...Mark Zawada Title IX Title IX states, “no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance”(Coakley). This law has been under scrutiny the last couple of decades. Mainly by those who have a misconception that the Title IX law has hurt male athletics in college sports. The fact of the matter is that Title IX does not affect the state of men’s athletics and has not had a negative affect towards male athletes. Title IX is a law that provides equal opportunities for both men and women. One of the biggest misconceptions is that Title IX has had a negative impact on male sports in intercollegiate athletics. People who are against Title IX state that men’s programs get cut due to the fact that universities have to provide equal scholarships to both men and women. The Women’s Sports Foundation states that, “Title IX's purpose is to create the same opportunity and quality of treatment for female athletes as is afforded male athletes. The law does not require reductions in opportunities for male athletes” (www.womenssportsfoundation.org). In fact, Erik Brady of the USA Today writes that, “Men’s teams in other sports have been added over the years to more than offset the teams dropped. She says schools that drop men's sports often give reasons other than Title IX. And she points out that of...
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...Title IX is a civil rights law that prevents any federally-funded program from allowing sex discrimination. In 1972 Title IX was passed, and it is part of the educational amendments of the United States. Title IX is one of the most well-known and significant of them all. Its protections include, but are not limited to: men, women, and transgender people. Title IX is currently being enforced in about 16,500 local school districts and 7,000 colleges/postsecondary establishments throughout all 50 states, as well as territories of the United States, and the District of Columbia. The law Title IX has changed sports in America forever because of the justice it provides to students, how it affects the process of high school and collegiate sports,...
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...Katie Higgins Mr. Mishou English IV 12 April 2013 Title IX “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance” (Primer). These thirty-seven words make up the civil rights law Title IX, which is widely known for reforming athletics, although it is never directly mentioned. First, the detailed history shows how many people worked rigorously to get the law passed. Furthermore, Title IX’s numerous tests show how verify schools complying with the law. Lastly, Title IX has increased the participation of women in athletics significantly over the past forty years. Title IX, the controversial federal civil rights act, has shaped athletics to how they are today by creating equal opportunities for female athletes. Flashback forty-one years to before Title IX changed the lives girls and women forever. Girls were not encouraged to play sports at a young and scholarships were not available for women to play athletics in college. People like Pat Summitt, arguably one of the best women’s basketball coaches ever, was not receiving fair treatment while playing collegiate basketball. In 1972, before Title IX was signed, Summitt played basketball for the University of Tennessee-Martin. The team was given uniforms that were used in the Physical Education classes and placed numbers on the back with tape....
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...Women in Sports Women in Sport: How Title IX Changed the Sport World Author Author Affiliation Abstract It has been said over from the beginning of time until today; behind every strong man is an even stronger woman. Throughout history, women have continuously made their imprint on the world. Women fought tirelessly to prove they could be just as good as their male counterparts. To assist in that effort, Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972 was created and implemented. How did Title IX really change the world? More importantly, how did Title IX impact females in the sports world. With that theory mind, the real question should be are women truly equal in the sport world? Is it a possibility to ever be truly equal with all of the obstacles in today’s society? Women in Sports “A strong woman believes that she’s strong enough to face her journey…but a woman of strength has faith that it is in this journey she will become strong!” Maya Angelo. 776 B.C. - The first Olympics are held in ancient Greece. Women are excluded, so they compete every four years in their own Games of Hera, to honor the Greek goddess who ruled over women and the earth. This is the first account of women competing in some type of sports. After many years of discrimination and not being offered the same opportunities, President Nixon signed the Title IX of Education Amendment on June 23th, 1972. Title IX must be explained and explored to how it affected not only women in general but more...
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...Although Title IX is widely known for initiating equality in women’s sports, its original purpose was to end gender discrimination in education. In fact, the words “athletics” and “sports” are not even stated in the aforementioned amendment. One positive consequence of Title IX regarding education is the elimination of admission quotas based on gender. Now all universities reviewed male and female applications equally. Lynne Ford argues that now “more women than ever before are enrolled in colleges and universities,” because statistics from 1979 indicate that “the number of women surpassed the number of men enrolled in college for the first time, and the upward trend has continued ever since.” However, one of the most detrimental inequalities between men and women was the wage or earning gap. Even though women have become a vital part of the American workforce due to the high demand for workers during World War II, females do not always earn as much as their male coworkers. This earning gap can be viewed as a lack in education equality. Thus, many feminist organizations and advocacy groups for...
