...An Assignment On Relationship between GDP & HDI Submitted ToCourse Instructor Of B-University of DhakaDepartment of Banking | Submitted ByMd. Yasir ArafatId No. 62B.B.A 13th BatchDepartment of BankingUniversity of Dhaka | Date of Submission08.o7.09 | Introduction to GDP A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways of measuring the size of its economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (usually a calendar year). It is also considered the sum of value added at every stage of production (the intermediate stages) of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Components of GDP Each of the variables C (Consumption), I (Investment), G (Government spending) and X − M (Net Exports) (where GDP = C + I + G + (X − M) as above) C (Consumption) is private consumption in the economy. This includes most personal expenditures of households such as food, rent, medical expenses and so on but does not include new housing. I (Investment) is defined as investments by business or households in capital. Examples of investment by a business include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is also included in Investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, 'Investment' in GDP does not mean purchases...
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...Introduction In the world, emerging market is growing and huge what refer to a country that has more potential characteristics of a developed market and the national income per capita is relatively lower than developed markets. Brazil, Russia, India, China(BRIC) are the largest emerging market countries and the other emerging countries are including South Korea, Turkey, Chile, Thailand, Poland, etc. These emerging market countries are generally numerous population and they have a large domestic market that means the demand for goods and services are very big. Emerging markets has a free market system which is democratic system and the features is they open the door to welcome more foreign investment as well as the good promotion to improve the trade relationship between countries. Also, emerging markets drive growth in the global economy so they are very important. Although emerging market accounted for a certain size and influence in the global economy, emerging market still have challenges and risks. In this assignment, I selected Brazil to discuss the characteristics, challenges, the environment of economy and the impact of market factors. Global overview Brazil is the most influential country in South America which is rising economic power and it is one of the world’s biggest democracies. Brazil has natural resources especially iron ore that is highly prized by major manufacturing nations such as China. Brazil is the largest country in both South America and...
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...Globalization refers to the process of increased integration between different economies around the world and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. The four main indicators of globalization include: international trade flows, international financial flows, international investment flows and the transfer of technology, as well as the movement of labour between countries. Mao Tse Tung’s successor, Deng Xiao Ping, implemented a range of radical economic reforms that transformed China into an economy with a domestic focus to one with an international focus. Since becoming integrated within the global economy, China has become a bastion of world economic growth (increase in real GDP over time) and this has enabled it to make some progress in economic development (a broad measure of quality of life). Globalisation has affected every country around the world differently. Specifically, the Chinese economy averaged 10.1% economic growth between 2003 and 2009 as a result of globalisation, causing it to become the second largest economy in the world. China experienced its annual real GDP rising from 8% in 2003 to over 11% in 2007. This high level of growth has seen China’s share of the world economy increase by 3.5% in this period to 15% in 2006, when measured in PPP terms. China’s now accounts fro 25% of world eco growth about equal to USA’s share. The main drivers of this high rate of economic growth were business investment and...
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...PROGRAM ON THE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth David E. Bloom January 2011 PGDA Working Paper No. 65 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Harvard Initiative for Global Health. The Program on the Global Demography of Aging receives funding from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices...
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...Improvement………………………………………………..9 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….11 References……………………………………………………………………………….13 Influencing Factors of Health Care Expenditure: Opportunities to Improve Canada’s Statistics Globally, the number of variations that contribute to the government’s financial contribution to the health care system is great and ever changing. The amount of money spent on health expenditures varies as well, and is specific to each country. In countries with a high income, such as the United States and France, the per capita health expenditure averages over 3,000 USD, while in countries that are considered resource poor, such as Israel and Mexico, the average per capita amount is only 30 USD. (Ke, Saksena, & Holly, 2011). Wide variations in health expenditure are also specific to each country’s economic development. Less resourceful countries have been noted to only spend less than 3% of GDP on health, while other, more economically developed countries spend more than 12% of GDP on health. (Ke et al.,2011). The growth of health expenditures in OECD countries is supported by extensive literature. This paper will give specific data related to two specific OECD countries, Canada and Sweden. Trends in health statistics will be analyzed, as well as contributing factors to both the rise and fall of health expenses. This paper examines and compares the health expenditure statistics, contributing variants and their...
