...Grid Energy Storage U.S. Department of Energy December 2013 Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the members of the core team dedicated to developing this report on grid energy storage: Imre Gyuk (OE), Mark Johnson (ARPA-E), John Vetrano (Office of Science), Kevin Lynn (EERE), William Parks (OE), Rachna Handa (OE), Landis Kannberg (PNNL), Sean Hearne & Karen Waldrip (SNL), Ralph Braccio (Booz Allen Hamilton). Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... 1 . Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 State of Energy Storage in US and Abroad .......................................................................................... 11 3.0 Grid Scale Energy Storage Applications .............................................................................................. 20 4.0 Summary of Key Barriers ..................................................................................................................... 30 5.0 Energy Storage Strategic Goals ...............................................
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...Bruno Vincent/Getty Images The row within the UK government over energy policy has been reignited ahead of the party conference season, with the former Tory environment secretary Lord Deben taking on George Osborne over the controversial role of gas. The row is crucial because the outcome of the war within the cabinet over whether gas should be favoured above renewable energy, as the chancellor wants, will determine the shape of the UK's energy infrastructure for decades to come. Hundreds of billions of pounds in potential investment also hang on the result. Lord Deben, formerly John Gummer when he served in the cabinet under John Major, took the highly unusual step of writing publicly to the prime minister, David Cameron, warning that the government was in danger of breaching its own commitments on climate change through its strong backing for new gas-fired power stations. In his first public act as the new chairman of the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), the statutory body set up to advise ministers on how to meet its legal commitments to cut carbon, Lord Deben wrote to "express great concern about the recent government statement [in July] that it sees gas as continuing to play an important role in the energy mix well into and beyond 2030". He pointed out that such an extensive use of gas-fired generation "would be incompatible with meeting legislated carbon budgets [and] unabated gas-fired generation could therefore not form the basis for government policy". Unabated...
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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...Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program March 2011 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program 3 04 07 10 10 11 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 17 18 19 20 23 27 28 28 29 31 Renewable Energies : a priority in Algeria I- Renewable Energy Program Photovoltaic solar energy Solar thermal energy Wind energy II- Energy Efficiency Program Thermal insulation of buildings Solar water heating development Spreading the use of low energy consumption lamps Introducing energy performance in street lighting Promoting energy efficiency in the industrial sector Promoting Liquefied Petroleum Gas fuel Promoting Natural Gas fuel Introduction of key technologies for solar air conditioning III- Development of Industrial Capacity Photovoltaic solar energy Solar thermal energy Wind energy IV- Research and Development V- Legal Framework and Incentives Legal framework Incentives and fiscal measures Regulatory measures VI- Glossary CONTENT 4 Renewable Energies: a priority in Algeria Algeria has created a green momentum by launching an ambitious program to develop renewable energies (REn) and promote energy efficiency. This program leans on a strategy focussed on developing and expanding the use of inexhaustible resources, such as solar energy in order to diversify energy sources and prepares Algeria of tomorrow. Through combining initiatives and the acquisition of knowledge, Algeria is engaged in a new age of sustainable energy use. The program...
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... | | | |You are required to submit a report of 2500-3000 words relating to the University of Glamorgan’s Hydrogen Research Centre at Baglan: | | | |1 | |Provide a background to the production of hydrogen from electrolysis, via renewable electricity in particular. | |...
