The logic of “Neonatal Mortality From Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Lessons for Low-Resource Countries”. 1. The main purpose of this article is to understand the interventions that have decreased the rates of RDS-specific mortality in high-income countries over the past 60 years and how to use these interventions to improve survival rates for newborns with RDS in low- resource countries. 2. The key question that the author is addressing is How the current highly successful technologies available for the treatment of RDS could be used most efficiently to save the newborn lives in low resource settings? 3. The most important information in this article is The most important information in this article is the comparison of the neonatal mortality rate related to RDS in the high resource country like United States and the low-resource country like India. The study has done in 100 premature infants born >1500 g and does not need any specialized neonatal care. With the use oxygen alone as a basic treatment for RDS, 25 of the infants could be salvaged. Of the remaining 75, CPAP plus oxygen would be sufficient to treat 45 of them. An additional 15 of them might be saved with the additional use of surfactant. 10 infants could be saved with prolonged mechanical ventilation. With all these therapies ~95% of premature neonates who are >1500 g with RDS could be saved in the United States. In contrast In India the mortality rate is still 57%- 89%. 4. The main inference/conclusions in this article are The widespread availability of the basic interventions of oxygen and CPAP has the greatest impact on decreasing RDS specific mortality around the world. In low-resource settings much work is done to make interventions are easily available to treat RDS. Other than oxygen and CPAP interventions, overall improvements in general