...Juvenile Delinquency and the Adult Court System Soc. 321 Juvenile Delinquency February 21, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Social Norms in Society 4 The founding father 4 Gangs 4 Juvenile Delinquent 5 Juvenile Justice 5 Juvenile Prosecution 6 Waivers 7 Factors for Waivers ...
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...Criminal responsibility of juvenile A “juvenile” means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. A boy or girl under eighteen years of age is a “juvenile” according to the Juvenile Justice Act (JJA), 2000. Earlier, according to the JJA, 1986, the age of boys and girls were different, but however, the JJA 2000 which repealed the JJA, 1986, brought the age of male juveniles at par with the female juveniles. Another reason for increasing the age of male juveniles by the JJA 2000 is to bring the Indian juvenile legislation into conformity with the ‘United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)’. Article 1 of CRC states for the purposes of the present Convention, a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. Therefore, both the boys and girls below the age of eighteen years enjoy the protection of juvenile legislation. The term ‘children in conflict with the law’ as stated by the United Nation’s Children Fund refers to anyone under 18 who comes into contact with the justice system as a result of being suspected or accused of committing an offence. In India, the JJA, 2000 defines “juvenile in conflict with law” as a juvenile who is alleged to have committed an offence and has not completed eighteenth year of age as on the date of commission of such offence. Juvenile Crime Law is a subcategory of Juvenile Law. Although a type of criminal law, juvenile crime law only deals...
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...Juvenile Crime Tracey B. Freeman CJS 200 February 15, 2015 Jeffery Beasley Juvenile Crime The court system is very important and plays a role in how safe our community, state, and country can be. There are different and specials courts but the ones that are mainly divided would have to be juvenile and adult courts. Juvenile courts and adult courts have similarities, but they also have many differences. Although they both have the same principle, they both use different terminology, options, and reserve different constitutional rights. The court system will always treat minors and adults differently and because of this, teenagers or adolescents are offered more of a chance to turn their lives around before they turn down the wrong path too significantly to retract, gain more responsibility (some may have fines to pay that only they are allowed to pay if judge/probation officer demands), and depending on how bad of the situation, they will receive a dose of reality. Juvenile court is made up of three different cases: delinquency, dependency, and status offenses. For delinquency cases, the adolescent who has committed the crime would have been tried as an adult, however since they are a minor, they would use procedures of significant difference. According to Juvenile Justice (2015), since 2005 the U.S. Supreme Court has limited practices such as the execution of offenders who are under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed and life without parole...
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...of the Juvenile Justice System and which model to you agree with and why? The Juvenile Justice System has been marked by many shifts in thinking concerning how to treat juveniles. Before the twentieth century, Juveniles were considered property and were treated the same as adults in the criminal justice system. The move away from viewing children just as property to viewing them as those in need of protection happened during Europe’s Renaissance period. The Industrial Revolution brought early child labor laws and programs designed to alleviate the ill of urbanization are precursors to the juvenile justice system of today. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century the concept of rehabilitation began in puritan America. In 1823, houses of refuge were created to take in all children who were neglected, abused, or delinquent. The concepts of parens patriae and in loco parentis served as the foundation for interventions such as houses of refuge. Into the late 1800’s and early 1900’s a call for reform led to the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States by the child savers. The early Juvenile Justice system was founded on the belief that the state could and should as in loco parentis under parens patriae. In the late nineteenth century the juvenile justice system’s purpose was to determine cause, diagnose illness, and prescribe treatment. The Juvenile Justice system became part of the United States legal system with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of...
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...Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried and Punished As Adult Offenders? Steven W. Eudy Columbia Southern University EH 1020: English Composition II Professor John Willey February 28, 2011 Abstract In America, it seems as though the crime rate grows on a daily basis. While the crime rate continues to grow so does the number of juvenile offenders that are involved in criminal activity. Since late 1980’s, the number of juvenile arrests, has risen steadily and has continued to rise every year since then. With juvenile offenders committing the same crimes as adult offenders, it seems as though the juveniles should be tried and punished to the same extinct as the adult offenders that commit the same crimes. Juvenile courts have been put into place to handle the trials of juveniles and are used for guidance rather than punishment. Juvenile courts were introduced as a method to keep juveniles out of the adult courts until the age of 18, which defines a juvenile as an adult. As the crime rate continues to grow and more juveniles continue to commit adult crimes or serious violent crimes, will the juvenile court system be adequate for juvenile trials and enacting punishment for crimes that are committed by juveniles? Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried and Punished As Adult Offenders? In law a juvenile is defined as a person who is not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts. In most states and on the federal level, this age is set at 18 years. For example...
