...Grammar Review The Present Simple (현재형) 1. To talk about things and situations that are generally true (일반적인 사실과 관련된 사물 또는 상황을 말하고자 할 때) e.g) • Digital cameras cost a lot of money. They have very complex parts and they use a lot of battery power. • She is 27 years old and she has a small flat. 2. The general truth can be: (일반적인 사실을 표현할 때) • A repeated action(반복되는 행동표현): She takes the train to work, but I usually drive. • A permanent situation(영속적인 상황표현): She lives in a small flat in London. 3. The present simple can be used in informal stories: describing a film scene, telling a joke (일상적인 내용을 말할 때 – 영화장면을 묘사하거나 농담을 할 경우 등) e.g) • She walks into the room, and sees the bottle and two glasses on the table. • This man goes into a bar, and orders an orange juice and a packet of crisps. The Present Continuous (현재진행형) It is used to talk about 1. Actions that are going on around or at the time of speaking (행동을 하고 있는 상황 또는 현재의 당시 상황을 말할 때) e.g) Jane is having a bath at the moment. 2. Temporary situations. (일시적인 상태) e.g) compare (현재시제와 현재진행형의 비교) • He is working in Oxford just now. (but next year he will do something else) – 현재에는 옥스포드에서 일하고 있는 중이지만 내년이나 가까운 미래에는 다른곳에서 일할 예정임을 표현, 즉 현재의 당시 상황을 표현하였음. • He works for a company in Oxford. ( He works there all the time) – 언제나 옥스포드 회사에서 일하고 있다. 즉, 사실을 표현함. 3. Changing situations (상황이 변하는 경우) – get, become...
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...SIMPLE PRESENT general definitions SIMPLE PAST a specific, completed time period SIMPLE FUTURE Simple Tenses (In general, the GMAT prefers the simple tenses) express"eternal"states or frequent events future actions Progressive Tenses (ongoing,happening right now) Verbs that express general states do not normally take progressive forms Keep Verb Tenses Consistent, However, some sentences with more than one action do The Perfect Tenses: require you If an action began in the past and continues into to switch VERB verb tenses. the present (or its effect TENSE does ), use the Present (Meaning) Perfect tense. If one action in the past precedes another, and need to clarify or emphasize the time sequence, then use the Past Perfect tense. In a more subtle example, you can use the Past Progressive to describe a background event , while you use Simple Past to describe a more important event in the foreground .(语 义不在一个层级) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE Still In Effect… PRESENT PERFECT= HAVE/HAS + Past Participle the Present Perfect indicates either continued action or continued effect of a completed action. only to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events. BUT if the sequence is already obvious, we often do not need Past Perfect. The Earlier A sequence of verbs with the same subject does not require Past Perfect. Rather, use Action(also indicate the Simple Past for all...
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...Grammar S+V.1-s/es S+V.1-s/es Present Simple 1.กิจวัตร(Habits and repeated action) -always , usually , often , sometimes , never , every……. , hardly 2.ความจริง(Facts and general truths) 3.ตารางเวลา,แผนการที่วางไว้ S+is/am/are+V.ing S+is/am/are+V.ing Present Continuous 1.เกิดขึ้นขณะที่พูด(Happening at the moment of speaking) 2.เกิดในช่วงนี้ ไม่ต้องขณะที่พูดก็ได้(Happening around the moment of speaking) EX. She is working for an advertising for company. 3.เกิดในอนาคตแน่ๆ วางแผนแล้ว(Describe temporary) EX. My friend is coming tonight. Present ‘Perfect’ ÿResult(เกิดและจบแล้ว) S+has/have+V.3 S+has/have+V.3 1.เหตุการณ์เกิดในอดีตและเพิ่งสิ้นสุด -just , yet , already , finally , recently Ex.She have just finished reading book. 2.เกิดในอดีตแต่ไม่ระบุเวลาแน่ชัด -ever , never , once , twice , …… Ex.Have you ever been to Paris? 3.ดำเนินอดีตปจบ. และจะดำเนินไปอนาคต Past Present -since(จุดเริ่มเวลา/past simple) ,for+ระยะเวลา,so far,up to now Ex.She has studied Japanese for 5 years. Present ‘Perfect Continuous’ Duration S+has/have been+V.ing S+has/have been+V.ing ทำจากอดีต -> ปจบ.(ยังไม่เสร็จ)และจะต่อเนื่องไปอนาคต ทำแบบไม่หยุดพัก Ex.Jim has been waiting for Tom for 2 hours. Obligation from ourelves=must Obligation from other/organization/rules =have to Mustn’t->prohibition Have to->not necessary to do | Present+be | Past+have+V.3 | certain | Must be | Must have...
