...belief in God, loyalty to the king and country, supremacy of the constitution, rule of law and behaviour and morality. The five principles are intended to establish a united Malaysian nation, and a Malaysian society that is equitable, democratic, liberal and progressive. Belief in God Race and this country have been established on a strong belief in God. Through this religious belief will make this nation as a sovereign nation. The Federal Constitution provides that Islam is the religion of the Federation, but religious and other beliefs may be practiced in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation and actions to discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion is prohibited. Pillars of legislators Committee recognizes the importance of religion and belief in God in human life. The absence of religion can destroy a person's character and the nation. Recognising the importance of holding strength of the community against their religious teachings, this principle has been chosen as the first principle of Pillar. [Edit] Loyalty to King and Country Malaysia practices a system of Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy with His Majesty the King as Head of State. In line with the position of the King as the King in accordance with the Constitution, the monarchy is also practiced in every state, and the In-Command of the states that do not have a king. Their Majesties, the Kings and the In-Command is a symbol of national unity. Loyalty to King and...
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...Siblings Disguised as Rivals: Kindred Relationship Between Confucianism and Legalism Legalism is linked to laws while Confucianism is married to morals. The two are often contrasted with each other in regards to their different means of achieving harmony in society. Legalism, as its name suggests, is very much concerned with achieving order in society through laws. To elaborate, strict rules are supplemented with rewards and punishments—people were given heavy incentives to obey the laws and even heavier penalties for disregarding them (Ebrey Textbook, 36). To the contrary, Confucianism is rooted in the ideal that a just society is in need of a moral ruler who will influence his people to also be moral (Ebrey Textbook, 30). In the midst of analyzing the contrasts between these two schools of thought, however, what we often fail to realize is the similarity underneath. Although the differences between Legalism and Confucianism may seem convincing, upon further analysis, we see that their emergent contradictions is transcended by their parallel, underlying views of the despicable nature of self-conceit, the admirability of humility, and the importance of a minister's allegiance to his superior. There is little question that modesty is a Confucian virtue, and the idea of not exhibiting excessive pride is also present in the Legalistic school of thought. To begin, in Selections From Han Feizi, the Legalistic author denounces society for “having it backwards” by honoring those...
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...CHAPTER 8 WHISTLEBLOWING AND EMPLOYEE LOYALTY* Three Mile Island. In early 1983, almost four years after the near meltdown at Unit 2, two officials in the Site Operations Office of General Public Utilities reported a reckless company effort to clean up the contaminated reactor. Under threat of physical retaliation from superiors, the GPU insiders released evidence alleging that the company had rushed the TMI cleanup without testing key maintenance systems. Since then, the Three Mile Island mop-up has been stalled pending a review of GPU’s management.1 The releasing of evidence of the rushed cleanup at Three Mile Island is an example of whistleblowing. Norman Bowie defines whistleblowing as “the act by an employee of informing the public on the immoral or illegal behavior of an employer or supervisor.”2 Ever since Daniel Elsberg’s release of the Pentagon Papers, the question of whether an employee should blow the whistle on his company or organization has become a hotly contested issue. Was Elsberg right? Is it right to report the shady or suspect practices of the organization one works for? Is one a stool pigeon or a dedicated citizen? Does a person have an obligation to the public that overrides his obligation to his employer or does he simply betray a loyalty and become a traitor if he reports his company? There are proponents on both sides of the issue––those who praise whistle-blowers as civic heroes and those who condemn them as “finks.” Glen and Shearer who wrote...
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...the ability to choose in mind, it is arguable that the tale of Adam and Eve could have resulted in the same storybook conclusion as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The many parallels between the two stories indicate that with this God-given ability of choice, both stories could end in tragedy, such as Paradise Lost, or in success, such as in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The means and purpose of both Adam and Eve as well as Sir Gawain’s temptations involve symbols that bring about the downfalls of the men, the misogynistic scapegoating of the women, with only the protagonists actions causing divergent endings. Within both stories, the loyalty of the protagonists is tested according to their respective codes. In Milton’s Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve’s loyalty to their creator is tested, and in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain’s loyalty to the chivalric code. The chivalric code consists of the qualities that a perfect knight should possess: fellowship, generosity, chastity, courtesy, and charity. The pentangle, a shape that represents the chivalric code, contains a set of values and rules that must be followed by a knight, similar to the rules set by God the creator in Paradise Lost. As Sir Gawain must possess specific qualities, God sets one rule upon the pair and they fail to obey it, easily succumbing to the temptation of Satan. On the other hand, Sir Gawain goes out of his way and uses his cunning and wit to make sure that he obeys the values of the pentangle. The characters...