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...Report on Environmental Analysis of Wind Turbine Market in India ‘Suzlon’s Perspective’ As the Part of the course “Marketing Management” Course Instructor Dr. Preeta Vyas Adani Institute of Infrastructure Management Date: 08/08/2011 Submitted By: Deepesh Vaishanava,Gyan Prakash,Jyoti Shanker Pandey, Neeraj Mehra,Raja Bhattacharjee,Ujjayini Chakraborty. (Group IV) Environmental Analysis of Wind Turbine Market in India: ‘Suzlon’s Perspective’ Selected Infrastructure Sector for study: -- Wind Energy. Selected Company: -- Suzlon. Suzlon: An overview Suzlon as a group aims to provide a strong renewable energy platform thereby promising to power a greener tomorrow, today. Together with its subsidiary REpower, Suzlon has grown to be the 3rd largest wind turbine supplier in the world ensuring it builds a strong and futuristic path for the wind energy sector. From initiating a wind power project, till completion and even beyond, Suzlon ensures that nothing stands in the way of it serving its purpose. Market Leader: In India market share more than 50% , International 6.9% , Largest in India & Asia End to End Solution: Vertical Integration: delivers end-to-end wind power solutions from assembly, installation to commissioning both on shore and offshore. The company manufactures blades, generators, panels, and towers. Downward integration: turnkey projects through its project management and installation consultancy, operations & maintenance services. Extensive R &...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...Justin Smith ENGB 5142 The Role and Challenges of Renewable Energy Energy is readily available everywhere and comes in various forms. Our universe was created when an infinitely large ball of energy suddenly collapsed and appeared as a small single speck that still contained vast amounts of energy and very low volume. Energy is a property of matter that allows life to occur. Energy sources can be transferred. Stated more eloquently in the First Law of Thermodynamics, “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change form.” Capturing different forms of universal energy and transferring them for purposeful use is essential for the progress of modern life. Transferring energy sources in methods of energy production is at the root of every developed nation and its renewability is central to economic development. How can we capture and redirect different forms of energy for more practical use? There are numerous ways to do this; many of which are commonplace around the world today. Acquiring certain forms of energy for use may require mining, drilling, combustion technology, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and other technologies. In the following paragraphs we will explore the vast world of energy by looking at the disadvantages to nonrenewable energy and taking an in-depth look at renewable energy sources and exploring the challenges associated with employing these types of sources in an effort to create energy sustainability in our world. We will also...
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...transportation, telecommunications, electricity, and manufacturing. Although these vehicles cannot be useful to society unless they're fueled and maintained by other resources such as crude oils, natural gas, coal, renewables, and uranium (nuclear). One area in particular I want to touch on is the creation of electricity. Therefore for the purpose of this paper I will discuss the advantages, and disadvantages of the resources required to produce electricity, their lifecycles, and economy and trade. Power generation is a viable source of producing electricity, and the fuel to support it. For example: Crude Oil - A small percentage of this resource is used in power generation as compared to other sources . Crude oil is pumped from underground reservoirs by drilling rigs, and refined . After the refining process its then transported by ships, pipelines, trucks, or trains for consumption or storage at chosen power plants. At the power plant the crude oil is used in different ways for fuel; such as burning the oils and using combined cycle technologies to produce steam which moves the turbines within the plant. Combined cycle technology is the most efficient way to burn oil at the power plant. The use of crude in power generation does not come free, and it must be purchased in the commodities market at the best price available so the utility can resell it to the consumer at an affordable price. To achieve this price energy traders must enroll in an exchange traded...
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...SMALL SCALE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA HUL 736: Developmental Economics and Planning Abstract A study on the small scale energy sector in India and its impacts on development Saumya Mathur 2011ME10725 Sanjeev Ranjan 2011ME10724 Contents Small Scale Energy ......................................................................................................................... 4 Technologies and set-up............................................................................................................... 5 The power plant ......................................................................................................................... 5 Extra equipment needed besides the power plant ..................................................................... 5 Possible set-ups ......................................................................................................................... 6 Costs ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Grid parity ................................................................................................................................. 7 Differences from Traditional Energy .............................................................................................. 7 Advantages and Disadvantages....................................................................................................... 8 Potential...
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...is renewable energy important? Today, the United States relies heavily on fossil fuels and nuclear power to generate its electricity. The result is a system that lacks diversity and security, threatens the health of our citizens, jeopardizes the stability of Earth's climate, and robs future generations of clean air, clean water, and energy independence. Fortunately, renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, bioenergy, and geothermal are capable of meeting a significant proportion of America's energy needs, and can help alleviate many of the problems mentioned above while providing other important benefits. A strong commitment to renewable energy development can: * Protect our environment and public health by avoiding or reducing emissions that contribute to smog, acid rain, and global warming; and by reducing water consumption, thermal pollution, waste, noise, and adverse land use * Increase economic development and create new family-wage jobs * Create new competition to help restrain fossil fuel price increases * Improve our national security * Diversify our fuel mix and enhance the reliability of fuel supplies * Insulate our economy from fossil fuel price spikes and supply shortages or disruptions * Reduce a growing reliance on imported fuel and electricity * Reduce the cost of complying with present and future environmental regulations * Conserve our natural resources for future generations Renewable How? Renewable energy...
