...Imagining a robot to behave just like a human is one of those new-age fantasies of almost everyone who can bottle even a tiny glimpse of a vision of the future. For people like us who sometimes manage to think of things other than just the daily survival have a lot of room for all kinds of strange dreams. Sometimes this also leads us to build all kinds of blue-sky thinking. Stepping off the quicksand let me classify ourselves as a group of individuals who have much time to think so as to recycle all kinds of emotions into this moment all over again. We very well know how it does feel when we are ecstatic about something, or when we are embarrassed, or sometimes get a shock of our lives, sometimes feel like crying our hearts out or sometimes plain bored to death. We can relate to all kind of feelings that ranges between these exaggerated memes, can’t we? But how do you relate if you were a robot? I would say that this is where you would feel the hint of a brainteaser, even if I assume your IQ to surpass Einstein’s. The fact that there is even a problem here seem to elude most people, it's hard to realize what it is and even harder to explain it. There is this default position that consciousness is, in principle, knowable and explainable in the framework of modern neurology and that there are no reasons to think otherwise. But did I mention earlier that I, for some daunting series of events, have started conceiving myself as a robot?! You might and should guffaw over this, but...
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...Gout Gout is an inflammatory disease that effects millions of people each year, due to an over production of Uric Acid in the body and is known to be one of the oldest pathologies to date (Milina, Sishila, & Neeraj, 2013). An overproduction of uric acid in the body can cause many complications, due to monosodium urate crystals developing in the synovial joints of the body (Olin, 2013). Metatarsal I is the most common joint affected by gout because it is so distal to the rest of the body, but it can also effect other joints of the body such as the ankles and knees (Dufton, 2011). Gout can be categorized in many different ways; a patient could be experiencing, gouty arthritis, acute gout, and chronic gout (Milina, Sishila,...
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...Reasons why America needs to ban animal testing Animal abuse is the same as animal testing just a different name. Animal testing should not be allowed in the United States because it is not the right thing for humans to do to the innocent animals, and putting them through that pain. While the opposite believe animal testing should be okay for certain products, the U.S. should ban animal testing because many do not believe in testing on animals, the environment of animal testing is dangerous and the outcome is not good, And scientist have other choices to pick from not just using animals. Many do not believe in testing on animals. Some people do not believe in testing products on animals because injecting them with something not knowing the...
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...between 100 – 150 million vertebrate animals, including mice, rats, birds, fish, rabbits, guinea pigs, farm animals, dogs, cats and non-human primates, are used in animal testing worldwide. This large number does not even include the millions of vertebrates in the United States that are excluded from the Animal Welfare and thus not required to be reported. Animals are tested for the safety, and efficacy, of products to humans. In fact, both the EPA and the FDA use animal testing for the marketing of industrial chemicals, vaccines and medication. This is unethical for many reasons, most animals have a biology that is different from humans, so most animals make unreliable test subjects. Also, there are better testing ways that end with knowing how the human body will react....
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...Is cruelty to animals the only way? Animal cruelty is unacceptable, unfair, and needs to be stopped right away. It has increased in the past thousands of years and many groups like ”Animal Welfare Advocates” have been working hard to end brutal and suffering experiments. Animal testing is cruel, unfair and animals are just as important as any other life on this earth so people should protect them, they can find alternative ways to test products, and it is not always the same reaction between animals and humans. Animals can still feel pain and stress from being in cages, no matter how careful the researchers are (Watson 39). Some scientists do not use pain medicines or shots to help calm the animals. Since animals being in cages is extremely harmful and...
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..."The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated." Famous quote said by Gandhi. Animal testing refers to the experimentation on certain animals such as rabbits, cats, dogs, mice, rats, etc. Animal testing is used to see how safe and effective the products of the company is making. Debates on animal testing have been happening since the beginning of the seventeenth century. Animals have been tested on since 384-322 BC and between 304-258 BC by Greek physician scientist Aristotle and Erasistratus. I believe that animal testing should be banned because it harms animals. There are more effective ways to test products, and it is bad science. According to "The Food and Drug Administration" they report that 92 out of every 100 drugs that pass animal test fail in humans. To begin with, animal testing/abuse should be banned in the United States because it harms animals. According to "Cruelty-Free Cosmetics 101" written by...
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...War is the one situation that has no room for mistakes. The slightest mistake can cost a person his life when in the line of war. War can change people who may have never wanted to harm a person into someone who is willing to live at all cost, even if it means killing. The short story “The Sniper” written by Liam O’Flaherty incorporates the realities of war all the way down to its finest details. It also shows its extremities and how an option of simply whether to light a cigarette or not can be the decision whether someone lives or dies. People are fighting in these wars and may not know what they are fighting for or why they are fighting. Cummings (2007) found, “Liam O’Flaherty was born on August 28, 1896, in Inishmore, Ireland.”...
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...unacceptable. During 2001, almost 17 billion animals in Western countries were raised and slaughtered to feed populations. An additional 100 million animals were killed in laboratories for research purposes, while another 30 million were killed for their fur. Sadly, this insane number of killed animals has been justified by several theories and beliefs that animals, for being nonhuman, are not worthy of any important moral consideration (Lin). Numerous reasonable ethical theories approve that this belief is mistaken, and Utilitarianism is the most important one of them. Animal abuse is the cause of a larger problematic which is the misinterpretation of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory and a lifestyle that says: “Act in such a way as to maximize the expected satisfaction of interests in the world, equally considered” (Mill). This rule is the application of the logical following ideology,“The Principle of Equal Consideration of Interests.” This ideology assumes that we should keep in mind which actions we would choose if we had to live the lives of every single person affected by us. In other words, the theory implies for us to sum up the interests of all the parties affected by any action we do and according to that we choose the actions that lead to the most neutral satisfactions of interests without affecting anyone. Utilitarianism is the application of the principal of equality. The misinterpretation...
