...governs all aspects of life, major and minor, personal and social, spiritual and materialistic and relates this worldly life to the Hereafter. This means that we need to practice Islam while we perform our business and economic activities. Muslims are encourage planning for their life and put efforts to achieve the goal setting then ask help from Allah. The final stage is tawakal for what the result and takes it as the destiny bestows by Allah. The prophet Muhammad used to supplicate Allah: ‘My Lord, help me and do not give help against me, grant me a victory, and do not grant victory over me, plan on my behalf and do not plan against me, guide me and made my right guidance easy for me, grant me victory over those who act wrongfully towards me….’[1] (Narrated by Abu Daud.) In Islam, financial planning is not just merely a process of acquisition and accumulating wealth but it has a broad definition which relates to the concept of vicegerent (kalifa). According to the Holy Qur’an, God created man as his vicegerent (or ambassador) on earth. Allah says in A-Quran: Behold, thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a vicegerent on...
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...The Importance of Islamic Accounting in Modern Era by: Chusnul Asfadillah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62899 372 1772 Ines Nur Latifah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62878 8432 3738 DR. Raditya Sukmana Lecturer of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia + 62 878 5421 6776 ABSTRACT Purpose – This paper aims to determine the importance of the Islamic Accounting in modern era. In particular, the paper analyzes the values of the Islamic principles in the accounting process that prevent the unexpected activity such as fraud, dishonest etc to appear in reality. Arthur Anderson case was a result of the fraudulent activities that lead to its termination. Certainly this kind of case is expecting not to be happened in the future. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the descriptive analysis and elaboration of the important element of the Islamic principles used in the accounting process. Furthermore, this paper attempt to make clear distinction between values underlying the Islamic accounting and that of the conventional accounting. Findings – the comparison of those two systems leads to the conclusion that the value in Islam such as honest, fair, truth (which is important in the Islamic accounting process) has more meaning than the similar value of in the conventional accounting. Hold firmly the Islamic value obviously leads to the decrease fraudulent practices and other unexpected activities. Moreover, it increases the social...
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...CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT Literature review: What is Customer Relationship Management (CRM)? Before we begin to examine other framework of the customer relationship management, we must first understand what we mean by customer relationship management. The modern day customer relationship management came into picture in 1960’s. The 4 Ps of the marketing i.e the product, price, promotion and place were found not so valuable in conducting the business when compared to the ongoing customer relationship management techniques. With the realization of this importance about the relationship marketing, in about two years after that, that is in 1980’s the relationship marketing was used extensively by the businesses, organizations and other service providers to maintain an ongoing, healthy relationship delivering high quality goods and services and achieving high satisfaction with their customers which in turn made their customer retention more easy for these businesses. In the mid of the 1990’s these customer relationship marketing was on full swing so a more automated system was developed to support the sales and the customer service techniques. This automated system made it easy for the customers to buy the product online in one click and get the detailed knowledge about the features of the products in the way they would have got if they would have gone manually at the shop to buy that product. This system was particularly developed for the customers, so as to allow...
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...Importance of Shab-e-Mairaaj The Night of Ascension 27th Rajjab A brief description of the Mairaj Just one year before his exodus from Mecca to Madina, on the 27th night of Rajab, Prophet MuhammadPBUH had a unique experience in the history of all religions. The ProphetPBUH, accompanied by Angel Gabriel was taken for Night Journey-(ISRA) from Mecca to Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. There he led a congregation of the souls of all the earlier ProphetsPBUT. Then accompanied by Angel Gabriel he had the Ascension-(MAIRAJ) to Heavens. In the heavens he met again with the ProphetsPBUT individually. Then he was taken to see the Paradise and the Hell. He was shown what the fate of the humans would be after the Day of Judgment. How the Believers and the Righteous would be rewarded in the Paradise and also how the non-believers and the wicked would be chastised in the Hell. After seeing several important divine Signs (Ayaat) he was led by Gabriel to the Sid’rah (The Berry Tree). Gabriel stopped there. The ProphetPBUH proceeded from there to the Divine Proximity. The ProphetPBUH had the Vision of Allah, Lord of the Universe. Five obligatory prayers were ordained by the way of Thanksgiving. The ProphetPBUH was brought back to the earth and to his own place before the Dawn prayers in the same night. Importance of Shab-e-Mairaj The most important things we believe about the Mairaj are noted below: 1) The night journey (ISRA) and the Ascension (MAIRAJ) both did not take place spiritually” nor...
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...IIUM Journal of Economics and Management 11, no.1 (2003): © 2003 by The International Islamic University Malaysia ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION: CONTRIBUTION OF THE ISLAMIC PRINCIPLE OF MAêLAîAH Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (e-mail: abdulrahim@iiu.edu.my) ABSTRACT There is a growing concern over the apparently low moral standards of some accountants and an increasing number of academics who suggest that the education system should bear some of the blame. Ethical components in accounting education have been found to be insufficient and there is a lack of emphasis on humanizing accountants. The objective of this paper is firstly to address the importance of ethics in accounting education and evaluate the development of literature in this area. Secondly, the paper argues for the direction of accounting education to focus on religious ethical development and values in developing accounting ethics. The paper argues that the Islamic worldview and ethics perspective can provide some insights into the process of developing a more humanized and ethical accountant. This paper proposes the Islamic legal principle of ma§laúah as an ethical filtering mechanism to be taught as part of the ethical accounting education process. This is aimed at providing awareness to accounting students and...
