...The Relationship between Australia & Indonesia Previous to this research assignment, I was uninformed of Australia’s complex relationship with Indonesia. However, after extensively analysing media articles from a range of different sources, I have concluded that the relationship is balanced in a sense that it displays both positive and negative aspects. When discussing military relations, overall, negative impacts from the East Timor war have left the Indonesian- Australian relationship with tension and uncertainties that remain until this day. In relation to political connections, most aspects of the government relationships are positive, despite a few minor cases that dislodge the strong bond. On the other hand, the booming tourism industry reflects positive aspects of the Indonesian- Australian relationship. After the Japanese Attacks on Australia in World War II, Australia recognised its vulnerable geographical position and sought a relationship with the islands to the immediate north (Indonesia) to form a strong defence strategy. However, this military alliance has had a negative impact on Indonesia’s and Australia’s relationship. Specifically referring to the East- Timor war, a series of negative events strained the relationship between the two nations. The first of these events, being the killings of 5 Australian journalists when they had been reporting on the East Timor war in Balibo. Recent evidence has proved that these killings were a deliberate act of execution...
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...firms and its governments. In this essay, it focuses on the implications on the Australian government as Australian firms conduct business activities with international firms. This is observed through two selected Australian newspaper articles, “Trade ties with Indonesia poor: exporter” (Perry, 2013) and “What does an arms trade treaty means to us in Australia?” (Mallinson, 2013). In addition to identifying the implications, an analysis of each article deals with the relations to the international business concepts such as ethical social responsibility and the relevance to “the Friedman Doctrine” (Friedman, 1970) and political economy in country attractiveness to conducting business activities. The Australian firm, Elder, the exporter of Australian cattle has endure implications towards the Australian government, resulting in poor international trading with international firms. Through “Trade ties with Indonesia poor: exporter” (Perry, 2013), it describes “trade relations with Indonesia are poor”(Perry, 2013) specifically the agriculture cattle industry and criticises the “policymakers”(Perry, 2013) classified as the Australia government. In 2011, a public outrage occurred when “horrific footage from Indonesian abattoirs that uses Australia cattle has revealed abuse of the animals” (Worthington, 2011). Following the event, the Australian government introduced Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System (ESCAS) in 2011, “as live exporter found their industry accused of not doing enough...
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...they differ from each other? An economic arrangement between different regions marked by the reduction or elimination of trade barriers and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. The aim of economic integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and prioducers.as well as to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement. Levels of Economic Integration: NAFTA Customs Union Common Market Economic Union Political Union Type Free trade External Tariff Free factor Fiscal& monetary Free trade EFTA Area Customs union EEC57 Common market EC80 Economic union EU92 2. What are economic and political arguments for economic integration? Given these arguments, why don’t we see many examples of integration such as the EU in the world economy? Agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce, and ultimately remove tariff and nontariff barriers to the free flow of goods. Services and factors of production among each other. Discrimination: Members and Non-members. The economic case for regional integration is straightforward. Economic theories of international trade predict that unrestricted free trade will allow countries to specialize in the production of...
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...2 2.0 Geographic Location Page 3 3.0 Demographic Analysis Page 3 4.0 Economic Analysis Page 3 4.1 Macroeconomic Analysis Page 4 4.1.1 GDP and GDP Growth Page 4 4.1.2 GDP per capita and GDP per capita PPP Page 5 4.1.3 Income Distribution Page 5 4.1.4 Major Exports and Imports Page 5 4.2 Business Environment Page 6 4.2.1 East of Doing Business Page 6 4.2.2 Economic Freedom Page 7 4.2.3 Perceived Corruption Page 7 4.2.4 Tariffs and Trade Agreements Page 7 4.2.5 Competitive Analysis Page 8 4.3 Per Capita Spending Page 9 4.4 Technological and Physical Infrastructure Page 9 4.4.1 Transport Infrastructure Page 10 4.4.2 Physical Infrastructure Page 10 5.0 Social Characteristics and Market Potential Page 11 6.0 Political and Legal Environment Page 11 6.1 Political Risk Page 11 6.2 Legal Risk Page 11 7.0 Trade and Diplomatic Relations with Australia Page 12 8.0 Country of Choice Page 12 9.0 Mode of Entry Page 12 10.0 Conclusion Page 13 References Page 14 Executive Summary This report examines and assesses the market suitability of two countries for the company Octahedron’s SWIM software. This report analyses and compares Singapore and Indonesia’s political, economic and business environments. The report examines and compares key economical, political and business environment factors identified as impacting...