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...to the young generation. This is 2 years after Title IX is imposed and rules are being implemented, there is hope and despair in the air for this to be a new move in sports by raising the question how do we create equity for women. In this paper, I will describe the view of an African American women who was born in Southern California and grew up after Title IX was created. She also tell me the other of growing up like being a fat and a tomboy which effected her day to day choices on what sport or physical activity she participated in. Kharyshi Wiginton, interviewed about her choice of physical activity and sport was born in Pomona...
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...Inequalities in women’s soccer (Women’s National Soccer Team; successful but not equal) Thesis: Although women’s soccer has come along way, as a result of Title IX, gender discrimination is still seen in women’s professional’s sports today. Over the last year, issues about pay, field conditions, and even feminism have surfaced as a result of this summers Women’s World Cup. I. Introduction a. Quote “I don’t want to be considered a great female athlete, I want to be a great athlete”. The idea of a professional female athlete is a fairly new concept that has only developed in the last century. b. Women’s soccer in relatively new to the U.S., however, the sport has been revolutionized by the tremendous success of the U.S. Women’s National Soccer...
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...favorite sport for it. Your coach walks in with an upset look on his face. You think to yourself that it’s just going to be a difficult practice. Your coach actually tells you that you do not have practice today. You wont have practice ever again. Your entire life work gone, just like that. With your heart crushed, you cannot understand why the sport is just, canceled. You walk up to your coach and ask what the problem is. Your coach, as disappointed as you, tells you that the University board of athletics has decided to drop your “life” from the program to abide by the Title IX requirements and for not being a profitable program. This actually happened here at the University of Utah 50 years ago and it’s because there is a problem going on at Universities like The U and it is that men’s non-revenue sports, like wrestling, are being impacted negatively. Wresting is beginning to fade from colleges that are not in the Big Ten or the Ivy League, and Colleges like the University of Utah are participating in letting the sport diminish. In an article written by Coyte G. Cooper, “Involving the core product” “While there were 363 NCAA wrestling programs in 1981, the number of men’s wrestling programs offered by the NCAA had diminished to 234 in 2005.” Schools should stop making excuses for dropping the sport and making reasons on why to add. This is exactly what the University of Utah should be doing. The University should be trying to find reasons to reintroduce the sport that all athletics...
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...stunts to amaze the crowd. How would you feel if the sport you took part in every day was questioned? For a cheerleader, cheering would be considered a sport, but to an onlooker, it may seem as if the activity is just that, activity. You may be reading and saying, "I thought cheering was a sport", but in actuality by law, it is not considered a sport. The same debate has been going on for years about this subject. But has it come to an agreement? Cheerleading is a multi-cultural activity consisting of many different flips and cheers, but has to cheerlead in any way made its mark be a global sport? As a matter of fact, cheering requires the same physical stability as other sports like basketball, baseball, soccer, and others. Even though many may disagree due to the way television presents cheering. I believe cheering is a sport, and it should be classified under both Title IX and NCAA Sports. Cheerleading has developed over the last twenty years, from just sideline cheering at events of cheering doesn't just include the spirit shown with cheers and chants, and it now integrates the form and skills of gymnastics also. The competition alone has advanced for cheerleaders. The stunts, which consist of two to three participants holding another into the air almost six feet above the head. The tumbling is which requires a high amount of endurance to complete a complicated flip. With the progression of the basics of cheerleading, this has also caused an increase in injuries with time. Doctor...
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...Today women’s sports are less popular than men’s. Why? Mainly because men will almost always dominate women in an athletic environment because women are not that physically capable as men are, so not only do they get less interest, but it also means less media coverage, less funding and support. There are some exceptions in certain sports e.g. gymnastics, volleyball, tennis and also basketball. These particular sports are increasing in popularity, which means more media coverage, more fans and more sponsors. Other sports e.g. cycling are still struggling to compete with male equivalent. Historically, women have been discriminated in sports, and have not been provided with the same opportunities as men. A vast disparity has existed between men’s and women’s sports including training facilities, lack of equipment, coaching staff, trainers, and adequate funding. Sex discrimination played a huge part for women to compete in sports. The first Olympic Games of modern era in 1896 was not open for women. But since then the participation of women in Olympic movement have changed dramatically. This represents the changing values of our society. In U.S. before 1970s participation in sports for women was limited due sex discrimination laws. In 1972 Title IX a federal legislation was passed. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) had a task to implement Title IX. It gave women a remedy to address problems regarding sex discrimination. Main purpose of Title IX is to eliminate...