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...In Marcia Baron’s article, “The Moral Status of Loyalty,” she proposes many ideas concerning loyalty. Loyalty is definitely an essential quality in almost all relationships, including an engineer’s relationship with their employer and society. Baron argues that we can really only show loyalty to specific people, and not to ideals, causes, or people in general, agreeing overall with the opinions and views of John Ladd and Andrew Oldenquist. In this paper, I will argue against Baron’s view. I think that we can be loyal to ideals, causes and the general public, not only singularly, but to them all at the same time. Loyalty is always going to be a problem or issue for engineers. Being loyal to your beliefs, the company you work for, and society is always going to come as a challenge because you really cannot make everyone happy all of the time. Baron states, “The NSPE Code begins, ‘The Engineer, to uphold and advance the honor and dignity of the engineering profession and in keeping with the high standards of ethical conduct. . . will be honest and impartial, and will serve with devotion his employer, his clients, and the public. . . .’ Can an engineer, no matter how heroic, always serve each of these parties with devotion? Can he or she, in other words, always be loyal to all three? The answer is clearly, ‘No.’“ (Baron 227) Baron says that the answer to this question is clearly “No.” She follows this by giving two conditional examples, the B.F. Goodrich and Ford Pinto engineers...
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...Values Individuals are not born with an ability to understand moral values and apply moral standards. As people mature, their physical, emotional, and cognitive abilities develop and so does their ability to deal with moral issues. Aristotle, an early Greek thinker who proposed one of the most influential theories of ethical thinking in the West, argued that our moral abilities which he called virtues or morally good habits, develop solely through constant practice and repetition, in the same way, he argued, humans acquire their moral abilities and when they are taught and habituated by their families and communities to think, feel and behave in morally appropriate ways. Such vitally important human values as courage, generosity, self-control, temperance, self-control, sociability, modesty, fairness or justice, are all virtues that he discussed and that he believed were acquired through this kind of habituation. And although in order to develop such values one must spare a lot of his time and effort, once they are acquired virtuous behavior comes easily and naturally. Recently, a considerable number of thinkers have returned to Aristotle's views, claiming that we should place greater emphasis on the development of the moral values. Those who have advanced this claim hold that contemporary philosophy stresses too much action what people should and should not do - and that much more attention must be paid to people's character - what a human being should be. Some of them even...
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...including those between trustee and beneficiary, director and corporation, agent and principal, lawyer and client, doctor and patient, parent and child, and guardian and ward. Notwithstanding their variety, all fiduciary relationships are presumed to enjoy common characteristics and to attract a core set of demanding legal duties, most notably a duty of loyalty. Surprisingly, however, the justification for fiduciary duties is an enigma in private law theory. It is unclear what makes a relationship fiduciary and why fiduciary relationships attract fiduciary duties. This article takes up the enigma. It assesses leading reductivist and instrumentalist analyses of the justification for fiduciary duties. Finding them wanting, it offers an alternative account of the juridical justification for fiduciary duties. The author contends that the fiduciary relationship is a distinctive kind of legal relationship in which one person (the fiduciary) exercises power over practical interests of another (the beneficiary). Fiduciary power is a form of authority derived from the legal capacity of the beneficiary or a benefactor. The duty of loyalty is justified on the basis that it secures the exclusivity of the beneficiary’s claim over fiduciary power so understood. Les obligations fiduciaires sont essentielles pour assurer l’intégrité de multiples relations, telles que celles entre administrateur et bénéficiaire, directeur et société, mandataire et mandant, avocat et client, médecin et patient,...
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...Loyalty in Business? Author(s): John Corvino Source: Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 41, No. 1/2, The Role of the Business Person in the Fabric of Society (Nov. - Dec., 2002), pp. 179-185 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25074914 Accessed: 27/11/2010 11:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=springer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Business...
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...Everyday there is something new to be learned. Infants learn how to read in their classrooms. Teenagers learn about calculus. Adults learn how to be organized in a work space. But, how is it that people learn how to behave in society? Usually parents teach their children moral lessons; however, there are people that do not completely understand these ethics. Some individuals were taught through reading how to act properly around others. Often times in an education setting, classic novels are used as teaching tools because they enlighten the reader. One may be illuminated from a book as to how the government works, how there is suffering in other places and even how people have acted in the past. According to BBC News, people are getting used...
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...Ethical Dilemma Facebook Status Drama…. Where Do Loyalties Lie? Sometimes in life the right choice may not always seem like the right choice. One may think they know what the right thing is but sometimes the line between what’s right and what’s wrong is a thin blurred line. Maybe it’s not even a line at all. Maybe it’s just a grey shadowy area that over laps the law of morals and what one thinks is moral. Whatever the case may be the morals and values that one sees in another human being or even in themselves can and will always be examined by today’s society with a microscope. This day and age it’s hard to decide what to do when face with an ethical dilemma. What if there really is no right answer? This is the exact situation that I have been faced with recently. The situation involved choosing between my job and my best friend. Recently a situation occurred where my best friend was being threatened by a girl at work. The harassment was happening at work with the girl mocking her behind her back and gossiping about her to other coworkers. The bullying eventually got back to us via people who grew tired of the bully’s childish ways. The threats were real and unnecessary since my friend happens to be a disabled girl with Cerebral Palsy. She is able to work full time and can think just like everyone else but she has trouble using her left side and her speech is slurred a bit. The main concern for me was her physical appearance; she is only about 90 pounds. I see her as my...
