...for many women: puttinHistory is the discovery, collection, organization, analysis and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean a continuous, typically chronological, record of important or public events or of a particular trend or institution. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of knowledge which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events. Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present. The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history. Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. Amongst scholars, the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus is considered to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, forms the foundations for the modern study of history. Their influence, along with other historical traditions in other parts of their world, have spawned many different interpretations of the nature of history which has evolved over the centuries and are continuing to change....
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...Tacitus On Vespasian “The first move to convey imperial status to Vespasian took place at Alexandria. This was due to the eagerness of Tiberius Alexander, who caused his legions to swear allegiance to the new emperor on 1 July. The date was afterwards honoured as that of his accession though on 3 July the army of Judaea had taken the oath before Vespasian in person. Such was the enthusiasm that they acted without even waiting for the arrival of his son Titus, who was on his way back from Syria, where he had acted as the link between Mucianus and his father in their negotiations. The whole affair was carried through by a spontaneous move on the part of the troops, and there was no time to arrange a formal parade or concentrate the scattered legions.”” (Tacitus Histories II.79) This narrative from Tacitus' Histories refers to the seemingly spontaneous proclamation of Vespasian as Emperor of Rome in AD69. This event ultimately lead to the end of the civil war that had seen three emperors proclaimed and killed in the space of a year in Rome. That the army had proclaimed Vespasian on July 1 is also backed up by Suetonius (Suet. Vesp.6) and by Dio (REF) However Josephus does not date the event, and states that the Judean legions were the first to proclaim Vespasian (BJ, 601).. Despite the absence of detail within this passage, the acclamation of Vespasian by the troops was the culmination of a series of political manipulations which had been designed and carried out, by the...
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...Colosseum versus Coliseum Vanessa Wynn Humanities Professor Williams The Romans created urban centers that have some characteristics of our urban centers that are in our cities today. Many of architectural terms and skills that we use today began during the times of the Romans. The Romans took some features from the Greeks. Even though they felt that they far exceeded the Greeks, they had the wisdom to use the familiar Greek arch structure. The Colosseum is located in Rome, Italy. It began to be built in 72 AD. It was completed in 80 AD under Emperor Titus. Experts seem to think that the name came from the bronze statue of Nero (named Colossus Neronis) that was nearby. The Romans were the first to use concrete. This is a very strong building material. Its seating capacity was 55,000. This had to be a very large facility to be able to hold that many people. The seats were divided into tiers. Steep steps were used to go up the tiers. The best seats went to those who ranked high in society. It was used for entertainment purposes (such as gladiator combats, chariot races, animal hunts, executions and theater). The Hampton Coliseum is located in Hampton, VA. It was built in 1970. It consists of mainly concrete. The seating capacity is 13,800. One has to go up steep stairs to reach the various rows of seats. Your particular seat is determined by the price that you pay for a...
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...Titus Flavius Josephus was an ethnic Hebrew man, a soldier, a husband many, many times as well as a historian. Because he was a historian he was able to attain knowledge pertaining to different sects in Judaism. This ability allowed him to choose to be a Pharisee. His opinion may have been that he was against the war between the Romans and Jews but it did not change the fact that he became the commander of Galilee. In essence, he fought the Romans between the years of 66 A.D and 73 A.D as not only a commander but as a leader. Given this fight and Jews’ determination, thousands of people were still killed after being invaded by the Romans after the Jewish garrison of Yodfat’s fate was put into the Roman’s hands. After Galilee broke down, people of Jerusalem were not left with many options. They could have either surrendered to the Romans or committed suicide. Josephus did not commit suicide, but instead he opted to surrender to the Romans by bringing in his intelligence to their table in 67 A.D. When he decided to surrender to the Romans, the Romans took notice and admired him greatly. The general of Vespasian of Rome admired him so much that he took his name “Flavius” as his own. He informed the Romans about certain Although he called himself Josephus, people came to call him Titus Flavius. Even though Josephus’ life was in shambles during the war due to the fact that his wife and family ceased to exist when the Romans invaded Galilee, Vespasian compensated for that...
