratic political processes. It questions the conditions that are necessary to promote such involvement and that open up spaces for the translation of women’s representation into political influence. The context of the devolution of power process in Pakistan shows that it is not enough to only set up democratic institutions to achieve women’s political effectiveness. Instead there is need for significant support through the state, political parties and civil society. To personalise the political is necessary for successfully being able to achieve policy outcomes that reflect women’s interests. Table of contents Abbreviations & Foreign Words 4 List of Figures and Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 Choice of case study 8/ Methodology 9/ Dissertation structure 10 2. Locating women’s engagement in democratisation 11 3. Imagining the political: women and the nature of the state 16 The framework of the state 16/ Defining access: affirmative action policies in Pakistan 16/ Devolving power to the grassroots 18/ Personalising the political: the presence of women councillors 20 4. Institutionalising the political:...
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...Introduction Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel is the hotel what I chosen for my industrial training. The training was started on 04.01.2010 until 21.05.2010.As we know, training is an important process for us to experience a real working life and improve our skill, especially for hospitality students. In my humble opinion, the hospitality study without industrial training is just theory, I appreciated the chance that to be guided and trained by qualified trainers. The reason why I chose Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel as my internship placement are the fame of this five stars hotel and the location of the hotel.It is a business hotel which is located at the golden triangle of Kuala Lumpur, near by KLCC and Pavilion Shopping center. I like the working environment. The people there are willing to train trainee and willing to let us leaning. The training department allows me to require to different departments. They provided a good learning and working environment to trainee. The contents of this report are acknowledgement, introduction, Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel profile, the departments that I joined and a conclusion. I was gone to four departments during five months training which are Banquet Department, Housekeeping Department, Sales & Marketing Department and Front Office Department. There are some descriptions of every department, my duty and responsibility, difficulties and learning outcome. From my point of view, writing this report is for me to record what I did during...
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............................................................................................................ 9 HOTEL LAYOUT ........................................................................................................................... 9 F&B FACILITIES ........................................................................................................................ 10 ANALYSYS OF ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................ 12 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................ 12 TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION ............................................................................................. 14 LOBBY...
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...Topic of Assignment : Paper Waste of Etap Hotel CONTENTS TITLE PAGES 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction of Etap Hotel 2 3. Concept of Green Plan that introduced by Etap Hotel 3 – 4 4. Purpose to create a controlling paper waste program 5 5. Current Issues that Etap Hotel facing 6 – 7 6. Goals and plans that we should have in our program 8 – 12 6.1 Goal Settings 6.2 Ways will proceed in paper waste recycle program 6.2.1 Paper for procedure, communication, information to customer 6.2.2 Paper roll, tissue, tray liner and packaging paper 6.2.3 Recycle bins, signs and brochure 6.2.4 Staff education program and collecting paper waste process 6.2.5 Form paper waste reduction team and coordinator 6.2.6 Monitoring program and getting feedback 7. Conclusion 13 8. References 14 1. Executive Summary Etap Hotel located all around the world with the total of 460 well-known hotel and is even the shining star in Europe offering the best place to enjoy and relax once you step your foot into its main door with a splendid service. Through internal research, we get to know that our company are using too much of money on buying stuff made up of paper. So we are planning to control paper waste in our company. Human factor is the most important area when talking about paper waste. In most of the travelers mind...
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...Angelenos have a good reason to walk along Grand Avenue—to hang out at Disney Hall’s new sidewalk café or merely to gawk at the hall’s sinuous, stainless-steel wrapper. At the corner of Grand and First, the enclosing forms curve open to the main entrance, across from the Philharmonic’s old home at the Music Center. PROJECT DIARY The story of how Frank Gehry’s design and Lillian Disney’s dream were ultimately rescued to create the masterful WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL By James S. Russell, AIA P H OTO G R A P H Y : © L A R A S W I M M E R / E S TO Fleischmann and a committee assembled to manage the construction visited many of the world’s great halls. Two that particularly impressed the group were not on the usual greatest-hits lists. One was the Berlin Philharmonie, a dramatically expressionistic composition of terraced and overlapping tiers completed in 1963 to a design by Hans Scharoun with acoustician Lothar Cremer. The other acoustical standout was Suntory Hall, 1986, in Tokyo (Yasui Architects), where the acoustical consultant had been Nagata Acoustics, a firm well known only in Japan. In the meantime, an architectural subcommittee winnowed a list of 80 architects down to four who would compete for the commission: Gottfried Böhm, of Cologne, Germany; Hans Hollein, Vienna; Project: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles Client: Los Angeles Philharmonic Association, the Music Center of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Architect: Gehry Partners—Frank Gehry, FAIA,...
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...David Green is an American billionaire and the founder of Hobby Lobby (founded in 1970). In this paper I am going to discuss David Green’s leadership from an ethical perspective. Today it is still a privately owned company and thriving. He is a leader that structures his organization using four basic principles. The first is to run the business guided by God’s laws and to please Him in everything he does. The second is to focus on people. The third is to always consider everything from the customers’ perspective and lastly, put the “proper” systems in place to support the first three keys. David emphasizes that sequence is critical. Corporate America has been inundated by unethical decision making. Some examples of unethical leadership include: Bernie Madoff defrauding billions of dollars from his investors, Enron’s devastating accounting scandal, and Lance Armstrong’s drug denial. These are leaders that cast shadows because they engage in a wide range of unethical behaviors. Lying, abuse of power, mismanaged information, and performing deceptive practices are among the immoral behaviors that reaps destructive consequences, ruins lives of the people they impact, and the triple effect is devastating to the masses. What does it mean to be an ethical leader? If we want to understand ethics, we must begin by understanding values. I don’t believe you can talk about ethics without discussing morals. In simple terms, ethics is described as a set of social norms that guides us to...
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