...classroom. I believe inclusion benefits all students, not just those with a disability. Some of the challenges...
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...The following assignment will demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the theory and practice related to effective inclusion within the early years and primary settings, along with the teaching and learning approaches for children with special educational needs (SEN) and disability. Knowledge and understanding of legal requirements and policy relating to inclusion will be demonstrated and how segregation moved to inclusion through the years, benefiting children with special educational needs. Also with the critical analyse of the issues and practice related to special educational needs provision and disability within schools. Inclusion in education is about creating a belonging for children with special educational needs, both in mainstream...
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...Early Intervention Criteria – The Code of Practice and the Common Assessment Framework Best practice, according to the Early Years Foundation Stage, now incorporates regular and routine observation of children. Of course, just observing a child is not sufficient – the information you gather from observing the child AND from talking to the parents must be used effectively and efficiently. Factual information from observations will contribute to the child’s profile, and therefore to a regular assessment. An assessment is done by comparing what the child can do NOW with published developmental norms. These can be found on the Internet in the form of a document called “Early Years Outcomes”, published Sept 2013 and produced by the Department of Education. This comparison will establish whether the child is developing typically or atypically, and identify areas where the child may...
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...One such movie was Inside Daisy Clover from 1965. While the character's sexuality remains subtle, the fact that this movie had a queer character that does not die throughout the film during this early of a decade proves important (Hoag). This movie proves important because it shows the increasing inclusion of queers in media. Movies continued to include minor queer characters that sparked controversy, calling for a debate. During a Supreme Court ruling in 1952 ruling that movies had the right of free speech given under the First Amendment, the Hollywood Production Code was weakened, making studios wary on restricting filmmakers. The code was not abandoned until 1968 when the system of rating movies depended on how much "adult" activity was included rather than queer characters inclusion (Hoag). This decision furthered progression and opened up doors to inclusion that was unheard of at the time. Queer inclusion only grew from there. In 1975, the television network ABC had television's first queer relationship in the show Hot L...
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...Title: Equality and Inclusion Assignment. Introduction “Children’s early years have been stressed as being fundamentally important to their future development and consequently to society as a whole”, (Early Years Framework, 2009). There are however multiple and diverse childhoods. This report will firstly examine legislation which has been introduced to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion in relation to early childhood. The second section of this report will critically examine some of the sociological concepts pertaining to poverty, class, health inequalities and the harmful effects of stereotyping and prejudice. The report will also explore some of the factors that can influence and shape children’s identity and multiple identities. The third section of this report will discuss the effectiveness of government policy and how this is translated into practice. The final section will discuss practice which promotes equality and inclusion with reference to a placement task. In conclusion the report will discuss if current legislation, policy and practice is effective in demonstrating an inclusive approach. Legislation The Equality Act (2010) streamlines and strengthens the law and gives individuals greater protection from unfair discrimination and makes it easier for employers and companies to understand their responsibilities. It also sets a new standard for those who provide public services to treat everyone, with dignity and respect. There are nine protected...
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... .................................................................................................................................12 8. Methodology 16 9. Timeframe 18 10. Bibliography 19 Introduction For many teachers, students entering general education classrooms are just more difficult to deal with due to the many complex issues that they bring from different aspects of their lives. Teaching children who come to school hungry, stressed out, angry and sleepy interferes with the transfer of learning, even more, if the issues are compounded by other challenges such as language, speech, brain and other disorders. Today’s classrooms are more diverse as education is more inclusive (Mckay, 2012, p.1). The term “inclusion” have recently emerged to address the changing philosophy and school practices in order to better meet the needs of students with disabilities (Deng, 2008). “The exclusion of children and adolescents from the education system is a complex issue that has been widely researched and...
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...Running head: Assessment STRATEGIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Assessment Strategies in Early Childhood Education Pamela Durant-Stewart Strayer University Dr. Elkanah Faux DSP9999 Seminar January 29, 2011 Assessment Strategies in Early Childhood Education Assessment theories and strategies are used to evaluate children so that the teacher can better aid the child in the learning environment. As a teacher, I believe that assessments are an important tool that can give extensive information about children; especially in Early Childhood development. Pellegrino, Chudowsky & Glaser (2001) stated that “although assessments are used for many purposes in the educational system, a premise of this report is that their effectiveness and utility must ultimately be judged by the extent to which they promote student learning” (p. 221). Strand, Cerna & Skucy (2007) support the deductive-psychometric model, which is a framework for legitimizing constructs that arise from theories (p. 209). The authors discuss how the traditional approach to assessment in early childhood education is based on getting as much information about the child as possible. Educators who use this approach believe that more information is better; however Strand, Cerna & Skucy believe that this contradicts 50 years of decision-making research. Instead, the authors propose that teachers focus more on the theories behind deductive constructs more so than psychometric analysis, because, the legitimacy...