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...Della Valle Gives Back to His Country J.J. Martin http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303914304579193891982221478?mod=WSJ_LifeStyle_Lifestyle_12 Hieu Ngo Summary This article tells a story about how Diego Della Valle gives back his money to help restore the Rome’s Colosseum. The first time Diego visited the Colosseum is when he was 11 years old, and now, after 50 years, he came back as a CEO of the luxury leather goods company named Tod’s. He looks like a normal tourist, but people do not know that he is the one who puts 25 million euros of his company’s money to sponsor a full restoration of the monument. The Colosseum is constructed by Flavian Emperor Vespasian in AD 72 and it is introduced the first time by his son Titus in AD 80. After time, the monument has been stained, eroded by pollution, and readies to fall apart. Many precious antique things were stolen by robbers and damaged by natural catastrophe. However, thanks to the Diego’s fund, the Colosseum is gradually healing now. According to the article, although the Colesseum earned 28.8 million euros in ticket sales in 2012, it only received 2 million euros for its operating costs because of the lack of money for other monuments. Therefore, under the low budget used for restoration, Rome’s mayor has to solicit private funding to lure money from corporations, and Tod’s is one of the two companies which win the auction to restore the Colosseum. However, it leads to a huge national controversy about misusing...
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...------------------------------------------------- Colosseum The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio orColosseo) is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone,[1] it was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering. It is the largest amphitheatre in the world.[2] The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 70 AD,[3] and was completed in 80 AD under his successor and heir Titus.[4] Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).[5]These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius). The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators,[6][7] and was used for gladiatorial contests andpublic spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based onClassical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine. Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined because of damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone-robbers...
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...The Hunger Games is a tale of what humans could possibly become in the future, if they failed to learn from their past history, choosing instead, to repeat it. There is a reinforcement of a culture of the Roman Empire, in particular, the Roman Gladiators. Being a Roman Gladiator is almost comparable to being a professional football sport player of today, in the sense that it was a sport of competition, as are the adolescents in the Hunger Games. In this futuristic science fiction book, young “gladiators”, or tributes, are volunteered to fight to the death representing their district, as did the Roman Gladiators from our history. Just as each tribute, gladiators were volunteered, or forced to fight and live that lifestyle until death. Each tribute, was volunteered to go and fight to the death; this reliving of a culture from hundreds of years shows the connection between the story Hunger Games, and the culture of the Roman Empire. In the story, there are 12 districts in the totalitarian government that once was the United States, of which two youths, otherwise known as a tribute, fight as gladiators once did until there is only one victor. This totalitarian regime has a strong resemblance to “The Myth of Theseus”, who was the son of both Aegeus, king of Athens, and of the god Poseidan, who both slept with his mother in the same night. The king of Crete, after defeating the Athenians in war, demanded that the Athenians send an annual tribute of seven of their handsomest...
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...Imagines Imagines: Labor: Imperator Romae Urbs: Roma Urbs Domestica: Roma Titus Flavius Vespasianus Amo - Constructio - Regnans Romam - Lex - Musica - Adiuvans populum - Familiae et amici - Impendens pecuniam - Ludi Gladiatorii - Feminae De Urbs: Roma Dies ortus: December XXX, XXXIX A.D. Lingua: Latin Opiniones Religiosae: Sequor deos et deas. Prolationes: “Corpus mortui hostis semper olfacit dulcem.” Cognatio Status: Mea primus uxor perivit. Ei nomen erat Arrecina Tertulla. Ego sum divortium ab Marcia Furnilla. Ego sum non in cognatio. Amici et Familiae Vespasian Domitilla I Domitian Britannicus Claudius Nero Arrecina Tertulla Marcia Furnilla Julia Berenice M. Julius Agrippa II Postremo constructio Flavian Amphitheatre conficit! Amo Annotamentum Renovo urbem Romae post ille exitialis ignis. Amo Annotamentum Mitto auxilium ad illi vulneraverunt propter eruptionem Vesuviis. Amo Annotamentum Titus Flavius Vespasianus October XXVI MMDCCLXV Facebook iungit. Labor: Regnans Roma Urbs: Roma Urbs Domestica: Roma Discedo pro Sabinis provincias. Redeam post paulo. Amo Annotamentum Amores Imagines De Publius Vergilius Maro October XII MMDCCLXV Facebook iungit. Ego sum laetissimus quod fundam habeo iterum! Amo Annotamentum Ego mirabile Amo Annotamentum Publius Vergilius Maro apud Maeceneas fuit. Amo Annotamentum Amo Annotamentum Amici et Familiae Augustus Maeceneas ...