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...January 21st 2013 Australia’s economic growth relies on Asia’s continuing demand for resources Many countries in Europe and US are dealing with fiscal crises, banking sector instability and serious downside growth risk. Fortunately, Das (2012) point out that Australia has a great probability in the future to face global economy problems. Australia is rich in natural resources, and because of their natural resources, it helps Australia to show a great performance in economic sector (Das, 2012). Australia’s economy activity keeps increasing, also added by the amount of demand for exports from China. With the large demand of exports from China, it proposes new opportunity in diversifying trade relations from European Market. Unfortunately, Australia is too depending itself on Asian demand. If decreases happen in demand from China, it will affect headline GDP growth. From now on, the intention of this discussion is to Australia’s economic growth, which relies on Asia’s continuing demand for resources. Nowadays, Australia’s growth is really depending itself to china’s demand. Plumb, Kent, and Bishop (2012) mention that the boom in the resource sector is one of the sectors that got an effect from strong growth in Australia. Plumb, Kent, and Bishop (2012) say that there are three overlapping phases that this boom has. But he believes that someday the demand for commodities will be easier because development of economies in the Asian region will shift from goods to services. Some...
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...PSCI 2750 INTERNATIONAL RELATION DR. TUNKU MOHAR BIN TUNKU MOHD MOKHTAR SECTION 2 SEMESTER 1 2015/2016 “A RESEARCH ON INDONESIA’S INTEREST TOWARDS JOINING TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP” Prepared By: Muhamad Fadel Wijaya (1221665) Muhamad Fatih Azka (1311515) Ahmad Azzam Al-Qoyyimuddin (1313511) KIRKHS INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1st Chapter: Introduction A. Background...............................................................................................................3 B. Importance of the Topic...........................................................................................3 C. Research Question....................................................................................................4 D. Argument and Hypothesis........................................................................................4 2nd Chapter: Theoretical Framework A. Definition of Key Terms............................................................................................5 B. Literature Review......................................................................................................6 C. Collection of Data…………………………………………………………………………………….…..7 3rd Chapter: Case Study………………………………………………………………………………………….8 4th Chapter: Conclusion……………..…………………………………………………………………………11 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND President Joko...
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...Globalization has benefited developed countries more than developing countries. To what extend do you agree with this statement? Globalization is widely discussed subject. Therefore, it is not that easy to explain such a complicated term in simple words. The advancement in technology such as mobile phones, airplanes, telephones and the internet have made the growth of transport and communication networks possible and more convenient. This means that people and countries can exchange information and goods more quickly and in a less complicated way. This is called globalization. Since, there is an active trade among countries, the products that are manufactured are affordable. The products can be purchased by more people since they are priced cheap. However, the trade of economic goods and products are not only the matter that takes place, but also services, knowledge, cultural goods and even languages. Simply, globalization can be described as the borders being removed so that countries become economically, socially and politically interdependent on one another. There are both benefits and consequences to globalisation for developed and developing nations which impact aspects of society such as employment, level of foreign investment, brain drain/gain and aid (UNESCO, 2014). Globalization has helped countries to developed greatly in all the economy and society. Researchers from different parts of the world have gone through this topic and there are some of them who believe...
