...1. Philippine Literature During the Spanish Period 2. Objective: • To be able to understand how Literature started during the Spanish Period. 3. Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his time. The spurt continued unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872. 4. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 5. 1. ALIBATA 2. Christian Doctrine 3. Spanish language became the literary language this time 4. European legends and traditions 5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog 6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino 7. Religious tone 6. ALIBATA 7. THE FIRST BOOKS 8. 1.Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine) 2.Nuestra Senora del Rosario 3.Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre 4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat 5.The Pasion 6.Urbana at Felisa 7.Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary) 9. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS 10. 1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog language) 2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language) 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary) 4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango vocabulary) 5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary) 6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language) 7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language) 11. FOLK...
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...The book, printed in Gothic letters and Tagalog1 characters on paper made from the paper mulberry, now browned and brittle with age, consists of thirty-eight leaves, comprising a title-page as above, under a woodcut2 of St. Dominic, with the verso originally blank, but in this copy bearing the contemporary manuscript inscription, Tassada en dos rreales, signed Juan de Cuellar; and seventy-four pages of text in Spanish, Tagalog transliterated into roman letters, and Tagalog in Tagalog characters. The size of the volume, which is unbound, is 9⅛ by 7 inches, [4]although individual leaves vary somewhat due to chipping. Some of the leaves have become separated from their complements, but enough remain in the original stitching to indicate that the book was originally made up in four gatherings, the first of twelve leaves, the second of ten, the third of ten, and the fourth of six. Although the book is of the size called quarto, the method of printing must have been page by page, so it is doubtful that each sheet was folded twice in the usual quarto manner, but more probable that it was printed four pages to a sheet of paper approximately 9⅛ by 14 inches, which was folded once. The volume is printed throughout by the xylographic method, that is to say, each page of text is printed from one wood-block which was carved by hand. Along the inner margins of some pages are vertical lines which were made by the inked edge of the block, and the grain of the wood has caused striations to appear...
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...Chapter 1: Questions for Discussion 1. Discuss why ethics is important in business. • Business Ethics paves the way for a common understanding of the fundamental idea of what is good and what is bad in our human conduct. Without ethics, people will set their own moral standards which would result into a kind of subjective morality. 2. Refute the businessman’s myth that “ethics has no place at all in business.” • Business is a social activity thus, being a social activity it should conform to the norms, rules and principles of this society. These standards are embedded in ethics. 3. Explain the phrase: “Not all that is legal is moral, but what is moral is worth legalizing.” • An action may be legal but not necessarily moral. Ethics provides a clear distinction between morality and legality. Consider abortion- in some countries abortion is legal but in the Christian faith abortion is an immoral act. 4. Define Business Ethics. What is your own personal definition of Business Ethics? • Business Ethics is the study of what is the right and wrong human behavior and conduct in business. • For me, business ethics is putting a conscience in the science of profit making. 5. Explain the phrase: “Ethics is the unwritten law written in the hearts of men.” • I interpret that as ethics has been a tried and tested guide of men in ages that have been handed down from one generation to another. These are actions that society consider as the proper action given a particular circumstance...
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...LEAH N. ORDONIO BSN EVOLUTIONS OF DEVICES A device is usually a constructed tool, but may refer more specifically to: Technology Machine Tool Gadget Improvised explosive device (IED) Appliance (disambiguation), a device for a particular task A component of personal computer hardware Peripheral, any device attached to a computer that expands its functionality Electronic component Nuclear device Device file, an interface of a device driver Music Device (heavy metal band) Device (Device album) Device (pop rock band) Device (Eon album), 2006 Here’s a complete history of just how storage memory devices for computers have evolved ever since their inception: Paper data storage Believe it or not, paper has been [and still is] a form of electronic data storage as early as 1725 when Basile Bouchon used punched paper rolls to store instructions for textile looms. This technology was later developed into the wildly successful Jacquard loom. Later during the 19th Century, telegrams could be prerecorded on punched tape and rapidly transmitted using Alexander Bain's automatic telegraph in 1846. In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith invented punched cards which were used in the 1890 census and the completed results were finished months ahead of schedule and far under budget. This technology was widely used for tabulating votes and grading standardized tests. Barcodes made it possible for any object that was to be sold or transported to have some computer readable information...
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...the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestor was similar to that of the...
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...the devil or were written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leave sand bamboo cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved the existence of a native culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on byword of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos. The Spaniards who came to the Philippines tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy today and which serve to show to generations the true culture of our people Pre-Spanish Period The Pre-Spanish Period Historical Background Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. The first alphabet used by our ancestor...
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...Chapter 3 Spanish Period (1565-1872) Historical Background It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his time. The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos. They embraced the Catholic religion, changed their names, and were baptized. Their lifestyles changed too. They built houses mad of stones and bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano and used kitchen utensils. Carriages, trains and boats were used as means of travel. They held fiestas to honor the saints, the pope and the governors. They had cockfights, horse races and the theater as means of recreation. A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet. 2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine. 3. The Spanish language lent many of its words to our language. 4. European legends and traditions became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros. 5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects. 6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino. 7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone. B. THE FIRST BOOKS 1. ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THECHRISTIAN DOCTRINE) first book...
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...A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period - Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; - Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C.), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; - Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; - Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; - Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e.g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); - This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as...