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...that you do not have to fear his or her vengeance”. Machiavelli’s quote speaks on how if someone does you harm and you feel you must do harm back, to do it in such a way where they will regret the harm they did upon you and where you will never fear his or her revenge. In William Shakespeare’s, Titus Andronicus, it shows how a series of acts of revenge is taken place and how that synchronizes the characters into a cycle of eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth violence. We are first brought into Titus Andronicus when Titus, the protagonist, kills Tamora’s eldest son as a way of retribution for the loss of some of his own children. Because of the killing of her son only causes seek for revenge on her behalf, she then does as so. “That what you cannot as you would achieve, you must perforce accomplish as you may (28-II.1)”. As retribution to Titus, Tamora here gets her sons, Chiron and Demetrius, to rape Titus daughter Lavinia and describe her as a “hunt” they will do in the woods. Although this might not be seen as a big enough revenge, it gets to the point where, as Machiavelli said, she will injure someone and do it in a way that she wont fear his vengeance. In addition to just raping Titus daughter, Demetrius kills Bassianus, Lavinia’s husband. “This is the day of doom for Bassianius; His Philomel must lose her tongue today, thy songs make pillage of her chastity (32-II.3)”. This set a foundation to what the type of revenge Tamora is seeking. By saying his Philomel must lose her...
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...Shakespeare's play Titus Andronicus. Tamora seeks revenge against Titus for murdering her sons. She refuses to stop until she destroys Titus' entire family. Titus seeks revenge against Tamora for the loss of two of his sons in the war with Goth. As each one of them continues to extract revenge against the other, nothing is ever settled. In fact, the lust for revenge against each other, only increases to new heights. The vengeful spirit that exists between Titus and Tamora is only compounded by the total absence of any remorse for the pain and suffering that they are inflicting on each other. Titus and Tamora will go to great lengths to make sure that the other ones suffering is greater than their own. Titus' quest for revenge ultimately causes him to go insane. And by her actions, Tamora is just as insane as Titus. In Act 5 Scene 2 of the play, Tamora and her two sons approach Titus' house in an effort to convince him that she is the spirit of revenge. Titus recognizes Tamora immediately but Tamora tell him "Know, thou sad man, I am not Tamora; She is thy enemy, and I thy friend. I am Revenge, sent from th' infernal kingdom To ease the gnawing vulture of the mind By working wreakful vengeance on thy foes. Come down and welcome me to this world's light." (McDonald, Russ. Titus Andronicus. New York: Penguin Group, 2000) At this point, Titus acts as if he believes Tamora and convinces her to leave her two sons, Chiron and Demetrius behind. As soon as Tamora leaves, Titus bounds as...
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...history of staged and film reproductions. Titus Andronicus, Shakespeare’s famous revenge tragedy play, stands as no exception to the previous statement. David Foley McCandless uses Julie Taymor’s play and film versions of Titus Andronicus to show the opposing impacts of violence each has on the audience (489). Taymor’s visions correlate to modern society’s tendencies of vengeance, and how the characters in the play were shaped by revengeful occurrences over the course of the play. McCandless signifies the chaos and vengeance displayed by Titus throughout the play result from the failure of traditional power in Rome (490). During the first acts of the play, Titus returns a military hero and shows his beliefs in traditional Roman culture. In both of Taymor’s renderings of the play Titus shifts from armored warrior to weeping grandpa in distressed appearance (490). Titus’s shift from valiant to helpless is provides the audiences of both the film and staged production to sense the effects of a corrupted Roman empire. McCandless connects Titus’s demise from military hero demeaned by Roman society, to the Vietnam vet’s dislocation in society after the war (490). The mood of the audience is sorrowful, as Titus appears to be directly following the path of Rome, in what traditionally is such a powerful and fair empire, in falling apart as a result from a corrupted emperor and revenge minded wife. McCandless provides how the collapse of Rome leaves Titus nullifying his values, losing what...
