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The Treatment of Slaves

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How far did the effective operation of slavery in British colonies in the year’s c1760-1833 primarily rely on the use of brutality?
• The treatment of slaves in the United States varied by time and place, but was generally brutal and degrading. Whipping, execution and sexual abuse including rape were common.
• Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding and/or imprisonment.
• Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but slaves were also sometimes abused to assert the dominance of their master or overseer.
• The mistreatment of slaves frequently included rape and the sexual abuse of women. Many slaves were killed as a result of resisting sexual attacks.
• Others sustained psychological and physical trauma. The sexual abuse of slaves was partially rooted in the patriarchal nature of contemporary Southern culture and its view of women of any race as property.
• After generations, there were numerous mixed-race (mulatto) offspring, many held in slavery. Although white Southern society abhorred sexual relations between white women and black men as damaging to racial purity.
• Even the most kindly and humane masters knew that only the threat of violence could force gangs of field hands to work from dawn to dusk, "with the discipline," as one contemporary observer put it, "of a regular trained army."
• Frequent public floggings reminded every slave of the penalty for inefficient labour, disorderly conduct, or refusal to accept the authority of a superior.
• One overseer told a visitor, "Some Negroes are determined never to let a white man whip them and will resist you, when you attempt it; of course you must kill them in that case.
• A metal collar was put on a slave to remind him of his wrongdoing. Such collars were thick and heavy; they often had protruding

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