...Correlation vs. Causation from the High- to the Late- Middle Ages (1000-1500) A comparative book review of Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer and Hubert van Tuyll and Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn Nicole Campagnola 0774953 HIST*2040 (DE) W13 Professor Davison March 31, 2013 Despite proven facts and primary sources, historical investigation always has an element of subjectivity. Each historian has a different perspective, and focuses on different events and principles. Different historians and authors will often reflect upon the work of their peers, so an educated reader has the opportunity to decrease bias by expanding the list of sources that information comes from. Information that is accurately cited from appropriate sources does not always have a concrete and inarguable conclusion. There will always be differentiations based on the perspective that the author is striving to communicate, and the original intent behind their research. Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer (an economist) and Hubert van Tuyll (a historian) focuses on historical events with the foundation of economic principles, and uses these principles to explain past military decisions and strategies. Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn argues that most historians have mistakenly defined styles of warfare and resulting successes based on technological...
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...Final Paper Women and Girl Rights The issue of gender equality has always been and will always be a topic of controversy. The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) defines “gender equality as the measurable equal representation of women and men not seen as the same but having equal values and should be accorded equal treatment” the right to see women and girls as not the same as men and boys but should be given equal opportunity in every facet of life is a debate that will linger for a very longer time not because laws have not been put in place to uphold it because its implementation will require adequate follow up and time. The way the society sees women plays a crucial role in gender equality. Gender role affects the way women and men are expected to behave and act in a given society and this behavior differs among cultures and ethnic groups. The role of a girl or boy is first initiated by their parents. The mother of a girl child is usually more protective of her and she is taught different etiquettes which she must follow and if not obliged she is seen as wayward and a societal misfit. The fiction “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid illustrates this when she writes “this is how you….this is how you behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well, and this way they won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming” this depicts how a girl is expected to live by certain rules made by her mother to protect her from becoming a “no good”...
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...form of art to myself is music. Music has always been a large part of my life. In total, I play 5 instruments. Guitar is the primary instrument I choose to play. My grandfather taught me as a child and I have continued to play every day for many years. I began to perform at a young age in churches and community functions. Later, in high school I started a band with a few other local musicians and we played together for about 4 years. Currently I am in a band composed of all military members; we often play in different small venues in Las Vegas, Nevada. Without music, I would not fell like a complete person. It has played such a huge role in my upbrining. Cinema is the next most important form that influences me. Cinema has also played a large role in my life. I have a large collection of movies and consider myself a movie buff when it comes to quotes and information about each film. I enjoy the entertainment value that cinema brings to the table, as well as many others do. I know look for the artistic value as...
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...Vince knew his place in the society as an influential figure. He took advantage of his position to teach his team members as well the community around Green Bay the value of unity regardless of race and ethnicity. This is apparent in his decisions to tax any person who advanced racial and ethnic slurs in his team. He also influenced his society at Green Bay residents to boycott restaurants that were known for segregating against African American players. Lombardi sought to face the evil of discrimination head on during the 1960’s by attempting to break the cycle of segregation evil that was a common practice at the time. His teams reflected this virtue in that he put three African American. Willey Wood, Herb Adderley and Willie Davis were in prominent positions in his team which was normally not the practice at that time. He taught the concept of teamwork to his teams all working with a focus on winning championships...
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...To start, Reagan put an end to the Cold War. Reagan did this with a number of complex tactics. He reversed the policy of detente, enforced the destruction of the berlin wall, and aided the rebels against the Soviet backed Marxists from Nicaragua to Angola. This all lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union, ultimately ending the Cold War. He introduced Reaganomics to America. This is a mix of tax cuts, deregulation, and domestic spending, which lead to an economic boom creating about 16 million new jobs. Moreover, he revoiced the values that America had forgotten, these being thrift, patriotism, and hard work. On top of this, he promoted pro-life and family-values to battle societal upheavals of the 1960’s and 1970’s. Reagan also showed peace through strength. He did this by starting to once again construct the military that had been diminished during the Carter years, bringing back the B-1 bomber that Carter cancelled, and raising defence spending by 40%. This helped enforce peace,...
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...“security” has been created with the emergence of new challenges that have put into question our traditional conceptions. The creation of a newer and much broader definition of security has resulted in discussions between those who support the traditionalist views and those who challenged it, as they try to showcase how their approach to security holds the most value. After the end of the Cold War military power had decline significance in the international arena making it essential for scholars to reevaluate the way we used to look at international relations and especially the way we used to analyze security. Issues like economic instability, freedom, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and others started to take more and more attention, creating a necessity for a widen view on security. Such necessities shifted the agenda from a nation-centric (traditional) to a more individual-centric (non-traditional) perspective by treating...
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...to the efforts of Washington and others. The days that followed the Obama election would be filled with symbolism leading to the concert on the steps of the Lincoln memorial, and the day of service, called by the President, in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. the day before inauguration. The election of President Obama seemed to have brought full circle the experiment of democracy. The dreams of the founding fathers were present, the echo of Lincoln’s consequential Presidency were present, and certainly the dreams and speeches of Dr. King were front and center in this cultural moment. Yet the cultural moment represented so much more than a continuum of ideas and dreams of significant men. This moment was one of the first major societal changes in a generation. Perhaps not Ironically, the election of Barak Obama had ripple effects upon social change in the United States and what came full circle on November 4, 2008 for the African American and minority communities would begin to happen for yet another oppressed minority, in the years...