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...Paul as a Pastor After reading Annette Huzenga’s article on “Paul as a pastor in 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy and Titus” I began to think that Paul could not be a pastor in today’s society because of his strong personality and sense of a grand mission that he was truly dedicated to. As Huzenga said “Paul understood this about himself.” He never stayed long at a church because his mission was too large to hang around too long. He was preaching to the Non-Christians in the Roman Empire. He knew that his life was in danger with the Romans. Paul was not a pastor, he was an apostle; (295). An apostle is known for moving around from one place to another. The apostle sends information to their churches and anoint others like Timothy and Titus to oversee the churches after his work is done. Timothy and Titus were not pastors, but “overseers”, “elders” or “deacons” to focus on two main points of leadership. (295) Timothy and Titus were Pauls’ respected coworkers, so they had to conduct themselves the same way as him. As far as what the scholars say, Paul didn’t write the letters and that they were written after his death, is an individuals’ belief. (295) I personally believe he wrote because Jesus chose him to do such a difficult job and I don’t think that Jesus would not stay with him to complete his work. I can only read their comments and go on. Paul was definitely a teacher as pastorals called “a teacher” in (1 Tim 2:7; 2 Tim 1:11). The pastorals used language for instruction showing...
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...Listening to Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, we learn very quickly that the Prince of Denmark is a talkative person. Plagued by uncertainty and doubt, he tries to talk through all his concerns with anyone who will listen. When no other characters are nearby, he famously talks to himself, working out the play’s central themes in some of the most famous soliloquies every written (Klann 127). However, for a neophyte watching a performance of the play, understanding everything Hamlet says can be difficult. Studying the texts of these speeches in printed form is helpful, because it allows the reader to follow the carefully constructed figurative language line-by-line. However, to gain a greater grasp of Hamlet’s emotional state, it’s sometimes better to simply listen to the words. By comparing recordings, the listener can quickly learn about the many possible interpretations of Shakespeare’s famous soliloquies. For example, in Avery Pohlman’s classic performances from the 1990s, we can sense Hamlet’s increasing panic over his inability to choose a definite course of action (Live From New York's Golden Arch Theater). Pohlman’s interpretation stands in stark contrast to the early recordings of Justin Makepeace, which are known for their somewhat lighter mood. In this paper, I attempt to compare the Pohlman and Makepeace recordings of Hamlet’s soliloquies. [Add more about the paper’s overall organization. Explain how comparing the recordings leads to a deeper understanding of the...
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...Refera The Pre-Referral Process: Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) /Response to Intervention (RTI) Anika M. Taylor Special Education Foundations and Framework February 20, 2013 Schools and entire districts have embarked on multiple strategies to address challenging areas for students with disabilities and those at risk for behavioral and academic failures. Over the years, educators and policymakers have recognized the need to create, implement, and document practices that have proven to make an impact on student learning and behaviors. Many of the strategies used have focused on the collection of data and the collaboration between and amongst professionals. Today, educators agree that the key to effective interventions for students at risk for failure and those with disabilities lies in a comprehensive approach that fosters growth in student overall learning and behaviors. Several approaches were designed to meet the challenges that students experience as they engage in their learning. These approaches include two processes outlined in this discussion: Response to Intervention (RTI) and Positive Behavioral Intervention Support (PBIS). Response to Intervention (RTI) integrates assessments and intervention within a school wide, multi-level prevention system to maximize student achievement and reduce behavior problems. The RTI process helps to identify students for poor learning outcomes, provide evidence based interventions and...
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...The Reality of Quick Response (QR) in the Japanese Fashion Sector and the Strategy Ahead for the Domestic SME Apparel Manufacturers Nobby (Nobukaza) Azuma School of Management Heriot-Watt University UK E-mail: nobukaza@aol.com N.Azuma@hw.ac.uk Fax: +44-(0) 131-451-3498 Abstract Quick Response (QR) has long been perceived as the essential survival strategy of the textile and apparel (T-A) manufacturers in the developed economies against offshore competition. However, the regionalization of global economies and active governmental investment in the T-A industry in the offshore countries has allowed the offshore QR to become increasingly feasible. This changing facet of QR may spell out more lucrative opportunities for Japanese "apparel firms", which have predominantly in-house creative and marketing functions, to widen the scope and the scale of their fashion business operations, since the economic upgrading in the Pacific Rim will create a huge consumer market that shares similar fashion trends as in the Japanese market. However, the apparel firms' production shift offshore has, on the other hand, threatened the existence of the domestic SME apparel manufacturers that have traditionally served their apparel firms customers, now that QR is no longer the sustainable competitive advantage of domestic manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the levels of QR implementation, identifying the potential pitfalls and drawbacks of the current QR initiatives in the Japanese...
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