...PRELAB: 8 1) Similarities: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, segmented muscles, tentacle head, straight intestine that is not highly modified, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail. Differences: Eye spot only in amocoetes, smocoetes have more complex brain, lamprey has 7 gill slits while amphixious has 50, ammocoetes have a pharynx with muscle and cartligous skeleton support and can pump food into mouth while amphixious relies on action of cilia. 2) Amocoete larva closely resemble cephalochordates look very different from adults. The amocoetes phase is major phase, it is blind and worm like. They hatch from eggs in gravel nests and they are filter feeders. They can lasy 3-4 years but can go up to 10. Adult has eyes, suction mouth and become a smaller version of adult dea lamprey, juveniles are parasitic. 3) Teeth are embedded un flesh, not attached to jaws so are constantly replace through sharks life. They use lower teeth to hold prey and upper teeth to cut into prey. Thin needle like teeth to grip fish and flat teeth adapted for crushing shell fish. Can use electroreception to detect changes in earths geomagnetic field so olfactory organs can sense 1 ppm of blood in seawater. Eyesight well developed. 4) Paedomorphosis led to active mobile cephalochordates and vertebrate. Ancestral chordates was a filter feeder swimming larvae failed to metamorphise into an adult. Sessile tunicate instead developed gonads and continued cephalization. 5) Most salamanders...
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...Ethical Issues in Health Care HCS 545 April 25, 2011 Mary Nell Cummings Ethical Issues in Health Care In the United States, government ran systems exist of social support. Such systems are Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. These systems seem to be widely accepted in other countries than in America. Individualism and justice has been included in the United States foundation of welfare. Citizens feel a level of appropriateness allowing the government to spend tax monies to help an unfortunate person who has exhausted all of his or her energy, strength, and abilities to help himself. Americans further feel the efforts to help are satisfactory if an unreasonable amount of money is not used. Bioethics is a prevelent and sensitive topic of debate in health care. A single mother with children who is particially dependent upon welfare takes it upon herself to pay privately for a single treatment of Invitro Fertilization (IVF). This mother is implanted with several embryos and chooses not to reduce the number of fetuses and successfully delivers multiple premature babies. We must take into account the cost of delivery, care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and future cost to the Welfare system for all of this mother’s children. Reviewing this issue from a health care professional’s point of view, the four basic principles of ethics, beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence, and social justice, are part of this issue. The Four Basic Principals Autonomy ...
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