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...History of Juvenile Justice System Roger King University of Mount Olive Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes CJC 310 Timothy Malfitano February 7, 2015 Abstract This paper will discuss the history of the juvenile justice system. I started this paper by looking at the history of the juvenile justice system, which showed how laws and legal measures involving juvenile offenders have an extensive history. There were no isolated courts or laws, and no services for juveniles, up till the 19th century, children who committed serious offenses were punished and restrained in prison the same way as adults. The changes in legislation rose the age at which individuals officially became adults. This change helped many juveniles escape the cruel treatment in the adult prisons. These changes were based on new understanding of the relationship between physical, mental maturity and acknowledgment. The American juvenile justice system has evolved over the past century with variation that embellished from the adult criminal justice process. The first juvenile's court was acknowledged in 1899, in Chicago, Illinois, and by1945, all states had juvenile courts. The juvenile crime rates particularly homicide rose during the 1980s and 1990s. Therefor the system faces a vast of questions about whether young offenders should be tried and sentenced in a different way than adult offenders (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, Chapter 1). The juvenile courts wanted to turn young felons into...
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...Should juveniles be tried as adults? Does it depend on the crime committed? If so, what should be the determining factor(s) in deciding to transfer juveniles to adult courts? Case Assignment 4 September 5, 2011 Violent crimes committed by juveniles have fluctuated over the years. The children of today are subjected to violence in popular songs, television shows, and even computer games. Parents’ having guns accessible to children and the society the child lives in all play a part in the destruction of our youth. Juvenile offenders are now facing tougher punishment for their actions. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his or her actions? These are the questions plaguing the American legal system today, as the violent acts of juvenile offenders continue to make headlines. The Juvenile correction system is about one hundred years old. It was created in the 1800s on the philosophy that children are inherently different from adults and it is the state’s responsibility to protect and rehabilitate young offenders. Until the inception of the youth justice system, children were tried in criminal courts along with adults. Movement for juvenile justice reform was informed by the 16th century educational reform movement in England that perceived children to be different than miniature adults, with less than fully developed moral and cognitive capacities. As early as 1825, the Society for...
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... |The Court System | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction and overview of the legal system, the participants, the courtroom process, and post-conviction process of the court system. It demonstrates the connections among participants and how they relate to each other. Additionally, the course covers the history of the court system and the different types of court at the state and federal levels. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Meyer, J. F., & Grant, D. R. (2003). The courts in our criminal justice system. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: History of the Courts...
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...Permenter CJ 606: The Transferring of Juvenile Offenders Commentary Three Dr. Yaschica Williams The most serious juvenile crimes have always been the political Achilles’ heel of the American juvenile court Fagan & Zimring (2000). Even when public opinion is tolerant of juvenile delinquency, the teen killer is the nightmare case for the juvenile justice system. In an age where the phrase juvenile super predator is often heard in the federal congress and state legislatures, the deep-end adolescent offender is a particular threat to public acceptance of the mission and objectives of juvenile justice. It is little wonder, then, that legislation concerning transfer is a near-universal feature of the politics of juvenile justice. The traditionally stated purpose of judicial wavier is to permit individualization of the decision whether a particular person is capable of being rehabilitated in the juvenile system-the amenability decision Fagan & Zimring (2000). In addition, the judicial wavier procedure provides a safety value for the juvenile system to exclude children who commit offenses that are believed to require the imposition of sanction that are beyond the capacity of the juvenile system to provide. Some form of judicial wavier or a substitute safety value is necessary in order to preserve the juvenile justice system politically within the context of modern penological expectations. It is difficult empirically to evaluate the contemporary role of judicial wavier in the overall...
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...Explain why police have lots of discretion with juveniles? give examples! Introduction In recent years there has been growing concern about the incidence and seriousness of juvenile offending. This concern has not been unwarranted. Statistics gathered for the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice indicated a significant increase in the number of juvenile arrests, from year to year, during the late 1980’s and throughout the early 1990’s. One snapshot, in 1996, revealed that the number of juvenile arrests that year represented a 35 percent increase over 1987 while arrests overall had increased only 13 percent over the same time period (Sourcebook, 1997). The percent increase in juvenile arrests for ‘violent offenses’ was even greater over the same time period (see Worden and Myers (1999) “Police Encounters with Juvenile Suspects” report submitted to the National Research Council’s Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control). In addition, media portrayals of juvenile crime as increasing in frequency and seriousness, while not entirely accurate, affect public sentiment about juvenile troublemakers and about what might constitute appropriate responses from the juvenile justice system. Despite evidence of a decline in the number of juvenile arrests as well as evidence of an overall decline in juvenile crime since the mid 1990’s (Lynch 2002), public and political concern about juvenile offending remains high. Evidence of this sentiment is noted by the nationwide increase...