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...to keep it even if it means suppressing the poor because society is always in a state of dispute. Marx’s idea of conflict theory focused on two primary classes, the bourgeoisie who held the majority of wealth and power and the proletariat, the majority of common folk. This uneven amount of power can lead to war if the majority class is subject to conditions that are extremely unfavourable. Marx declared an armed proletariat revolution way the only way to destroy the bourgeoisie's power. More often than not, many civil wars occur this way such as Nelson Mandela’s fight against apartheid in South Africa or where slaves rebelled during the Haitian Revolution to later form an independent state., This divide in class greatly applies to the military-industrial complex of a country where...
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...Social Perspectives Evolutionary Theorist: Ø Ibn Khaldun: He was a historian and wrote history of the cultural life of Babar tribes. He studied the socio-‐cultural aspects of these tribes and thus laid down the foundation of a new science called Ilmul Imran, which became the foundation of sociology. His social theories included: • Social Solidarity (Al-‐Asabiya): o A force that unites people with one another that subsequently leads to the formation of a state. o People, when combine their minds and forces, create solidarity amongst themselves, which is social solidarity. o Al-‐Asabiya is the emotions of similarity that keeps the people of a group united together having a common effective action. o The uniting force is highest in this relation. a spirit that is shared by another great social philosopher – Emile Durkheim. o The state decides conflicts of the group. o The group that achieves social solidarity becomes an invincible force that cannot be subjugated. o...
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...timely and comprehensive actions to maintain human excellence and mission-readiness in the force from initial entry to senior levels both individually and collectively. 1-2. The Operational Problem Current trends in the global and domestic operational environments will challenge the United States' ability to maintain a future responsive, professional, All-Volunteer Force. Soldiers will operate in an era of persistent conflict amongst populations with diverse religious, ethnic, and societal values. Faced with continuous employment across the full range of military operations, the Army will require extraordinary strength in the moral, physical, and cognitive components of the human dimension. Existing accessions, personnel, and force training and education development efforts will not meet these future challenges, placing at grave risk the Army's ability to provide combatant commanders the forces and capabilities necessary to execute the National Security, National Defense, and National Military Strategies. 1-3. Solution Synopsis The Army will need to increase its human dimension focus in both the operational Army and Generating Force in order to meet future challenges and operate in an era of persistent conflict. Improved capabilities must address the broad range of human dimension actions necessary...
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...The rank and file are not the only Greeks who respect their commanders, though. While the fear of their commanders’ wrath is a great motivator for the common soldier, the heroes are not motivated by but place great importance in their good standing with their own superiors. Odysseus does not forget to remind them of this value, using it as yet another path to their honor, that is, their motivation. At first, since they are following a direct order, the officers are certain that they have the grace of Agamemnon. However, Odysseus plants doubts in their minds, suggesting: You don’t really know Agamemnon’s mind. He’s just testing us now, But before long he’s going to come down on us hard. Didn’t we all hear what he said in council? If he gets angry the whole army had better watch out. Kings are bred by Zeus and have tempers to match. (The Iliad 2.210-215) Here again Homer employs Odysseus’ wile, as he presents the possibility that Agamemnon’s orders are a test, rather than calling them out as poor orders—which would earn him no favors, with Agamemnon himself or with the officers, who still value...
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...The cold war did not impact the superpowers (the United States or the Soviet Union) alone. In fact most countries in the world were affected by this long and tedious war, one of which was France. France was involved with the Algeria war and Indochina war; these wars ware brutal just like any war, they caused political tensions, bloodshed, and economic problems. France was in a good strategic location. They also had military powers in many locations such as in Britain, America, Germany, and in the Soviet Union. Because of this, France will be having many economic, political and societal modifications. Government: The Government of France is known as a Republic, (also known as a Democracy). Edith Cresson became France’s first female Prime Minister...
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...Thesis: In his novel The Wars , Timothy Findley depicts through protagonist Robert Ross, the effects of societal influence on an individual’s quest of staying true to his ideals. Topic Sentc : When an individual is devoted to his ideals, he will despairingly attempt to defy the provocations against them in order to preserve his integrity. Evidence 1: Robert holds himself accountable to his Rowena’s death since he was meant to be her “guardian”. From then on, this role becomes significant in his life as he tries to preserve the innocent lifeforms around him since he associates his sister with innocence. Evidence 2: Robert is reminded of his sister’s character by her pet rabbits. Therefore, he is committed to taking care of them and preserving...
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...corrosive agent against morality and Roman values; private luxury harms the community, while public extravagance honours the republic. Rosavich highlights that the rise of a plebeian elite challenged patrician lineage; ancestry, was no longer the definition of elite. Rather, funding public games were used as a tool for political advancement, inspiring gratitude in the citizenry for magistrates who funded extravagant events. This political strategy eventually escalated into somewhat of a competition, and wealthy magistrates were soon driving themselves into...
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...habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions, feelings, and other capabilities of man which are acquired, learned and socially transmitted by man from one generation to another through language and living together as members of the society. * Culture is learned. * Culture is socially transmitted through language. * Culture is a social product. * Culture is a source of gratification. * Culture is adoptive. * Culture is the distinctive way of life of a group of people. * Culture is material and non-material. * Culture has sanctions and control. * Culture is stable yet dynamic. * Culture is an established pattern of behavior. 2. Components of culture * Norms- a rule or standard of behavior expected of each member of a social group. * Folkways the ways of living, thinking, and acting in a human group, built up without conscious design but serving as compelling guides of conduct. * Mores - the essential or characteristic customs and treaties of a community. * Positive mores or duty or the “Thou shall behavior” * Negative mores or taboo or the “Thou shall not behavior” * Laws – formalized norms enacted by people vested with legitimate authority. * Ideas, Beliefs, Values * Ideas – non material aspects of culture. * Beliefs – a person’s conviction about a certain idea. * Values – abstract concepts of what is important...
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