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...Trends This paper is on criminal justice trends. In this paper, past, present, and future trends in law enforcement will be discussed. Also, the budgetary and managerial will also be discussed. These things are important in all areas of criminal justice. The way that the criminal justice system changes from the past to the present has had a big impact on the way the criminal justice system is. Changes that were in the past had an impact on the present as changes in the present will have an impact on the future. The changes that will be in the future will also have a big impact on the criminal justice system. With changes, no matter how big or how small always has impact to the upcoming years. When it comes to the criminal justice system, it does not matter if it is in law enforcement, (police, detectives, or any other), courts (judges or lawyers), or even corrections, they are all important. They all have a big impact on the criminal justice system and how it is ran. There are different types or jobs of law enforcement. Some of these jobs are: * Uniformed police officers * Sheriffs and deputy sheriffs * State police, also known as state troopers or highway patrol officers. * Detectives Just to name a few. They are all important to the past, present, and future of the criminal justice system. They all had important jobs in the past and they still have important jobs in the present. Their jobs will be just as important in the future. Even though...
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...Trends This paper is on criminal justice trends. In this paper, past, present, and future trends in law enforcement will be discussed. Also, the budgetary and managerial will also be discussed. These things are important in all areas of criminal justice. The way that the criminal justice system changes from the past to the present has had a big impact on the way the criminal justice system is. Changes that were in the past had an impact on the present as changes in the present will have an impact on the future. The changes that will be in the future will also have a big impact on the criminal justice system. With changes, no matter how big or how small always has impact to the upcoming years. When it comes to the criminal justice system, it does not matter if it is in law enforcement, (police, detectives, or any other), courts (judges or lawyers), or even corrections, they are all important. They all have a big impact on the criminal justice system and how it is ran. There are different types or jobs of law enforcement. Some of these jobs are: * Uniformed police officers * Sheriffs and deputy sheriffs * State police, also known as state troopers or highway patrol officers. * Detectives Just to name a few. They are all important to the past, present, and future of the criminal justice system. They all had important jobs in the past and they still have important jobs in the present. Their jobs will be just as important in the future. Even though...
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...progressive tense. GERUND PREDICATE VERB Even though is cooking and was scratching end in -ing, they are not gerunds because they are used as predicate verbs, not as nouns. 2. Participles A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech. A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective. Two kinds of participles: A. Present participles, always ending in -ing, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be ( am, is, are, was, were, been) as an auxiliary verb (progressive tense). Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -ing form of the main verb as an adjective produces a present participle. B. Past participles, usually ending in -ed or -en, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice). Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -en form of the main verb as an adjective produces a past participle. Past participles may also be part of a participial phrase. B. Past participles, usually ending in -ed or -en, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice). Removing...
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...to reflect on the functioning of memory, for memory lies at the heart both of inner life and of human experience in general. It is indeed in the works of writers such as Marcel Proust or Jorge Luis Borges that the best exemplifications of the subjective experience of memory are to be found. However, from a strictly mnemonic point of view, literature provides more than a means of reflecting on memory: it is also the site of the rebirth and construction of individual and collective memories, which can then serve as a foundation for the writing of fictional works. Creative writing has a meiotic function and is as such a powerful tool capable of rescuing memories from oblivion and bringing them back to life, thus reconciling the past with the present. The present article seeks to bring to bear new perspectives on the relationship between a novelist’s personal memories, collective memory, and the fictional narratives partially inspired by these two types of memory. In the first section we briefly examine the distinction traditionally made between individual memory and collective memory, which we then try to reconcile so as to arrive at an approach to the mnemonic phenomenon that best fits the needs of literary scholars. In the second section we challenge the conventional distinction made between memory and fiction, showing instead how the two concepts are linked and focusing, among other things, on the theory of “memory plasticity,” which holds that imagination plays an important role...