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...University April 17, 2011 Abstract Probation is one of the alternative responses for prison overcrowding, and it is the primary prosecutorial instrument in the war of drugs. It is an agency that plays two roles in the criminal justice system: it works as a law enforcement agency (protecting the society) and it provides social service (offering rehabilitation for minor offenders who pose minimal risks to public safety). The state department of corrections is in charge of probation when this is fulfilling its executive function. On the other side, the local courts or the state judiciary is responsible for probation officers when it plays its judicial role. Probation’s law enforcement function belongs to the executive branch and its social role fit into the judiciary branch (probation officers bound by the will of the court). Probation, as an alternative to incarceration, is one of the most frequent sentences used in United States. It brings benefits to the individual and the government. The offender receives a sentence while not staying in prison, and the government saves money on not sending the offender to incarceration. Juvenile offenders occupy a decent number on the probation system. More than half of juveniles who receive a juvenile court sanction are placed on probation (Worrall, 2008). This could have the explanation that our criminal justice system is more dependent on community sanctions than prison or punitive sanctions. Due to the overcrowding...
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...CJA 374 Week 2 DQs and Summary This work of CJA 374 Week 2 Discussion Questions and Summary consists of: DQ 1: Do police have too little or too much discretion in their decisions on how to handle specific situations involving juveniles? Include examples and explain your response. DQ 2: Among the principle figures, including family, church, schools, police, and youth organizations, who has the most important role in the prevention of delinquency? Discuss each and explain your choice of most important. DQ 3: Discuss an example of juvenile delinquency with which you are familiar. Describe the delinquency. To what extent did the family contribute to the delinquency? What might the family have done differently? DQ 4: Are girls delinquent for different reasons than boys? Is it fair to compare the two groups? Summary Law - General Law CJA 374 Week 1 Individual Assignment Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper CJA 374 Week 2 Individual Assignment Crime Causation and Diversion Paper CJA 374 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Juvenile and Adult Courts A Comparative Analysis CJA 374 Week 4 Individual Assignment Risk Assesment Paper CJA 374 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Future of the Juvenile Justice System Presentation and Paper You will be able to choose electives that are wonderful for your career. The more subjects you are exposed to, the more likely it is that you will find something that strikes your fancy. Freshman...
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...Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases? Robert Horn Post University The purpose of the Adult Criminal Justice system is to punish offenders according to the severity of the crime committed. The juvenile justice system’s aim is to rehabilitate or mentor the juvenile offenders, in the hope that they can prevent further crimes, and to change their behavior. The motivating principle of the juvenile system is rehab. The reason for this is because juveniles are not fully developed, mentally or physically. Many Juvenile offenders come from broken homes, been abused, or come from bad neighborhoods. Juvenile offenders need a second chance, because they have not even received a first chance. Rehabilitation is the best option for them because of the way they would be exploited and turned into criminals if they were sent directly to prison. If given the chance, the Juvenile Justice System can aid in successfully rehabilitating youthful offenders so they are not inclined to commit future crimes. With this reasoning, juveniles cannot be blamed or accountable for their actions the same way adults are. The Justice System fulfills and important function by establishing standards of conduct. It defines what is right and wrong for people and removes them from the responsibility of taking vengeance out on those who wronged them, which deters the escalation of feuds in the community. The Justice System also...
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...THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM CHAPTER ONE Chapter Outline Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Juvenile Court Jurisdiction Defining Delinquency Defining a Juvenile Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. 2. Explain what is meant by delinquency. 3. Explain what is meant by status offenses. 4. Compare the ways in which the various states define a juvenile. 5. Identify and define the unique terms used in the juvenile justice system. 6. Outline the three major steps in the juvenile justice process. 7. Describe the five decision points in the juvenile justice process. The Language of Juvenile Justice Overview of the Juvenile Justice System Law Enforcement and Other Referral Sources Juvenile Court Disposition Comparison of Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems 8. Compare and contrast the juvenile and criminal justice systems. 3 4 PART ONE Juvenile Justice and Delinquency in the United States Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Before the establishment of the juvenile justice system, courts and judges treated juveniles as adults and, in many instances, juvenile offenders received the same punishment as adults. There was only one system of justice in the United States, and all offenders were processed through it without regard to age. Under common law doctrine, the legal system the American colonists brought from England, a juvenile age seven or older could receive the same...
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...Deputy State’s Attorney (a) earnings/salary range (why is there a range? Are there any other benefits besides monetary compensation?) The median annual salary of an attorney employed in the United States by a local government was $95,950 in May 2013 (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2013). The bottom 10 percent earned less than $51,220, and the top 10 percent earned more than $154,150 (BLS, 2013). “Lawyer salaries can range widely based on several factors such as the size of the firm, the number of employees, kind of law being practiced, location of the firm, the type of clientele served, how much the lawyer is willing to work, and amount of experience gained through law school” (lawyercareer.net, 2014) . In regards to non-monetary benefits, “local government employees typically have access to a number of major benefits in their compensation packages, including health care, retirement and savings, and paid leave” (BLS, 2011) . State and local governments tend to spend more on voluntary benefits at $13.24 per hour worked for their employees, compared with $7.66 for private-sector employers (Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2008). (b) Educational and training requirements (what does an individual need to possess and/or pass to get into this field?) Possession of a bachelor’s degree is required for admission into most law schools in the United States (BLS, 2014). Getting accepted into law school, especially those accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA),...
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