...clients focus on gaining access to preferred story lines in reference to their lives and identities the family dynamics that may affect them. The preferred story line will replace the place of the previous negative and self-defeating narratives about themselves. Helping clients within a family counseling to begin to become the author of their own story is important in many cases to overcoming multigenerational affects. Narrative therapy aids in this process. This comprehensive evaluation of narrative therapy within the structure of family therapy and the integration of faith will be constructed in the following pages. Keywords: self-defeating, Narrative therapy, multigenerational, therapeutic Introduction Narrative therapy is considered apart of the Social Construction Model. This particular type of therapy, the counselor or therapist is not a dominant entity or focal point of the process. Instead the therapist is seen as an influential individual to the client. The counselor will aid the client with the process of internalization and the creation of new stories or narratives within themselves that help them to draw new assumptions about themselves. This is done through the process of the client being opened up to future stories. This will enable the client not to focus on the narratives that have been negative and have influenced and render definition to their lives. Instead this process opens them up to positive future stories that will help to reshape and re-define...
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..."There are a broad range of counselling micro skills that can be utilized effectively in therapy sessions. Within the context of their personal history, effective micro skill applications can encourage clients to tell their stories in colourful and extensive detail. Such effective implementation of micro skills facilitates the development of rapport and a positive therapeutic alliance thereby permitting clients to enrich their perspectives regarding problem and opportunity situations in their lives (Egan, 2007). Three important counseling techniques will be explored, all of which have been clinically demonstrated to be efficacious in a broad range of counseling settings (Egan). The skills of active listening, empathy and sharing empathic highlights will be discussed and analysed within the framework of a counselling case study. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the use, efficacy and deficiencies of how these skills were employed within a counselling session with a mother, let's call her Mary. Mary presented to counselling with a five year history of frustrated attempts to get her daughter to sleep consistently in her own bed. On one hand, she had gone to extraordinary efforts to influence and sustain effective sleep patterns in her daughter. On the other, a feeling of being out of control permeated drained resourcefulness. Mary felt she was too compliant with her daughter's unwilling behaviour and sought help from a counsellor. The surface structure of...
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...at home, or can become a permanent residential situation. Art as therapy is a strong tool that is used in these programs to help with the treatment process. Art therapists have devised some more playful opportunities that patients respond better to rather verbal therapy. If various methods of art therapy are used, patients can become more communicative and understanding of their situation, and therefore can better treat themselves. In outpatient treatment, adolescent patients can continue to live their daily lives at home and attend regular school while going into treatment in an outpatient clinic. These types of patients usually have some sort of...
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...CASE STUDIES ON ATTACHMENT By Dr. Mark Beischel CONTENTS Introduction Case 1 Secure vs. Insecure Attachment: the Story of the Boy and the Crow Case 2 Signs and Symptoms of the Insecurely Attached: the birth of a Giraffe Case 3 Continuous Lies: the Peanut Butter Boy Case 4 Curiosity and the Setting of Fires: Burn, Baby, Burn Case 5 Avoidant Attachment: Run for Your Life Case 6 Attachment and Security: a Death Row Tale Case 7 Brain Development and A ffect Regulation: Classroom Back Stabbing Case 8 Parenting at Night: “2 x 10” Tale Case 9 Disorganized Attachment: Confusion in the Kitchen Case 10 Eating Problems: the First Supper Case 11 Regulating Stimulation: Disneyland, Here We Come Case 12 Executive Function Deficits: the Paper Clip and Fire Tale Case 13 Inhibitory Control of Responses: Jelly, Jelly, All Over the Wall Case 14 It is All about Survival: Gang Pressure and destruction Case 15 Working Memory Deficits: the TV Thief Case 16 Ado lescent Brain Development: the Cell Phone Caper Case 17 Adolescent Identity and Escape Behavior: a Fantasy from the Wild, Wild West Case 18 Resilience and Temperament: No Free Drugs Case 19 Reasoning and Affect Regulation: the Orphan Card Case 20 Families Evolve Slowly: How Many Babies? Case 21 Changing the Meaning of a Stimulus: the “Dorky” shoes boy Case 22 Displacing the Rage: Slipping into Psychosis Case 23 Distract Yourself with Other Things: Playing with Mud Case 24 Paranoid Belief Systems: the Tree...
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...psychological concerns there are a wide range of therapies, techniques and approaches, such as psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a therapist and someone who is suffering from mental or emotional issues, with the goal of providing support or relief to overcome their psychological disorder (Rathus, 2012). There are several therapeutic methods that can be used by therapists, but ultimately the situation and the client will dictate which one is appropriate. Psychoanalytic therapy, Humanistic therapy, Behavior therapy, Cognitive therapy, Group therapy, and Biological therapy are all effective therapeutic methods of helping clients cope with their psychological disorder. Psychoanalytic therapies is based upon the theories and work of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Using this method of therapy makes the assumption that psychological problems stem from early childhood experiences and internal conflicts. According to Sigmund Freud, these conflicts involve shifting of the three psychic structures, the id, ego, and superego (Rathus, 2012). Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences and can spread for months to years. This is the method in which most people are familiar with. Usually it’s a one on one hour session with a therapist who wants and encourages to tell your story. Short-term dynamic therapies was created for clients who do not have the time or resources for continued therapy. Humanistic therapies focus on the quality...
