...Historically within schools and nurseries inclusion was generally focused specifically on special educational needs such as; learning difficulties, physical disabilities, hearing or visual impairment, speech and language difficulties, behaviour and emotional needs or profound and complex needs (Hayward 2006). However, in more recent years the concept of inclusion globally has changed, now covering a broader spectrum including areas such as race or ethnicity, spoken language, social class, gender, religion, sexual orientation, obesity and poverty (Nutbrown et al 2013). The changes to the idea of inclusion started in the early 1990’s as a result of the World Conference on Special Needs Education, held in Salamanca, where governments world...
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...Argumentative Essay your choice Should taxpayer’s hard earned money be handed to someone who will abuse it by purchasing illegal drugs instead of using it for the intended purpose? Many states are clearing a path to require drug tests for anyone receiving welfare who wishes to use illegal drugs. In the event that we keep on allowing drug addicts to collect welfare benefits, this will just prove that we do not care if this behavior continues or not. There should be a way to make sure that welfare money is being used for what its true purpose. Drug testing people who depend on help from the government to live could be a positive step in the right direction. Honest hardworking people have to be drug tested for their jobs so why not test welfare recipients. If you are receiving welfare and not using drugs, you should not have any worries. On the other hand, if you are using drugs and test positive, then you will be taken...
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...UNIT 2: EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND RIGHTS IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE This unit investigates how equality, diversity and rights are central to the effective operation of health and social care services. The unit explores discriminatory practice and its potential effects on patients/service users; the promotion of anti discriminatory practice by, for example, legislation and codes of practice, and the application of this to the health or social care workplace. The knowledge and skills gained from this unit will underpin many of the other units in the qualification and it is essential in preparing you for your period of vocational experience. Summary of Learning Outcomes: To achieve this unit you must demonstrate that you: 1. Understand concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care 2. Understand discriminatory practice in health and social care 3. Understand how national initiatives promote anti-discriminatory practice in health and social care 4. Understand how anti-discriminatory practice is promoted in health and social care settings Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care This assignment represents ALL the assessment criteria for the Unit TASK 1 (relevant criteria P1, P2 ) For this task, you need to produce a leaflet for a family from Poland who intend to live in Britain to explain the benefits of living in a culturally diverse society (P1). For P2. In your leaflet, you need to explain...
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...The Senate is referred to as the “Upper House” because it looks at proposed laws after the House of Commons does. “A Concise Guide to the Process and Materials of Canadian Legislation” tells us how the Canadian Senate goes about dealing with a piece of legislation. Typically, proposed laws, known as bills, are brought before the House of Commons by an interested Member of Parliament for review and consideration by all members. After three rounds of editing and revisions, each referred to as a “Reading”, a proposed law is then sent to the Senate for final approval. Members of the Senate typically establish committees to further inspect the law. The Senate’s job is to reflect on what the House passed and whether or not they agree with the decision the House made. In the early history of Canada, the Senate was thought of as a valuable asset to our country — a balancing act against the House to make sure laws are looked upon from all sides before being passed...
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...Parliament is the UK’s highest political institution, making decisions on issues important to citizens throughout Britain. The Houses of Commons and Lords are responsible for passing legislation, scrutinising the government and debating issues. Retaining a high level of sovereignty despite devolution, seating dominating majority governments and possessing unprecedented constitutional flexibility, the UK Parliament wields a great deal of power. Political scientist Arend (Lijphart, 1999) first branded democracies as ‘consensual’ or ‘majoritarian.’ The UK parliament is said to be majoritarian, with a strong governing party and Cabinet, a lesser presence of small parties, minimal decentralisation,...