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...This interview is of Sharon Beverly, Debra DeMeis, and Richard Lapchick. The interview is all about Title IX, while Sharon Beverly was a basketball player, and then a coach during the development of the law. Debra DeMeis talks a lot about how it is not solely about sports, but is also about woman being accepted in jobs, and into school inspite of their gender, as well as other instances. Richard Lapchick talks about whether these laws that are to help woman in sports are affecting men in sports. They use real life experiences, and educated opinions about this to debate on it. This is very useful for my research. This once again gives perspectives of people that were alive during this time and were effected directly due to this. This is another...
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...Crowe XBCOM/275 Tiffany Bostic Is Cheerleading a Sport? Along with cheering on the sidelines at games, most cheerleading squads participate in heated competitions to show their athleticism. “Although the athleticism of cheerleaders has risen dramatically since Johnny Campbell led the first cheers at a University of Minnesota football game in 1898, what hasn't changed is the primary focus of school cheerleading: to promote school spirit, support other teams in competition and provide leadership within the school and community. Because of the highly athletic nature of modern cheerleading, annual competitions were created to showcase these athletes on their own and away from the sidelines, and the sport-or-not debate began”. (espnW.com, 2014). I. Pro’s A. Cheerleaders are athletes B. College cheerleading was as physically demanding and mentally challenging as any activity. C. Dictionary.com defines a sport as "an athletic activity that requires physical prowess or skill and often a competitive nature." Cheerleading definitely fulfills this criteria. II. Cons A. Sports teams exist to compete, not to perform and entertain or support another group that competes. B. Competitions are not frequently enough to satisfy NCAA, NFHS. C. Under the nation's Title IX regulations, which require universities receiving federal funds to offer equal athletic opportunities to both sexes, a sport must have coaches, practices, and competitions during...
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...Gender ideology helps determine masculinity and femininity even in sports. Sports have become a major source of community for many people, but specifically for men. They tend to be more masculine in nature except for events like figure skating and gymnastics. Therefore, men seem to take control and possession of the sports world. Women were not even involved in sports in the later 1960’s and before that. However, since they have been getting more sports programs and have become more involved in physical activities, women have had to deal with slightly more adversity than the men. There have been some people who believe women should not play sports. Some think in the two-sex system meaning that men should only play in specific sports and women...
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...Every spring avid sports fans look forward to the biggest college basketball tournament of the year, most commonly known as March Madness. This competition consists of both men’s and women’s NCAA basketball teams who compete in hopes of making it to the respected and heavily televised Final Four. The Final Four is the last game for each remaining team before the National Championship game, where the two deserving teams are matched up against each other. This series of competition creates a rich supply of content for sports media networks to influence viewer’s values and attitudes. Networks have become increasingly knowledgeable and schematic in using sport entertainment as a way to promote their ideologies, values, commercialization and interpretations of sport. Studies have found that people turn to sports in the media for entertainment. The different forms of media are evolving and moving in a more prevalent direction than they have been in the past. With the explosive growth of internet users in the past decade, media companies have created a domain where they can input their interpretations of sporting events and coverage. These domains have become dominated by the 18-34-year-old demographic (Kian, Mondello & Vincent 2009) who use websites such as ESPN, the most widely used website for obtaining sports related news (Lefton, 2006 as cited in Battenfield, Redmond & Ridinger 2014), and Sports Illustrated to read about upcoming games, watch live coverage, or get the low...
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...Cheerleading is a Sport. Priscilla Scott Eng. /102 1/31/2013 Vicki Lynn Samson Imagine bright lights, screaming fans and the floor vibrating beneath your feet. It is neither a football game nor a basketball game- it is a National Cheerleading Championship. Thousands of competitive cheerleaders around the country practice all year round to compete in the Nationals. In a large arena, surrounded by ESPN cameras, their hundreds of hours of grueling practice come down to how well they perform their two-and-a-half minute routine. The slightest mistake by any member of the team and their dreams of awarded "Champions" vanish. Most people confuse the girls and boys who yell chants such as "Go, Team Go!", or "Rah, Rah, Rah" to the crowd at sporting events, with the true athletes of competitive cheerleading. Cheering at sporting events is an activity in most school curricula, which is not a sport. However, because many people have not been introduced to competitive cheerleading, a true sport, they are led to believe that this type of chanting encompasses all forms of cheerleading. Although, the NCAA has not formally recognized cheerleading as a sport, competitive cheerleading is and should be considered a sport. Many people confuse sideline cheerleading with competitive cheerleading. Sideline cheerleading is an activity in which an individual cheers for a team. Sideline cheerleading consists of simple cheers where the crowd can cheer along with. It is fun and non-...
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