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...As a child, I have always been taught to trust the doctor because, “The doctor knows best”. As time went on and now a mother, I find that statement to be very misleading. You always hear and read different stories about doctors’ who diagnose a patient’s problem to early, and those who just make mistakes and misdiagnose a patient completely. That’s why I choose to do my paper on Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, better known as ADHD. According to Carey, 1 to 2 percent of children likely have a brain malfunctions that warrant classification of something like ADHD, but that another 5 to 10 percent who are diagnosed with ADHD should not be (Carey, 2002). ADHD is a psychological disorder in which the individual shows one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (King, 2008, p.531). This is very confusing to me because these certain characteristics are the same as of a young child. Honestly speaking my five year old daughter attention span is very short and at times can be unmanageable. So does that put her in the category of hyperactive or inattentive? As a parent you have to learn how to make adjustments in your life to raise a good respectable child. You may have to change your parenting according to your child’s personalities. Researchers say that you may need to change the child’s environment to see a change in their behavior. As a mother I would rather change my daughter environment than to have her...
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...is present no matter the age, race, gender, religion, or culture. Although society has seen the ever growing epidemic of bullying in school aged children, the argument of the damaging and everlasting psychological effects that bullying has on the victims are not always talked about or analyzed to show how the victimization impacts the child for much longer than just their childhood. This paper will analyze the long term damaging effects that bullying had on its school aged victims, while looking at the implications for therapists treating the victims, the therapeutic aspects related to bullying, and how the use of therapy can lessen the long term effects that bullying will have on the bullies and their victims. Although, there may not be a complete solution to bullying itself, there is a solution that will limit some of the damaging done to a person from victimization of bullying, by implementing anti-bullying programs in the school systems, and using therapists for all children involved to help the children process their thoughts, feeling, and emotions that stem from bullying. There are many different forms of bullying that school aged children are faced with. There is face-to-face bullying in school and out of school, and then there is what is known as cyberbullying, bullying that is sent through technology devices such as computers, cell phones, or any other form of technology that has access to the internet and...
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...Task 2 The client group that used my EYP were children 4 -7 year of age as it is an infant school. The school had a mixture of both male and females of different ethnic background, religion, educational need and ability. In the group I was allocated there were some children that had just turned 4 who therefore had a lower ability to the children that had just turned 5. There was a mixture of both boy and girls in all the classes. There was a range of different religions and ethnic backgrounds such as Muslim, Asian, Jewish etc. There were some children with disabilities and health issues that needed extra help with things but were treated the same as everyone else. There were very few children with physical disabilities such as Cerebral palsy but there was child with Epilepsy. I am going to focus this part of my investigation on the needs of the children that attend Chalkwell hall Infant School. My client group has needs related to health, social, and developmental care. When I visited Chalkwell Hall Infant school I was able to observe how these needs were met within the service by observing the children in reception. The children in reception were aged 4-5 years. This was their first year at Chalkwell Hall. Physical needs The children in reception are given a healthy snack of a fruit or vegetable and milk or water in the morning between 10:00-10:30. They then have a healthy balanced lunch that can be in the form of school dinners, packed lunch or the children can have lunch...
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...Table of content page Introduction 2 1 First-order cybernetics principles 2 2 Second-order cybernetics 4 3 Perception of reality 5 4 Health and pathology 6 5 The role and function of therapy 7 6 Ethical concerns 8 7 Integration of first- and second-order cybernetics 8 Conclusion 9 Reference list 10 A comparison of first- and second-order cybernetics Introduction When considering psychology most think of individual psychology. But in more recent years, systems theory or cybernetics as a school of thought in psychology has grown in its influence in the field. Within cybernetics there are two different approaches, namely first-order or simple cybernetics and second-order cybernetics. What student hopes to achieve with this assignment is a better understanding of these two by exploring what sets them apart. 1 First-order cybernetics principles In describing first-order cybernetics, Becvar and Becvar (2014) use the following principles to highlight its fundamental assumptions. 1.1 Recursion People and events do not exist in isolation but within a context, more specifically within the relationships in which they are involved in. Recursion refers to the fact that all elements involved in a relationship influence each other as they are constantly interacting. 1.2 Feedback It is the part of recursion that allows a system to correct itself by using the information given about past behaviours in order to make...
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...There are three types of strokes such as: Ischemic, Hemorrhagic, and TIA. According to, (Nall, 2016), “An Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot keeps blood from flowing to your brain. The blood clot is often due to atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of fatty deposits on the inner lining of a blood vessel. A portion of these fatty deposits can break off and block blood flow in your brain. Hemorrhagic stroke results when a blood vessel in your brain ruptures or breaks, spilling blood into the surrounding tissues. TIA (transient ischemic attack) a warning or ministroke. A clot that temporarily blocks blood flow to your brain causes a TIA. The blood clot and TIA symptoms last for a short period of...