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...Legislating the Family: Heterosexist Bias in Social Welfare Policy Frameworks Amy Lind University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal definitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family policy; civil rights; gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT); heterosexism Welfare reform is fundamentally about family policy—about promoting and privileging particular kinds of families, and about penalizing and stigmatizing others. (Cahill and Jones 2002: 1). Two pieces of legislation were passed in 1996 that set an important tone for family policy in the United States: The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), an act that expanded welfare-to-work programs throughout the country, restricted people’s access to public assistance, and crystallized the broader restructuring of public-private boundaries; and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defines marriage as a legal union between a man...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. The reason for laws are to defend society from harm, make certain each person is safe as well as to be treated fairly. The criminal justice system labors to defend the guiltless and to discipline the guilty without putting at risk an individual’s rights.This paper will evaluate the future of the criminal justice system as well as the past and present trends in the interface between components of the criminal justice system. Furthermore, it will identify contemporary issues that are affecting the criminal justice system as well as the value of the criminal justice system as society changes. Seeing that society is advancing, the criminal justice system must also change. The need for new laws are apparent in order to continue with advancement and new trends in society. However, new trends and contemporary issues can have an immediate influence on the various operations of the criminal justice system. These include, advancing technology, sentencing, and the death sentence. All of these have huge effects on the criminal justice...
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...How Current Education Reform Legislation is Effecting Learning In recent years, education – specifically the quality of public education – has been a hot topic of discussion for both Republicans (George W. Bush) and Democrats (Barrack Obama). American society has changed drastically during the past decade or so in terms of the way it approaches public education, partially due to legislation by the national government, partially due to legislation written by the state governments and partially because American culture is different than it once was. America now finds itself at a crucial point in history, where something must be done in these hard economic times to combat low quality, inner city education while at the same time maintaining the high quality of much suburban education. Americans are asking themselves, “What is the government doing to change our schooling system to make it better?” The response is a long and complex one, though there is still no answer, as our schools are constantly changing and growing in many different ways. First, there was President Bush’s “No Child Left Behind Act” and now President Obama’s “Race To The Top.” Both of these government reforms have had a large impact on education and American society as a whole. To have a good understanding of the current legislation regarding education reform, one must first understand the legislation before it: The No Child Left Behind Act. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) was instituted...
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...Since in any civil society, politics works for the welfare of the people, it is important that the views of these very people are taken into consideration when making any policy decisions. The reason why I chose this topic is that in the recent time, traditional as well as social media has brought on a lot of public activism. Hence, it is important to revisit the role of the public in the political debates, discussions, and the overall decision making process. Background to the topic Ever since the world moved ahead of the monarchy and the dictatorship system, the importance of the public opinion came naturally to those who were the primary stakeholders in the politics:- the administrators and the other politicians. In the history of mankind, public opinion has forced to change or alter many political decisions. Hence, the role of public opinion in politics is not a totally new concept. However, in the modern age of information technology, people are empowered to share their opinion and get noticed like never before. Hence, it will be interesting to understand how people are using this power and how the political fraternity is reacting to the situation (Lippmann, 2007). Some recent incidents of interactions between people and politics In this section, we will see how in some recent cases, society influenced the political decision making process as well as the outcome. Back in 2003, the United Kingdom witness the grandest ever public...
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...To what extent does congress remain a powerful body? Congress can be argued to be an ineffective body. Though it is furnished with great power from the constitution it fails to successfully fulfil the roles of oversight, representation and Legislation. However, it is also argued that congress does successfully fulfil its role depending on which party is in control of the House and which is in control of the senate, therefore it can be argued that the powers congress has and how well they fulfil their roles are dependent on which party controls congress and which controls the white house. Congress has the power of oversight of the executive; one very important power relating to this is the power to override the presidential veto, this power of congress supports the argument that congress does remain a powerful body as they have the power to go against the presidents wishes. The separation of powers in the United States causes this power to be extremely effective, because they work independently, they can oversee the executive work and therefore hold them accountable. In addition, members of congress are experienced and therefore are very skilled at overseeing the work of the executive, an example of this is Senator Leahy, who has seen the confirmation of hundreds of federal judges who are appointed by the executive. However this power of oversight is limited mainly towards divided government, during a united government congress acts as a lapdog, and do not wish to embarrass the...
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...It could be argued that the US President is becoming increasingly weaker rather than stronger, despite the writings of Arthur Schlesinger in his book ‘The Imperial Presidency. Gerald Ford remarked that the “Presidency was in peril” showing the fall of power for the US President. There are many limits on the powers of the President, however many could argue that these are not enough in preventing the president from being imperial from the other branches of government. One argument that the Presidency is imperilled is that no President has been able to exert the same amount of power that Franklin D Roosevelt did during the 1930s and 40s. Roosevelt remains the President to have increased the role of the executive branch of government with his New Deal policies which created organisations such as EXOP. He also broke the convention that a President only stood for two terms, becoming the only President to be elected for four terms. However, once his presidency was over, the powers of the President were soon limited to prevent the President from becoming too powerful. The 23rd amendment ensured that a President would serve no more than two terms. Thus all the Presidents following FDR have been unable to demonstrate as much power as he did. Even his successor, President Truman, could not do as much in office as FDR, despite having to deal with the fallout from the end of World War Two. In contrast however, some Presidents have been able to show a large amount of power overseas, rather...
