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Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome

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Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome
HUM/100
03/13/2012
Janet Schriver

Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome In this paper Christian suffering through religious expression is discussed as it pertains to ancient cultures through early Greek and Roman times. Culture differences between Romans and Greeks are very different in many ways, but can be very similar as well. Romans held their practical and traditional morality in high esteem, and appeared over confident in their military, ability to organize. Looking at “culture” Romans usually seem obsessed with humanities in the form of music, dance, theater, art, literature and philosophy. In several areas, including religion looks as if it could be a part of the Greeks mythology, whereas Greeks were masters of philosophy. The main focus was on the gods they chose to worship. Philosophers in the Greek culture went on a quest to find answers to questions derived from deep contemplating whether or not there were gods. They begin to look at the universe and ask themselves whether or not gods lived there. Where did humans come from? Who made the sun or the moon? How do the stars hang in the sky? Why was humans made, what is our destiny, and is there life after death? According to http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/memoryof.htm “the Armenian Genocide began on 24 April 1915 with the mass arrest, and ultimate murder, of religious, political and intellectual leaders in Constantinople and elsewhere in the empire. Then, in every Armenian community, a carefully planned Genocide unfolded: Arrest of clergy and other prominent persons, disarmament of the population and Armenian soldiers serving in the Ottoman army, segregation and public execution of leaders and able-bodied men, and the deportation to the deserts of the remaining Armenian women, children and elderly. Renowned historian Arnold Toynbee wrote that "the crime was concerted very systematically for there is evidence of identical procedure from over fifty places." The Genocide started from the border districts and seacoasts, and worked inland to the most remote hamlets. Over 1.5 million Armenian Christians, including over 4,000 bishops and priests, were killed in this step of the Genocide.” It was also discovered on www.serfes.org “on September 9, 1997, a series of speakers and memorial services, honoring the memory of the 3.5 million Christians who were murdered by Turkish persecutions from 1894-1923, were held in the greater Baltimore Washington area.” Also, including in this reading, it was found that the 75th anniversary of the Christian Holocaust was memorialized on September 9, 1997, the date in 1922 of the destruction of the city of Smyrna. The memorial honored over 3.5 million Christians who were murdered by Turkish persecutions from 1894-1923. Of the 3.5 million Christians who perished during the first Holocaust of this century. But the events of 1922 are not an isolated incident. The chart below found on www.serfes.org list a campaign of persecution, deportation and murder designed to rid Asia of its Christian population.
|GREEKS |
|1914 400,000 conscripts perished in forced labor brigades |
|1922 100,000 massacred or burned alive in Smyrna |
|1916-1922 350,000 Pontions massacred or killed during forced deportations |
|1914-1922 900,000 perish from maltreatment, starvation and massacres; total of |
| all other areas of Asia Minor |
|TOTAL: 1,750,000 Greek Christians martyred 1914-1922 |
| |
|ARMENIANS |
|1894-1896 300,000 massacred |
|1915-1916 1,500,000 perish in massacres and forced deportations (with |
| Subsidiaries to 1923) |
|1922 30,000 massacred or burned alive in Smyrna |
|TOTAL: 1,800,000 Armenian Christians martyred 1894-1923 |
| |
|SYRIANS AND NESTORIANS |
|1915-1917 100,000 Christians massacred |
| |
| |

Christians were victims of horrible torture during early civilization. Many Orthodox clergy were martyred for their faith as well as Roman Christians. According to the Holy Bible, New King James version copyright 1990, 1985, 1983, Jesus the Christ was brought before Pilate during Caesar’s reign and was crucified to death. His Apostles and followers were all killed in a horrific manner. The list below according to http://www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org/early-christian-persecution-faq.htm demonstrates how His followers suffered from early Christian persecution. “Stephen was one of the first men to suffered early Christian persecution. He was stoned to death outside the gates for the faithful manner in which he preached the Gospel. After this, a great persecution was raised against all who professed belief in Christ as the Messiah.

The fate of the Apostles and close disciples followed in succession. James the Great, the elder brother of John the Apostle, was beheaded in A.D. 44. Philip, who served in Upper Asia was scourged in Phrygia, thrown into prison and later crucified (A.D. 54). Matthew the tax collector served the Lord in Parthia and Ethiopia where he was slain with a halberd (a shafted weapon with an axe-like cutting blade and a speared end) in the city of Nadabah, A.D. 60. James the Less, the brother of the Lord, served the church in Jerusalem and wrote the book of James. He suffered martyrdom at the age of ninety-four by being beaten and stoned by the Jews. Matthias, the man who was chosen to replace Judas as an apostle, was stoned at Jerusalem and then beheaded. Andrew, the brother of Peter, preached the gospel to many Asiatic nations and was crucified on a cross at Edessa. The ends of his cross were fixed transversely in the ground, thus the derivation of the term, St. Andrew's cross. Mark was converted to Christianity by Peter and served as amanuensis (he wrote for Peter). He was dragged to pieces by the people of Alexandria. Peter, the apostle, was sought by Nero to be put to death. Jerome wrote that Peter was crucified with his head down and his feet up, because he thought himself unworthy to be crucified in the same form and manner as the Lord. Paul was really persecuted several times. He was scourged, stoned, and finally, Nero had him beheaded by a sword. Jude, the brother of James, commonly called Thaddeus, was crucified at Edessa in A.D. 72. Bartholomew preached in several countries and translated the Gospel of Matthew into the language of India. He was cruelly beaten and then crucified by in patient idolaters. Thomas, doubting Thomas, preached the Gospel in Parthia and India. He excited the rage of the pagan priests and was martyred by being thrust through with a spear. Luke the author of Luke and Acts traveled with Paul through various countries and was suppose to have been hanged on and olive tree by the idolatrous priests of Greece. Simon the Zealot preached the Gospel in Mauritania, Africa, and even Britain where he was crucified in A.D. 74. John, the Apostle whom Jesus loved, was sent from Ephesus to Rome where he was put into a cauldron of boiling oil. He escaped by a miracle, without injury, but was then banished to the Isle of Patmos and there he wrote the book of Revelation. Nerva, Domitian's successor, said he was the only apostle who escaped a violent death. Even to this day, Christians are being killed, demeaned and treating as an outcast. In today’s culture, being a Christian is considered to ancient. Today’s youth have little or no morals, the ten commandants are not popular, and praying in public is not politically correct. The Bible explains suffering and reveals powerful divine assets for coping with adversity. All one has to do is pick up a version of the Holy Bible and began a journey on understanding the suffering of a Christian. Individuals will find a host of information to help ease personal suffering and afflictions brought on by various cultures and different belief systems.”

. References http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/memoryof.htm http://www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org/early-christian-persecution-faq.htm Holy Bible, New King James version copyright 1990, 1985, 1983,

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