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...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
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...[pic] Assignment for Course: BUS 625 Multi-National Corporations and International Trade Submitted to: Dr. Lee Pickler Submitted by: Zachery Engels, Frank Mayse, and Gina Glorioso Rendall Date of Submission: April 11, 2015 Title of Assignment: Global Expansion Project - Ancestry CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: __Gina Glorioso Rendall__________ ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: AN EXECUTIVE BRIEFING ON [pic] Researched by Downtown Dominators Zachery Engels, Franklin Mayse, and Gina Glorioso Rendall Spring 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 5 DOMINANT MARKET ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 POLITICAL / REGULATORY 5 ECONOMIC: MACRO 5 TECHNOLOGY 6 SOCIETAL 6 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE 6 SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 9 FINANCIAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 9 CASH 9 MARKETABLE SECURITIES 9 LEVERAGE (ABILITY TO BORROW) 9 CREDIT RATING 10 STANDARD AND POOR RATING 10 ...
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...workforce c) there are several other aspects of development 4. a) b) c) Economic growth is pivotal, because it is easier to achieve than the other aspects of development it has a symbiotic link with the other aspects of development it helps generate savings for investment 5. a) b) c) GDP is not a sufficient indicator of development because, some economic activities are left out of the calculation large countries have bigger GDP it does not reflect how income is distributed 6. a) b) c) GDP per capita is a useful indicator because, it helps inter country comparison of living standards it helps to understand what each individual earns in a country it is a better indicator than total GDP 7. a) b) c) To make GDP per capita internationally comparable, they must be calculated in US$ they should be calculated in the strongest international currency they can be calculated in any currency adjusted for purchasing power in different countries. 8. a) b) c) The Lorenz curve is a good indicator of development since it tells you the percentage of poor people in a country the degree of inequality of income distribution the quality of life in a country 9. a) b) c) The Gini Coefficient is a better indicator of income...
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...with innovation, perseverance and a broad vision. Its critical to have the “big picture” in mind while we want to position and well-establish the smallest things, after all the intensity of effect that something can cause cannot be under-estimated. A tiny sim-card that provides enormous data and communication coverage, an atom bomb which caused ruthless destruction in Japan, a small silicon chip that provides powerful processing speed in our computers, a tablet of aspirin that at times saves life; none can be ignored. It is important, thus, to identify the patterns, the trends, the relationships between smaller items in the “big picture” to channelize our efforts towards a unique direction. Behind every innovation lies a unique idea, and behind every successful idea lies the large audience it will cater to. Clinical research is one such area that can help a large population with some of their grave needs through small yet life-changing discoveries. What is clinical research? As per wikipedia.com, “Clinical research is a branch of medical science that determines the safety and effectiveness of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease.” In simple words, clinical research deals all activities from inception of idea, arranging sponsors, choosing and managing the clinical site, conducting phases 1, 2 and 3 of the...
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...researched for potential market entry of Silkwood Wines, using macro-environmental (PEST) analysis, are Argentina and New Zealand. • Argentina is an attractive market for winemakers from ‘target-market’ point of view, but it is not a good time to commence exporting to this country. Unfavourable political and economic situation are the strongest factors that influence this decision. High physical, psychic, cultural and linguistic distances from Australia represent additional potential complications. • New Zealand on the other hand offers less opportunity for profits, but being physically, psychically, culturally and linguistically close to Australia, with a favourable applicable tariff rates and historically good relationship, it is a safe option. • American slightly positive GDP growth in the last quarter and some other latest statistics indicate that the worst times relating to world financial crisis is in the past. Nevertheless, world’s economists are prognosticating that long time is needed for full recovery. Some countries are still in recession and Argentina is battling hard to come out as a winner. Higher risks are associated with these hard times, thus a safer option is recommended. • Taking all this into consideration and the facts that Silkwood Wines are inexperienced in exporting and have limited human and financial resources, I recommend New Zealand as the best country for initial entry. With characteristics above described, New Zealand can be regarded as an ‘extension’...