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...ACCOUNTABILITY OF AN EXECUTIVE LEADER’S MENTAL & BEHAVIORAL COMPETENCY? EMPLOYEE TESTING LAWS 2 Abstract This paper serves two roles. Firstly, the work attempts to synthesize the efforts of fellow classmates as presented in our mutual discovery and examination of Equal Employment Opportunity law during a traditional graduate level “long semester”. This synthesis piece will primarily consider the focus areas that surround employee testing (drug testing, as well as pen and paper evaluations). Secondly, this paper presents application dilemmas for the practitioner with regard to the language of the current legislation. The paper argues that the current collection of employee testing legislation, while offering necessary civil protections, would benefit from targeted amendments. These amendments would include language that would exempt specific employees of certain protections that are currently offered to all employees under existing EEO law. The paper argues that existing laws do not ensure the sound mental capacity and well being of leaders charged with protecting the collective interests of many stakeholders. These “specific employees” would primarily include executive leadership roles within publicly traded companies or those employees that currently fall under any “SOX/Dodd-Frank” compliance regulations. The “certain protections” that this paper argues should be forfeited by CLevel employees include a complete redesign of how a leader’s mental competency is measured...
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...Progressive Era through the Great Depression For this assignment I will discuss the major turning points in American history between the Progressive Era and the Great Depression. Analyze how some historical events shape America’s current society, economy, politics, and culture. Describe ways that women and minorities have responded to challenges and made contributions to American culture. Recognize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States. Analyze the rise of the United States to a world “super-power” and how that status has shaped its internal developments in recent decades. Identify how changes in social and economic conditions and technology can cause corresponding changes in the attitudes of the people and policies of the government. Identify at least (2) two major historical turning points in the period under discussion. The first major historical turning point was the changing roles of women. Women won the right to vote with the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, one of the final great reforms of the Progressive era. A group of congressmen proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution in 1923. It states: “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction” (Schultz, 2012 p.379). The amendment’s objective was to eliminate all legal distinctions between the sexes, such as those who permitted different...
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...immigration. This question is part of a huge debate currently raging all across America. People all across America want the United States government to shut down the borders and to deport all of the current illegal immigrants here. As of March 2010, illegal immigrants account for about 11.2 million people currently in the United States (Passel, 2011). Anti-immigration attitudes generally come out when it is harder to find jobs and less when jobs are readily available. Anti-immigrant campaigns blame immigrants for the current job losses and declining wages, as well as higher crime rates and public health crisis (Barry, 2005). A lot of the backlash has to do with the current immigration policies of the United States, which has not been updated since 1990. The most recent update to the immigration policy was the Immigration Act of 1990 (IMMACT90). IMMACT90 created a new five-tiered employment based system. This system includes three main categories that help bring the most talented people to the United States (Gafner & Yale-Loehr, 2010). The first...
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...Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States. World War II had ended and there was a relapse in job growth and economic growth within the United States. Many labor unions led strikes and protests, which benefited the Republican Party. The Republican Party was focused on the blue-collar workers, the same group that was led by the labor unions. This is an interesting circumstance because labor unions are typically unapproved of by Republicans. With Truman still in the presidency, the GOP had finally won control of congress and passed an important piece of legislation. Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. The act balanced management and labor rights. This subject was a central issue within the heavily industrialized states. Nonetheless, the Taft-Hartley Act benefited the GOP by gaining Republican support from the industrialized states. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act was passed through the courts disallowing segregation within the United States. This was a large problem within the Democrat dominated south. The segregation barrier was removed within the United States. Today’s presidential candidate Donald Trump has been the recent subject of much scrutiny. People across the United States have connected Trump and the Republicans with racists. Yet, ironically, the Republican Party is the party which pursued and supported equal rights for all citizens within the...
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