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...increase to USD15 billion in 2010, providing direct employment to nearly 2 million people and 6.8 million people overall (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2010). Realizing that tourism has larger impact on employment and promotes trade opportunities and development of the country, the Government of Indonesia has increased the annual budget for tourism, allocating USD229.3 million for 2011 (Citrinot, 2010) for both development and promotion of the industry. With a total promotion budget of USD50 million, the government has targeted to increase the number of arrivals to 7-7.5 million (Bali News & Views, 2010). Indonesia is promoted by The Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board (the “Board”) through the 12 Visit Indonesia Tourism Offices (“VITO) located in 11 countries (2 VITO in China, Beijing and Guanzhou), and the 33 provincial tourism boards of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. Indonesia’s 58 embassies and representative offices overseas also conduct tourism promotion via its economic office. The Board does not have control over the activities of the embassies or the provincial tourism boards. Objectives, Terms of Reference and Approach We were instructed to conduct an assessment and evaluation of the marketing communication strategy of the Board to promote Indonesia to international tourists. We were further instructed to focus our research specifically to promoting to the international markets. Based on the weaknesses identified, we are to provide our recommendations for improvements. The...
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...Jalan Sisingamangaraja No.70A, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[4] commonly abbreviated ASEAN ( /ˈɑːsi.ɑːn/ ah-see-ahn,[5] rarely /ˈɑːzi.ɑːn/ ah-zee-ahn),[6][7] is a geo-political and economic organization of ten countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.[8] Since then, membership has expanded to include Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its aims include the acceleration of economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of regional peace and stability, and to provide opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully.[9] ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million km², 3% of the total land area of Earth, with a population of approximately 600 million people, 8.8% of the world population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three times larger than its land counterpart. In 2010, its combined nominal GDP had grown to US$1.8 trillion.[10] If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the ninth largest economy in the world. History ASEAN was preceded by an organisation called the Association of Southeast Asia, commonly called ASA, an alliance consisting of the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand that was formed in 1961. The bloc itself, however, was established on 8 August 1967, when foreign ministers of five countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand...
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...Australia and New Zealand: Doing business with Indonesia SECTION 1 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Numerous Australian and New Zealand organisations are looking for business opportunities in Asian nations as Asian nations are in developing stage and they offer limitless business chances to officially created countries. Here, we are going to examine the business development of Australian and New Zealand associations in Indonesia. To start a business in a foreign country, it is crucial to understand the culture, social, customs and language of the country to be successful (Morrison & Conoway, 2006). Culture Hofsetede has sorted social contrasts into three wide classifications i.e. National society, Business Culture and Organizational society. National society delineates the political and social limits of the country. Business society includes rules, regulations, qualities and convictions of working together in a specific society (Deresky & Christopher, 2012). National Culture measurements are as per the following: 1. Power Distance 2. Independence/Individualism versus Collectivism 3. Manliness versus Femininity 4. Vulnerability/Uncertainty Avoidance 5. Long term Orientation 6. Indulgence (Kullen & Parboteeah, 2014). The visual chart joined in Appendix 1 indicates how these three nations vary from each other on the premise of aforementioned measurements. Indonesia is at high power separation as contrast with other two nations which implies more reliance...
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...should do in regard to China policy following the 2013 Federal Election 30 July 2013 at 22:44 Some Australian commentators claim that Australia is at a cross roads, and that it is unprecedented that its largest trading partner is not its closest ally.[1] In fact, its major ally and largest trading partner are engaged in a Cold War power struggle. They go on to say that solving this ‘unprecedented’ situation is Australia’s greatest foreign policy conundrum for at least the next decade.[2] However, Australia’s situation is not unique, neither in the region nor in its own history. By considering the recent positions of the major political parties this essay will examine Australian and Chinese foreign policy in relation to the importance of the Australian-Chinese relationship and whether we need to choose between China and America. Lastly, I shall recommend strategies for the Australian government to implement regarding its China policy. The overarching foreign policy aim for both the ALP and Coalition is serving Australia’s national interest, which can be broadly broken down into four main goals: maintaining the territorial integrity of Australia, including the safety and security of its society and economy; ensuring regional stability and preserving the existing regional balance of power; the sea lanes that make up the arteries of international trade remain open; and responding to new security threats.[3] Included in the last goal are terrorism, international crime, unregulated...