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...control of information and history in the novel, through many different ideas. One main ways this theme is brought out is through the Party's slogan "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past", which is repeated in this novel. This theme is also, the fact that the Party controls every source of information and history. This is shown through the "Ministry of Truth", it manages and rewrites the pages of history for its own benefits. The final way in which the Party controls information and history is through not allowing people to keep their own memories of the past, such as their own pictures or documents, which means that the only true knowledge of the past exists in their memory. One of the main ways in which this theme is brought out is through the idea of Newspeak, so that it would be impossible "see" thoughts, because there is no words to even express them with. Another way in which language is used as mind control is the Party's slogans, which are taught into the citizens of Oceania from the moment they are born, until the day they die, through the "telescreens" and banners which are all over the city. All of these ideas are easy to pointout throughout the novel. The Party's slogan "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past" has a very important role in bringing out the theme of how the Party controls information and history. This slogan appears twice in...
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...English Grammar Lessons www.english-grammar-lessons.com • Present Continuous • Present Simple • Present Simple or Continuous • Past Simple • Past Continuous • Past Simple or Continuous • Irregular Verbs • Present Perfect • Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Past Simple • Past Perfect • The Future -Going to • The Future -Will • Will or Going to • The Future -present forms • Will - other uses • Shall • The Imperative • The Passive • The -ing form • Can • Could • May/Might • Should • Must/Have to • Zero Conditional • First Conditional • Second Conditional • Third Conditional • Wish The present continuous The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent. In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking. • It's raining. • Who is Kate talking to on the phone? • Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet. • I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly. In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term. • I'm looking for a new apartment. • He's thinking about leaving his job. • They're considering...
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...“Any Old Bag Will Do” Niki Tucker Ms. Dodson Speech 1010 4 January, 2015 Title: Any Old Bag Will Do Specific Purpose: Introduction Today I am going to be sharing with you three items that represent my past, present and future. My past, present and future differ because over the years my interests and life has changed, but not in every single way. 1. This is Pinky. (Holding Pinky and a Bible.) A. Pinky represents my past. 1. Pinky has been a part of my life for as long as I can remember. My mom gave her to me when I was a small child. She gave me comfort when I was small. I slept with her every night for several years and she helped me to not be afraid of the dark. 2. This is a very complicated puzzle with many pieces that look like they would fit together, but in reality all the pieces of the puzzle only fit with a few other pieces. A. This puzzle represents my present. (Show puzzle while still holding Bible.) 1. My life is complicated. I have many different passions and I am trying to figure out what passion fits best with me and my life in order for me to be able to love what I do with my future. 3. This is a picture of me playing guitar and singing. A. This picture of myself represents my future. (Show picture while still holding the Bible.) Though I cannot predict the future, I hope to be a professional musician one day.) 1. I have dreamed of being a professional musician ever since I was young. I have worked...
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...Table of Contents Noun 4 Number 4 Proper noun 5 Common Noun 5 Collective noun 6 Abstract noun 6 VERB AND AUXILIARY 6 Preposition 7 Conjunction 7 Articles 8 SENTENCE STRUCTURE 9 Structure of a simple sentence 9 PRESENT TENSE 10 S – A – V rules 11 Possessive case 11 Universal Auxiliaries 11 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 12 When to use 12 Rules 12 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 13 Rules 13 Subject Auxiliary Verb 13 Universal Auxiliaries 13 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 14 Rules 14 Subject Auxiliary verb form 14 Universal Auxiliaries 14 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 15 Rules 15 Subject Auxiliary verb form 15 Universal Auxiliaries 15 PAST TENSE 16 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 16 Universal Auxiliaries 16 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 17 Rules 17 Subject Auxiliary verb form 17 Universal Auxiliaries 17 SIMPLE PAST TENSE 18 Rule 18 Universal Auxiliaries 18 PAST PERFECT TENSE 19 Rule 19 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 19 Universal Auxiliary 19 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 20 Rule 20 Subject Auxiliary verb form 20 Universal Auxiliaries 20 FUTURE TENSE 21 Rules 21 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 21 Universal Auxiliaries 21 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 22 Rules 22 Subject Auxiliary verb form 22 Universal Auxiliaries 22 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 23 Rules 23 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 23 Universal Auxiliary 23 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 24 Rules 24 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 24 Universal Auxiliaries 24 EXERCISES...