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...suburb of Mashad, Iran. He completed his elementary and high school in Mashad. In his years at the Teacher's Training College, he came into contact with youth who were from the lower economic strata of the society and tasted the poverty and hardship that existed. At the age of eighteen, he started as a teacher and ever since had been a student as well as a teacher. After graduating from college in 1960, on a scholarship he pursued graduate studies in France. Dr. Shariati, an honor student, received his doctorate in sociology in 1964. When he returned to Iran he was arrested at the border and imprisoned on the pretext that he had participated in political activities while studying in France. Released in 1965, he began teaching again at Mashad University. As a Muslim sociologist, he sought to explain the problems of Muslim societies in the light of Islamic principles - explaining them and discussing them with his students. Very soon, he gained popularity with the students and different social classes in Iran. For this reason, the regime felt obliged to discontinue his courses at the university. Then he was transferred to Teheran. There, Dr. Shariati continued his very active and brilliant career. His lectures at Houssein-e-Ershad Religious Institute attracted not only six thousand students who registered in his summer classes, but also many thousands of people from different backgrounds who were fascinated by his teachings. The first edition of his book ran over sixty thousand copies...
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... : Stockist : First Edition Second Edition Third Edition Fourth Edition Price : : : : : Rs. 300/- 2 Preface This fourth edition of `Mastering O Level Islamiat’ has been updated in line with the requirements of 200ave tried to make this version as complete and well-rounded as possible by adding a number of new sections and chapters so that students have all the possible information they require under one cover. I have also included in this new version ten standard maps to enable the students to better comprehend a situation and to know where exactly the event took place at the given point of time. Judging by the feedback I have received since this book was first published in 1999, I have very high hopes that Insha Allah it will be as helpful to students as it was then. Amen! Muhammad Bilal Aslam 3 4 Table of Contents • Preface Passages from the Holy Quran History and Importance of the Holy Quran Arabia Before Islam Biographical Account of the Lifef the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Early Life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) From Call to Migration Foundation of the Republic of Madina Wars with the Quraish Expulsion of Jews frm Madina Treaty of Hudaybia Unification of Northern Arabia Letters of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to different Rulers asking them to Embrace Islam Fall of Makkah Section One Section Two...
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...an Introduction to Islamic Finance = = = jìÑíá=jìÜ~ãã~Ç=q~èá=rëã~åá `çåíÉåíë= Foreword Some Preliminary Points _ÉäáÉÑ=áå=aáîáåÉ=dìáÇ~åÅÉ= qÜÉ=_~ëáÅ=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=`~éáí~äáëí=~åÇ=fëä~ãáÅ= bÅçåçãó= ^ëëÉíJÄ~ÅâÉÇ=cáå~åÅáåÖ= `~éáí~ä=~åÇ=båíêÉéêÉåÉìê= mêÉëÉåí=mê~ÅíáÅÉë=çÑ=fëä~ãáÅ=_~åâë= 6 9 V NM NO NQ NR Musharakah qÜÉ=`çåÅÉéí=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= qÜÉ=_~ëáÅ=oìäÉë=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= Distribution of Profit Ratio of Profit Sharing of Loss 17 NV OP 23 24 24 qÜÉ=k~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=`~éáí~ä= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= qÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= Termination of Musharakah without Closing the Business OR OU OU 29 Mudarabah _ìëáåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= aáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=mêçÑáí= qÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= `çãÄáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü=~åÇ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= 31 PO PP PQ PR ÅçåíÉåíë= Musharakah & Mudarabah as Modes of Financing mêçàÉÅí=cáå~åÅáåÖ= Securitization of Musharakah Financing of a Single Transaction Financing of the Working Capital 37 PU 39 42 43 pçãÉ=lÄàÉÅíáçåë=çå=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü=cáå~åÅáåÖ= Risk of Loss Dishonesty Secrecy of the Business Clients’ Unwillingness to Share Profits House Financing on the Basis of Diminishing Musharakah Diminishing Musharakah for Carrying Business of Services Diminishing Musharakah in Trade RO aáãáåáëÜáåÖ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= 52 54 55 56 RT 59 63 63 Murabahah fåíêçÇìÅíáçå= Some Basic Rules of Sale Bai’ Mu’ajjal (Sale on Deferred Payment Basis) 65 SR 66 70 jìê~Ä~Ü~Ü= pçãÉ=fëëìÉë=fåîçäîÉÇ=áå=jìê~Ä~Ü~Ü= Murabahah...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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