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...Introduction Australia has always been a trading nation. Its political, immigration and cultural links with other countries have been reinforced by international trade and investment, with its high reliance on imports such as electrical appliances, cars, clothes, footwear, PCs and watches being a reminder of these trade links. The influx of imported products has benefited Australia but in recent decades, the reliance on them has caused problems for its economy. Such problems have included trade deficits, whereby the value of imports has exceeded that of exports by between $12 and $20 billion each year. They also include foreign debt in money owed overseas, which has increased from roughly $19 billion to $527 billion since the 1980s, as well as causing unemployment. The increasingly complex pattern of Australia's trade links and the broadening of its export base reflect the attempt at tackling these ongoing problems. See image 1 Although Australia relies heavily on its overseas foreign investment and employers, with hundreds of foreign companies operating in Australia, it is also a high exporter of goods, services and capital, with most of its exports going to markets in South-East Asia. Agricultural goods and minerals dominate Australia's exports, as do some of its service firms such as Qantas which is well known overseas. This chapter will explore Australia's trade links in its membership of international trading blocs and agreements, its shift away from its traditional trading...
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...archipelago. There are 300 distinct ethnic groups in Indonesia, yielding an eclectic mix of over 500 languages. Javanese is the largest ethnic group, representing 42% of all ethnic groups on the islands. Hundreds of other groups make up the remaining 60% of the cultural demographic. Eastern Indonesia is inhabited by Melanesians, but regional identities are largely overcome by a sense of strong nationalism. Economic statistics and activity: GNP, GDP, rate of growth: The economy of Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia with a GDP of US$928.3B (nearly one Trillion), and the world’s 16th largest in terms on nominal GDP. The debt ratio to GDP is 26%. The industry sector is the largest, accounting for more than 46% of GDP. The country’s growth rate is roughly 6% In 2010, Indonesia was the 27th ranked exporting country, shipping products in decreasing order to Japan, Singapore, the United States, and China. Indonesia‘s export commodities are derivative of the country’s vast natural resources - oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles. Personal income per capita: In 2010, the per capita national income was 8,412,617 Rupiah. The current exchange rate is .000087 Rupiah to 1 US Dollar. This exchange puts the Indonesian national income at less than USD $1,000.00. The exchange rate was different in 2010, but the country was still in abject poverty. Average family income: The average wealth per adult in Indonesia in mid-2011 was USD $12,000.00. The poorest...
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...goal is to create a barrier-free trade zone and to enhance economic wealth by creating more efficiency within its marketplace. The current formalized incarnation of the European Union was created in 1993 with 12 initial members. Since then, many additional countries have since joined. The EU has become one of the largest producers in the world, in terms of GDP, and the euro has maintained a competitive value against the U.S. dollar. EU and non-EU members must agree to many legal requirements in order to trade with the EU member states. The European Union is a group of countries whose governments work together. It's a bit like a club. To join you have to agree to follow the rules and in return you get certain benefits. Each country has to pay money to be a member. They mostly do this through taxes. The EU uses the money to change the way people live and do business in Europe. Countries join because they think that they will benefit from the changes the EU makes EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 27 European countries that together cover much of the continent. The EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that countries who trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict. The result was the European Economic Community (EEC), created in 1958, and initially increasing economic cooperation between six countries: Belgium, Germany...
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...No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude to the Course Coordinator, Ms.SadhanaVenkatesh for the valuable guidance and support during my project work. I am thankful to my guide Dr. VasudevIyer for providing me the guidance throughout the course of this project. I...
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