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...meets the needs of individuals and different learning styles. For example the outdoor environment can offer children the opportunity to explore with water, sand, mud or create their own play space where they can participate in imaginative play, develop independence and initiatives or develop the skill to achieve and accomplish a task by using tool within the natural environment such as rocks, leaves or branches (Kosanke & Warner, 1990; Guddemi & Eriksen, 1992; Singer & Singer, 2000) in (Clements, 2004). It also inclusive play environment where it allows both children with SEND and without SEND to play together and appreciate the differences and abilities amongst one another http://www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/pubs/design-for-play.pdf. Since inclusion is a course of identifying, understanding and removing barrier to participation and for a sense of belonging as stated by (England Childhood Forum, 2003 in play England hard copy refferecen) which is further supported by The Sensory Trust in now being social article...
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...fairly well understood set of customs and practices regarding childcare. The child with disability receives parental care underscored by these customs, the specifics being guided by caste, social class, and ethnicity. 3) Parental beliefs of behaviour expected of children i.e. familial & community experience in socialization of children. It is important that while analyzing the situation of the child with disability, the child be viewed in the context of these three subsystems, which share the function of mediating the child’s developmental experience within the larger culture. In an attempt to understand childhood disability, this section will discuss important issues under the following themes: ➢ Defining Disability ➢ Early...
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...Introduction This is a summary about benefits and challenges of self-contained., inclusion and resource room placement settings for individuals with mild and moderate disabilities. We are going to go through patterns of learning, development, interests, cultural and a linguistic factor that affects decisions leading to placement, we are going to analyze strategies that will facilitate integration and inclusion to students with disabilities in to placement options. Identifying Factors We are living in an era where more students have access to free, appropriate education than any other time in history. (H.W. Wilson). Everything that we want to accomplish in special education classroom is all for the wellbeing of our students, however sometimes...
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...Early years settings, such as nurseries, preschools, and even childminders, have legal duties to ensure the general welfare of children in their care. These requirements are outlined in various legislation, regulations, and statutory guidance documents. The aim of these requirements is to ensure that all children are safe, emotionally secure and adequately stimulated. All settings should have written policies and procedures that are underpinned by the welfare requirements outlined in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework, including those relating to safeguarding, equality of opportunity admissions, behaviours, health and safety, administering medicines, data protection, and confidentiality. General welfare requirements that work...
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...Topical Reference List: Inclusion of Autism Spectrum Disorder Students Lindsey Liermann Liberty University Abstract This paper includes a reference list of literature relating to components of successful inclusion for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In general, the literature seems to indicate what practices are effective for successfully including ASD students with typical peers, as well as, if inclusion is right for all ASD students. The literature includes evidence that the different components support students’ progress in general education settings. More empirical data needs to be collected to see if different components work for all students with Autism Spectrum Disorder while with typical peers. Keywords: students with ASD, inclusion, typical peers, successful strategies, perceptions of inclusion, support, and modification for students. Topical Reference List: Inclusion of Autism Spectrum Disorder Students Until recently, the common practice was to pull children with Autism or other disabilities out of regular education classrooms for majority of the day or even have them completely segregated. It seemed more efficient to provide specialized instruction in separate classrooms where children with Autism could received individualized attention without having to alter the mainstream curriculum that typical peers received. But, different practices were proposed in the 1980’s for greater efforts to “include”...
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...Full Inclusion is the theory that children with disabilities, particularly those with learning disabilities, should be placed in regular classrooms full time. It refers to the movement that all students with disabilities, regardless of type or severity, are educated full time in a general education classroom and program. This method would allow disabled children to make friends with “normal” children and be given the opportunity to learn in a stimulating environment, where they can get the “real world” education that they will need to be able to fit into society and flourish as productive members. Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, students with special needs are entitled to a full, free, public education in regular educational programs and settings. The inclusion classroom would provide exactly that, a setting for these students to interact with their peers of all ability levels, thus most accurately mirroring the real world outside of school. At current most schools in the United States do not use the method of full inclusion. The current trend in education is to use either mainstreaming or what is considered the least restrictive environment (Feldman 273). Mainstreaming refers to the practice of educating students with special needs in regular classes during specific time periods based on their skills. This means regular education classes are combined with special education classes. Least Restrictive Environment refers to the concept that children with...
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...The construction of early childhood educators' professional identities are mainly depend upon many features and changes based on their experiences and the emotions (Duncan, 2008). These experiences and emotions are influenced by many factors such as working conditions, pay rates, policies, and relationships with families and other professionals (Dahlberg el., 2007). Early childhood settings are socially constructed and the specific outcomes that the early childhood settings need to create are now widely identified in early childhood policy and literature (Whitehead, 2008). For example, most of the early childhood centres focus on enhancing children’s development and preparing for schooling (starting school-ready to learn) (Dahlberg el., 2007)....
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...attitudinal and public barriers. Most determinant factor refers to attitudes of the community towards persons with disabilities and inclusion. A limited understanding of the perception of disability, negative attitude towards persons with disabilities and a tough resistance to modify are the key barriers impeding inclusive education. The dispute towards inclusive education could originate from different directions such as attitudinal factors, conflict to change, inflexible school systems and learning atmosphere, lack of unambiguous educational strategies, lack of instructional and learning materials and scarce...
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