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...the time period from 1450 to 1800, two powerful empires were in the process of being built. These two empires were the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire. During the building process of their empires, the Ottoman and the Spanish both developed many similarities in their political, social, and economic affairs. A similarity between these empires was that they both had some type of slave system. Even though they did have some things in common there were also many differences that were between these empires. Some differences between these two were that the Ottomans had the devshirme slave system and the Spanish had the encomienda system. The devshirme system was the practice in which the Ottomans recruited and then forcibly took Christian boys from their families and put them in Ottoman society. These Christian boys were called Janissaries. The Janissaries were converted to Islam and trained so that they could obtain a high position in society such as being a military leader or a high administrator. The reason for this system was that the Ottomans wanted to have the most able men trained to lead the empire. The encomienda system was a practice employed by the Spanish during the colonization of the Americas. It was used to regulate Native American labor. In this system, Spanish-Americans were given grants from Spain for which they had to take care of a certain number of Native Americans. These men that were given grants were instructed to teach the natives the Spanish language...
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...written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English,Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. Contents [hide] * 1 Early works * 2 Classical literature in Spanish (19th Century) * 2.1 Poetry and metrical romances * 2.2 Prose * 2.3 Dramas * 2.4 Religious drama * 2.5 Secular dramas * 3 Modern literature (20th and 21st century) * 4 Notable Philippine literary authors * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Early works Doctrina Christiana, Manila, 1593, is the first book printed in the Philippines. Tomas Pinpin wrote and printed in 1610 Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla, 119 pages designed to help fellow Filipinos to learn the Spanish language in a simple way. He is also credited with the first news publication made in the Philippines, "Successos Felices", ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Classical literature in Spanish (19th Century) On December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City "El Boletín de Cebú" (The Bulletin of Cebu), was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish government introduced...
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...The Spanish Inquisition was the most famous Inquisition that took place in the Middle Ages. It lasted for 365 years, ending in 1834, and an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed under various accusations of religious heresy. The Spanish Inquisition is a prime example of religious persecution, something that has been repeated many times throughout history. For example, the similar accusations in the Salem Witch Trials. The Spanish Inquisition was was a period in history that occurred because of ideas synonymous to those of the Salem Witch Trials, they had the same idea of targeting personal enemies with invalid reasoning causing unfair denunciation of many innocent people. The Spanish Inquisition was put in place in 1478 by King Ferdinand...
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...Texas and Mexico. That time period was known as the Spanish Colonization. It was full of building missions, establishing capitals, slavery, fighting for independence, and ever-lasting effects. The most significant dates during that brutal time period were 1718 and 1821. In 1718, San Antonio de Valero was founded and in 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain. Those events helped shape Texas and Mexico into the regions we know today. The reason 1718 is a significant date during the Spanish Colonization is because the mission, San Antonio de Valero, was created on May 1st. A mission is a settlement that is part of the mission system. The mission system was an easy way to help the...
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...The Golden age is a period in time of Spanish literature ranging from the early 16th century to the late 17th century. This period is known its high point in Spain’s literary history (Britannica). The Renaissance and Baroque encompassed two centuries of Spanish literature and were also very distinct stages in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Spain showed itself worthy by showcasing great contributors to humanities through the Spanish Golden Age. The Golden Age started with the partial political unification of Spain in the early 1500s (Britannica). Over the time, Spanish writers like Miguel de Cervantes, Diego Velazquez, and Columbus have been a great inspiration to Spain’s golden status. These masters have significantly contributed to...
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...Prepared by: Brian S. Sheridan Course: BIOL181: Life in the Oceans Assignment: Written Assignment 1 – The Spanish Mackerel Date: 02/18/2012 Physical Description and Habitat - In the Atlantic Ocean there are three fish groups of Mackerel. The (Scomberomorus maculatus) or more commonly referred to as the Spanish mackerel are “mid-level pelagic carnivores” (noaa.gov) that have closely related cousins. The other types of mackerel that are related to the Spanish are the larger but less spotted King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) - and the (Scomberomorus regalis) known as the Cero mackerel. All types of mackerel are migratory pelagic fish. They inhabit, feed and spawn in areas of the Atlantic spanning from the Gulf of Mexico to Northern parts of the eastern United States. Although there are subtle differences between the three types, this paper will focus mainly on the Spanish mackerel. The male and female Spanish mackerels vary in size. The male usually averages out to a length of about nineteen inches while the larger sized female mackerel can grow as long as thirty three inches (Wikipedia). The Spanish mackerel’s are a stunningly colored fish. They are mainly silver from its head to tail, however the upper back almost glows green, while its sides have layered yellow spots, standing out further due to its mainly black shaded dorsal fin and tail. Mainly looking for prey the mackerel tends to stay in shallower water, sometimes noticed snorkelers and...
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...Nicole Fano Dr. Barrett World Civilizations: Latin America 21 Oct 2013 Paper One: Guatemala According to World-O-Meters, a real time world statistics website, there are more than seven billion people in the world. Is that not incredible? Over seven billion people. Yet, most of us will never truly or try to understand all the different types of cultures or their history that make up the total population in the world. Being a young lady who is half Filipino and Italian, it has always interested me how different the Filipino and Italian cultures are when comparing the two. These differences range from the food to mannerisms and traditions. However, there is one thing in common with these two very different cultures, they have a history of how they came to be. In order to truly understand all types of people, we must take the time to look at their history and learn about it. In this paper, I’ve chosen to take a deeper, more in-depth look at Guatemala and the ways people lived prior to the 1800s in terms of transculturation, hegemony, and the Columbian Exchange. “Transculturation” is the merging and converging of cultures. According to Maureen Shea, author of Culture and Customs of Guatemala, when Christopher Columbus arrived, it was “an encounter between European and Mesoamerican worlds” (2). The Europeans had arrived to establish “dominance while the Mesoamericans fiercely resisted the invaders, especially initially”. However, they found it “advantageous to acculturate...
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