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...soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information technology (IT) revolution, trade liberalization and other economic reforms, the entry of an estimated 2 billion people into the labor force as a result of the breakdown of the Soviet bloc and the opening of China, and the freer movement of capital and technology from developed countries to developing countries, the size of the global economy doubled over the decade preceding the 2008-2009...
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...transitional effects of structural reform. Fiscal year 2000 was marked by a sharp increase in monetary expansion due to unprecedented borrowing from the banking sector (though the sale of treasury bills) to cover budget shortfalls due. Domestic borrowing increased primarily due to the reduced availability of external concessional financing. For 2001/02, however, the IMF predicted a sharp decline to around 3.5% due to the global economic slowdown and the contractions after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States. Economic Environment During the early 1990s, Bangladesh made considerable progress in stabilizing and liberalizing its economy. As a result, inflation was much lower than previously, and average annual real GDP growth in 1992-98 was above 5%, largely led by exports involving ready-made garments (RMGs). Indeed, one of the most striking features of Bangladesh’s trade is that textiles and particularly clothing dominate exports: their combined share grew from 70.4% in 1992 to 83.5% in 1998; by...
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...Week1. Introducing Economic Development: A Global Perspective & Comparative Economic Development Absolute Poverty: a situation of being unable to meet the minimum levels of income, food, clothing, healthcare, shelter and other essentials. (over 40% of the world’s population lives on less than 2 dollar per day). Subsistence Economy: an economy in which production is mainly for personal consumption and the standard of living yields little more than basic necessities of life—food, shelter and clothing. (A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture. "Subsistence" means supporting oneself at a minimum level; in a subsistence economy, economic surplus is minimal and only used to trade for basic goods, and there is no industrialization.) Development：The process of improving the quality of all human lives and capabilities by raising people’s levels of living, self-esteem, and freedom. Developing countries: Countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union, that are presently characterized by low levels of living and other development deficits. Used in the development literature as a synonym for less developed countries. Traditional economics: An approach to economics that emphasize utility, profit maximization, market efficiency, and determination of equilibrium. Political economy:...
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...Population-Control-Policies and their Implications for Economic Growth in China Bachelor’s Thesis supervised by the Department of Economics at the University of Zurich Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Zilibotti to obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics Author: Noemi Schramm Course of Studies: Economics Closing date: August 17, 2011 Abstract This bachelor thesis is giving an overview on previously performed research how family-planning-policies in China (explicitly the so-called One-Child-Policy) have affected economic growth since 1979 and tries to give possible predictions and forecasts on how it could affect economic growth until 2050 through critical model analysis. The Solow model gives theoretical answers but also yields analytical results through calculations subject to different population development scenarios (low, middle, high growth rates). The dependency ratio as a measurement of population age structure is analyzed and implemented into the Solow model to help understand the influence of family-planning-policies. It is shown that the One-Child-Policy affected heavily the last 32 years of China’s economic development and will continue to affect its future, but according to the calculations in this paper, the impact changes from a positive one to a negative one. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Fabrizio Zilibotti for his supervision and for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis at his chair. Especially I would like to thank Yikai Wang for...
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...payments, (or BOP) measures the payments that flow between any individual country and all other countries. It is used to summarize all international economic transactions for that country during a specific time period, usually a year. The BOP is determined by the country's exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital, as well as financial transfers. It reflects all payments and liabilities to foreigners (debits) and all payments and obligations received from foreigners (credits). Balance of payments is one of the major indicators of a country's status in international trade, with net capital outflow.[citation needed] The balance, like other accounting statements, is prepared in a single currency, usually the domestic. Foreign assets and flows are valued at the exchange rate of the time of transaction. IMF definition The IMF definition: "Balance of Payments is a statistical statement that summarizes transactions between residents and nonresidents during a period."[1] The balance of payments comprises the current account, the capital account, and the financial account. "Together, these accounts balance in the sense that the sum of the entries is conceptually zero."[1] * The current account consists of the goods and services account, the primary income account and the secondary income account. * The financial account records transactions that involve financial assets and liabilities and that take place between residents and nonresidents. * The capital...
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