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...My Reaction: Pema Chodron’s interview truly moved me and caused me to reflect greatly on my life or how I see the world. I was struggling to understand some of the Buddhist ideologies that involved suffering and how individuals often increase their suffering by trying to stop suffering. It is a sort of irony that we all witness in our lives since no one wants to suffer but often our desire to not suffer leads to more. However, Pema Chodron did an excellent job in clearing up the confusion by eloquently putting it into easier terms. My Analysis: At one point in the interview, Pema stated that “sentient being can end their suffering. That doesn’t mean physical pain and it doesn’t mean outer circumstances being unpleasant. It means what you...
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...ineffective. Most people believe that animal testing is almost always accurate, which is why so many people are okay with it; however, that is not true. Several animals do not have the same diseases as people do and instead, the disease is artificially induced in the animals to mimic the diseases humans have. Time, money, and the lives of animals are being wasted. The use of animal testing poses a threat to the health and safety of humans all around the world. When scientists are testing on the animals they are comparing the similarities and differences animals have compared to humans. Mice are usually used for complex research because they almost have the same functions as humans do. Sometimes the animals that are used, will not have the same results and reactions as humans will towards the product. Animals are not exactly like humans and will react differently to the products. Some animals might react and function the same way as humans such as breathing, digestion, movement, seeing, and hearing, but not all the...
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...and their own expectations are more likely to be frustrated with the circumstances and sometimes may result in delinquency. Merton created five possible modes of adaptation for those who were denied the opportunity to reach society's goals: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Robert Agnew revised Merton's theory in order to give us a broader explanation of criminal behavior. This revised theory is called General Strain Theory. He argues that criminal behavior can not only be related to the failure to reach goals, but also to the anger one might feel when treated the right way. There are three key points discussed in...
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...the way its animals are treated,” (qtd. in Mendoza). Today, some of the world’s most advanced countries exploit animals for cosmetic testing. Cosmetic animal testing should be illegal due to it being inhumane, having inaccurate test results, and alternative testing methods are available. First, animal testing is inhumane because it causes animals a lot of pain and permanently damages their bodies. A common way to test chemicals is the Draize test. During this procedure chemicals such as toluene are dropped into rabbits’ eyes and causes severe pain and blindness (Moran and Locke). Testing chemicals on animals’ skin is also common. Exposure to large...
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...Ryanesha Curley Animal Rights Do you believe that animals deserve rights? They may not talk or reason, but they do have rights. Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. All animals suffer in the same way and to the same degree that humans do. They can feel anger, loneliness, depression, happiness, and love. Animals should have rights because; they have feelings, should be treated equally, and shouldn’t be used as objects. “If you step on your dogs paw, he yelps because it hurts. Animals experience pain…”-Goodman Animals don’t have voices to express the way they feel during certain situations so humans think that they are okay with the harm they do with them. Perhaps humans believe that since we are on the top of the food chain that we don’t know that we selfishly inflict animals, by our own survival. Animal cruelty goes unnoticed each and every day, because it doesn’t occur to us that they are living breathing creatures. Further more animals that can’t contain the pain and misery are left to suffer and die. At present, on an average day in the United States, 130,000 cattle, 7,000 calves, 360,000 pigs, and 24 million chickens are killed(Williams 65). An average day! And these figures exclude the hoards of rats, mice, dogs, cats, and primates that are brutally tortured until death in research labs across the country. Surely, no form of genocide undertaken in human history can match these numbers. We believe, at least individually, that...
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...Animals Matter Too! Animal testing is cruel, immoral, and completely wrong. 50- 100 million animals are annually used to provide research for scientists, in the U.S. alone. More than 95 % of those are killed. Some research on animals provide information used for solving biological and medical problems, but most are used for testing commercial products and cosmetics for toxicity. Animal Testing and experimentation, used specifically for commercial products is indecent and callous. Tests are carried in a number of places, including; universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, and commercial facilities. Usually animals are tested with toxic chemicals, which supply scientists with information on the right dosage of chemicals and ingredients in a certain product. This almost always kills the animals, and that isn’t right! Toxic and mephitic chemicals kill defenceless, innocent animals. In the U.S. every 10.5 seconds, an animal dies because of poisonous drug compounds. Approximately 10,000 primates are used in scientific laboratories annually (Europe alone. 1/3 of that number are just in Great Britain.) This is appalling and unethical. There are 3 common types of tests. The most horrific is the Draize Eye Test, which tests shampoos, weed-killers, pesticides, and detergents. They are tested on animals’ eyes to check for irritancy and toxicity responses in the optical area/region. Then there is The LD50 test (lethal dose 50%), which tests cosmetics such as lipsticks...
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...of Capulet’s and Montague’s following the challenge sent by Tybalt to Romeo. ‘By my heel, I care not.’ This shows us that Mercutio doesn’t care if the Capulet’s are hear or not as he is ready to and in a happy mood which is expressed through the use of the word ‘care’. Making us as an audience feel protected and appreciated because Tybalt has challenged Romeo to a duel but due to Mercutio’s arrogance we know that Romeo and us will be protected and care for by Mercutio if Tybalt is beating and nearly killing Romeo in this fight. How does Tybalt react to Romeo’s offer of peace? Describe Tybalt’s mood as the scene develops. How does Mercutio react to Tybalt’s attack on Romeo? Mercutio curses both the Montague’s and Capulet’s when he is about to die as he was only trying to protect his friend and got killed in doing so. ‘A plague a both houses’. When Mercutio uses the word ‘plague’ we as an audience associate it as an ugly noun causing pain, suffering and death but it shows us the horrors of this feud between these two families and...
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