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...and 1 boy. David, the father, is mid to late 60 year old Caucasian male. He is tall with square shoulders wearing glasses. He metacommunication Presenting Problem History of Problem- BRIEF Family History Assessment Summary: Another important quality of the co-research position is that of valuing emotional experiences and reflections. Our understanding of the preceding conversation is that in the state of being oppressed by violence, a person is defined by the violence. The concept of choice in that state is a mirage; a woman would not choose violence, but inside of a war zone there is no violence free territory. If the person and the context of violence are separated (deconstructed through externalization) the person's preferred story of their lives outside the "war zone" context can become visible. This distinction became available in the training conversation due to the process of allowing for correction and respecting the trainees feelings of being emotionally connected or disconnected to the unique accounts of those persons oppressed by the problem. Doherty (1991) has described negotiating meanings versus dictating a theme (p. 134). From our reflections about the interviewing process, we have been able to articulate four qualities of the relational co-researcher position: 1. Fostering a Collaborative Attitude; 2. Valuing Emotional Experiences and Reflections; 3. Engaging in Empowering Relationships, and; 4. Diminishing the Effects of Existing Hierarchies....
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...which models influence today’s truth. Reality is fashioned by language, how we feel, act and think, revealing “stories” we tell the self as contextual meanings. These beliefs now evolve one’s creation and truth. The therapist, joining in recognition of new perspectives, empowers and helps the client see that forward progress is strength within oneself. In a social constructivist point of view, the therapist detaches from the expert status of defining the problem. From family therapy and the multicultural lens, therapists now challenge cultural factors that, in turn, shape the client’s perceptions in the format of brief therapies. Keywords: brief therapies, collaborative, family therapy, social constructionism Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism In the 21st century a paradigm shift motivated the field of psychology to unlock a fresh world view revealing the objet d'art of collective exchange. Referring to the modernistic creation of self, it is said that the anthropological essence and the search for truth is being reworked within a flowing social change (Young and Collin, 2004, Corey, 2005, Gergen, 1985). A developing kaleidoscope, swirling within the consciousness of man today resonates not of absoluteness, but, of social stories revealing multidimensional perspectives. Truth, thus, is then replaced with the concept of communal stories created...
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...around making you do their dishes and buy them, what they see as, vital objects? That is right! You reconsider life, but decide to let it all go instead… or that is at least what Mike does in this short story. The short story, The Decline of the West by Hanif Kureishi, takes place in London, where we meet Mike’s family, which consists of his two sons, Tom and Billy, and his wife, Imogen. Mike was a twelve-hours-a-day, hard-working man, yet who is recently fired. Mike is significantly divided between traditional values and modern values. On the first hand he refuses to let his wife, Imogen, work, because he could not imagine a home without a mother, who makes sure the kids behave. “He shows me neither love nor respect.” also he demands respect from his family, even though he literally does not spend time at home, because of his job, however on the other hand he lets them all boss him around, probably because of his declaration of him being the only provider. The short story only elapses over a day; however this day seems to turn out as being the most horrible of Mike’s life. “”My television’s broken,” said Tom. “Why don’t you get it fixed like you promised? What have you ever done for me?”” This is in the middle of a discussion between Tom and Mike. Through-out the entire short story it seems like Mike has been providing this family good for an eternity, and is in dept to which corresponds to two years of salary, which gives us a picture of Tom as being a spoiled brat, because...
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...MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized, perpetuated and its manifestations. • Theories also help a counsellor to predict behaviour. The prediction of behaviour is quite important in the cases where a client manifests destructive behaviour. • Finally theories also help a counsellor to control behaviour. This is also important in cases where behaviours are destructive. Each theory has stipulated techniques which are meant to control behaviour. Types of Theories There are several types of theories which helps a counsellor to understand, predict and control behaviour. But for this course, emphasis will be placed on the following theories: • Psychological Theory • Behaviour Theory • Poison Centred Theory • Cognitive Behavioural Theory THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Background Before the development of the psychological view point in terms of understanding, the human behaviour, in the late 18th Century and Mid 19th Century by Mesmer, Dr. John Breur, Dr. Jean Charcot among others. Psychological disorders and disturbances was mainly looked...
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...understand what services for a patient’s or group’s needs by looking at their deficits. The empowering model, which follows the strength-based approach, understands a client’s or group’s needs by building from their strengths. Empowerment model emphasizes five components: creates and works from a collaborative partnership with the clients and social worker or therapist, emphasis was capacities rather than on incapacities, focus on the physical and social environment, views clients as active subjects, and the empowerment model builds from something rather than building from nothing (Bransford, 2011; Conger & Kanungo, 1988). The empowerment model can be used in various different fields in the helping profession for various different reasons, events, and situations. When groups are empowered, it effects them at all levels. When a groups is empowered, they empower themselves, micro level, the group empowers each other, mezzo level, and they can use what they learned to empower their communities, macro level. When groups are empower to overcome hardships that newly found empowerment can spread faster than the individual level within a short time than a whole community (Holcomb‐McCoy & Bryan, 2010; Bransford, 2010)....
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