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...2014 The term whistleblower was first used in England and referred to the practice of British police officers blowing a whistle when a crime was being committed. This would then raise the alarm to other law enforcement officers to alert them that something was endangering the public (Princeton, n.d.). Today, however, the term shares a much broader meaning and is met with a variety of ethical motivations. When we hear the term, “whistleblower”, we know that someone has raised a concern regarding a possible wrongdoing in either a government agency or a private company, and they want to make others aware. The status of the whistleblower is often debated: as Rothschild and Miethe (1999) note, “some see whistleblowers as traitorous violators of organizational loyalty norms; other see whistleblowers as heroic defenders of values considered more important than company loyalty”. In addition, whistleblowing is a “new form of worker resistance” relevant to the “unending battle between labor and management to control the workplace” (Rothschild, et.al, 1999). But with the right motives in place, whistleblowing is good for an organization or agency because it protects that organization and agency from fraud, misconduct, and in most cases, failure. And, when affective communication is in place, the organization’s goals are kept in clear focus which can only be beneficial as an end result. This paper will focus on what ethical theories and perspectives the whistleblower chooses to use...
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...Chris and ridiculing Dale and his wife. As seen above, there are two sides of this issue both being unethical however impacting on different stakeholders. Firstly, it breaches the code of ethics as Jeremy is seen as instigating the entire sales team in deceptive business practices. Secondly it breaches the American universal code of conduct whereby employees should respect all customers (Universal American Code of Conduct 2014). Utilitarianism means acting to maximize general utility in every situation so as to reach a feasible conclusion (Riley 2009, 286) thus considered as a consequentialist action. Following a cost benefit analysis for the first issue, Chris could be said to be acting on behalf of SFS in order to maximize its sales and status through this prospective client. Chris would also be maximizing welfare as several stakeholders would...
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...well. Col Wakin argues that we do have some basic knowledge about human conduct, but that we live in a highly pluralistic society in which some practices reject that basic knowledge. Nonetheless, even though we draw members of the military from that pluralistic society, the uniqueness of the military function will always keep its leading practitioners apart from the mainstream of civilian society. The military profession swears to defend the values, the lifestyle that incorporates the minimal conditions for human dignity. After examining the convergence of the values that are functionally necessary for the military and those that we know are fundamental to social existence, he concludes that a competent military profession can serve as a moral anchor for its parent society. I Many years ago when I learned I was going to have the opportunity to study philosophy at the graduate level, I was tremendously excited. What a wonderful opportunity this would be, I thought, to sit at the feet of Socrates and be enlightened by those who studied the crucial problems of human existence. I expected that senior philosophy professors would be marvelous role models in their personal lives and I looked forward with great anticipation to associating with those who had solved the problems of the universe. Indeed, these senior professors seemed very wise. They were dazzling in their abilities to rattle off the names and theories of great thinkers from every era. They knew the views of those...
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...institutions, moral views and roles. Religion upholds traditional beliefs about how society should be organised. Religion is also seen as conservative because it functions to conserve or preserve things as they are. It stabilises society and maintains the status quo. The view of religion is held by functionalists, Marxists, and feminists. Although each of these perspectives see the role of religion differently, all of them argue that it contributes to social stability. Functionalists see religion as a conservative force because it functions to maintain social stability and prevent society from disintegrating. For example, as Parson stated; it promotes social solidarity by creating value consensus, thus reducing the likelihood of society collapsing through individuals perusing their own selfish interests at the expense of other. It also helps individuals to deal with stresses that would otherwise disrupt the life of society. Durkheim, another sociologist shares his view that the sacred symbols represent society’s collective conscience, which is the shared norms, values beliefs and knowledge that make social life and cooperation between individuals possible- without these society would disintegrate. For Durkheim, regular shared religion rituals reinforce the collective conscience and maintain social integration. Participating in shared rituals binds individuals together, reminding them that they are part of a single moral community to which they owe their loyalty. By contrast...
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...regulations – I would refer to the OPSEC regulation Army Regulation 530–1, as well as my units SOP in order to better help my judgement to determine the exact proper procedures in the destruction of different classified documents. Ethical values and ramifications – One of the best guidelines, the Army values would be where I would start with this. Although not all of these are incorporated in this exercise, Loyalty , Duty, and Integrity clearly are. The Loyalty is shown when SGT Day decides to cover up for SFC Sharp. Duty is displayed when it comes down to the question of reporting this situation because it is my obligation. Integrity is shown when it comes to doing whats right no matter what situation I am faced with and ensuring the decision is morally correct. Consider moral principles – The decision I go with will place me in the position to accept any consequences that may occur. Loyalty in this case, can go either way, as in a lot of cases are you loyal to a individual or a unit. What damage can reporting this incident cause on SFC Sharps career and promotable status. This case also puts a hinder on SGT Day's stand in the Army values that we live by daily. What type of leader is SGT Day. Courage plays a role in deciding which way my courage will take me, whether it's the courage to let it slide and move on with possibility of becoming compromised as well as any actions that may arise, or will I have the courage to inform the chain of command and...
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