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...Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK Gareth Evans Technical Directorate, Ofgem The British Electricity & Gas Regulator 1 gareth.evans@ofgem.gov.uk ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 2 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 3 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design About • Total staff currently ~300 • Principal disciplines: – Economists 50% – Finance/Admin 15% – Legal 6% – Social/Environmental 6% – Technical 6% • Overall Budget ~£30m per year 4 Ofgem’s main office near Houses of Parliament + small office in Glasgow ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Principal objective • Our first priority is to protect the interests of consumers now and for the future. We do this by: – promoting markets/competition wherever appropriate, and – regulating effectively the monopoly companies which run the gas and electricity networks 5 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra...
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...Hydroelectric Energy Hum432 Professor Robinson/Nightwine Laurena Wires History of Hydropower Since the commencement of time, water has been a vital necessity to mankind. As time progressed through the early ages of civilizations, the need to consider water as a basic need has stayed the same. Instead it has developed tremendously. This is due to the continuous growth in population throughout the planet. Since it was first invented, hydro- powered electricity has played a critical role in the improvements made by mankind. This will therefore help us in advancing for many generations to come. Humans have settled in a location with an available source of water, such as a river, a lake and so on. People had to come up with a way of harnessing this valuable natural resource and using it to our benefit. Hence the construction of mills, and dams gained some momentum. For instance, “during the industrial revolution in Britain, in the late 18th century water power played a key role in developing the industrial base of the country”(Dell & Rand, 2004). During the 18th century, the applications of water energy began to spread. According to Dell and Rand (2004), water power entered a new era in 1882 when the world’s first hydro-electric power plant began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. Producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power, this paved the way into new ideas and projects throughout the United States and later around the world. A hydro-electric power plant...
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...Renewable Energy Renewable energy sources have a huge contribution to make in creating a sustainable energy system. They help to mitigate climate change, increase the security of our global energy supply system and give developing countries access to affordable energy in support of the UN Millennium Development Goals. Renewable energy could meet almost half of global energy demand by 2050 according to the International Energy Agency’s ambitious BLUE MAP scenario published in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008. Under this scenario, world greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are halved. By the end of the century, it is conceivable that global energy needs could be supplied mainly from renewable sources, although their contribution would vary from one region to another. Research and development (R&D) has a vital role to play if the potential of renewable energy is to be fully exploited. Policy measures, such as taxes, cap and trade schemes, obligations and feed-in tariffs, which take into account environmental impacts and, in particular, the social cost of carbon dioxide emissions, will contribute to faster deployment. However, investment in R&D will not be delivered by market signals alone; extensive support at the national and international levels is needed to accelerate the development of renewable technologies. R&D targeted at different stages of the innovation chain will yield benefits in the short-term (up to five years), medium-term (5–15 years); and in the...
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...recharge the battery. You will also find fuses and switches and lights for indication purposes. Some electricity generators are used as backup power or other indication purposes. For example, a volt and/or ammeter are used for monitoring a change in voltage or current. However, this change in voltage or current could be brought about through the means of heat or light, which are electricity generators too. In a situation where primary power has failed, the aircraft storage batteries provide an emergency source of electrical power for operating electrical systems of an aircraft. All of these are connected through several meters (kilometres in large aircraft) of wire and connectors, attached to the airframe with insulation materials. In this report, I will be focusing on how these electricity generators are used in the various sections of the aircraft so as to understand the function they serve. I will be looking at four different methods of electricity generation. They are Magnetism and motion, Chemical Action, Light and Heat. Method of Electricity Generation 1 (Magnetism and Motion) It is important to note that magnetism itself does not create electricity. It requires motion relative to the magnetic field to produce electricity. Energy is required to drive the generators, which then makes use of the magnetic properties to create electricity. These are known as aircraft generators. Modern aircrafts however use alternators as they are lighter...
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