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...Complete Name of Student Complete Name of Professor Subject Description 10 November 2013 Socrates Fortlow, History, and Anna Deavere Smith The story “History”, in Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned, takes a special significance on what can be considered as one of the most concerning and persistent problems of mankind: the social injustices caused by disenfranchisement based on race and culture. Walter Mosley, the author of the story, reflects a special tie to what Anna Deavere Smith considers as the greatest lost that could possibly arise in an artistic work: that is, reducing the reality in how a story is being transferred from the actual to the duplicative form. In Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned, Walter Mosley responds to the feasibilities for a person who has been incarcerated for a long time to readjust and to play a role in the society. The main character, who is Socrates Fortlow, has been contending with the life after and outside of prison after his release. By means of a series of unified and interrelated events focused on Socrates and his outlook, the reader will stumble across a system of problems, interlocked and tessellated the forms the backbone of the story. Socrates lives in the streets of Los Angeles; and from this haven reflect are the upshots of urban dilemmas such as poverty, crime, discrimination, violence, and white racism. Although Mosley leaves out the limits of mystery in writing this book, he has manifested his knowledge and observation...
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...main connection between the present and the past, also by causing him the inability to make new long-term memories. In the movie Inception, this same idea is presented to us but in a different form. Auxier describes it as “ a lasagna of ideas about time and dreams” (Auxier, 280) and begins with firstly explaining the idea of mementoes and totems. A “totem” is an object that the characters in this film keep with them in real life and in the dream world. It is identified as something unique, heavy and that only the owner is allowed to handle. Its purpose is to provide the dream-invaders a way of knowing whether they are in the dream world or in reality. If a totem is expected to fall, or operate in a certain way, then any change in this indicates that you are in a dream. Most importantly, Auxier says that this serves as “a point of connection between what you’re experiencing within yourself (beliefs, perceptions, assumptions) and the way the world really is.” (Auxier, 282) The idea of a “totem” allows for continuity of time in the narrative, it acts as a guide when discontinuities are found. Furthermore, both films attempt to explore the same problem, the continuity and discontinuity in our experience, and how discontinuity affects our ability to know the truth about the world we live in. Between the time passing and the way we experience it, lies a gap; however this is where memory comes into play. Memory is the way we see our world (through our past experiences) therefore we...
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...Past, Present, Future The past dictates of who you are and what you have become. We all have live a past of which was once present. The ways you act can affect your future in many ways. Just one unthoughtful choice can cause you to regret your past. No matter how much one wants to change the past, the feeling of guilt can never change that. Guilt can never change the past as worrying can never change the future. In the Novel, The Kite Runner, Amir witnesses Hassan's encounter with Assef, since that incident, Amir suffers the thought of guilt throughout his whole life. His relationship with Hassan was broken and it lead to many events that Amir wish he could reverse. This lead to many events that molded Amir into the present man he is today. The past reminisces the minds and actions of several character in the book and Amir's future will continue to change due to the actions he has done in the past. People's respect in Afghanistan is mainly based off their social class. Pashtuns treat Hazaras poorly and they are above them. The difference in social class set Amir and Hassan apart. Although Hassan was Amirs servant. They were best friends. For an example, during an incident in the beginning of the book, Amir said,"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan – the way he'd stood up for me all those times in the past – and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In...
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...we only use a comma when the “if” clause come first. II. Hero Conditional: Form: In hero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentences is the simple present. |If clause (condition) |Main clause (result) | |If + simple present |Simple present | |If this thing happens |That thing happens | As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical. In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with "when", because both express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged. For examples: 1. If you heat ice, it melts. 2. Ice melts if you heat it. 3. When you heat ice, it melts. 4. Ice melts when you heat it. 5. Ice melts when you heat it. Function: The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. For examples: 1. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. 2. Plants die if...
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