...the heart transplant has been chosen. I will describe to you the process of this decision and evaluation and how the decision was made. Although the time in which to make such a drastic and life changing decision was brief, the decision was made with moral, professional and ethical choices. There were three qualifying candidates who were in need of the transplant: The first is a 55 year old male named Jerry, who is a husband and father of 3 children, aged 14, 16, and 19, a Middle Level Manager at a carpet distributing business and 5 years short of his retirement. His heart is damaged due to the use of steroids in his early 20’s when he was involved with bodybuilding before the dangers of steroid use were fully known. If Jerry gets the heart, his chances of living another 10-15 years are very high. The second is a 12 year old girl named Lisa. She is the only child in the family, and they cannot bear more children. She reads voraciously and yet likes playing with her Barbie Dolls. Lisa has suffered health issues all her life due to various viral infections and a lupus-like immune deficiency. Her heart was damaged during a nasty bout with pneumonia last year and actually stopped for a brief period. Even with a transplant, her chances of surviving into her 20’s are not good. Finally we have a 38 year old male named Ozzy who is homeless and a former crack cocaine abuser. His heart condition is due to continued abuse and overdosing of crack cocaine and without a transplant he will not...
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...Commercialization of Transplants Introduction The 1983 Human Tissue Act 65 regulates every aspect concerning organ transplants (Schicktanz, and Chair in Bioethics (Ḥefah), 2013). Since its last amendment in 1989, there have been tremendous developments in medical science. Presently, organ transplants are nearly routine operations in various hospitals. Commercializing human part for transplantation has also seen an increase in demand for sperms, hair, plasma, eggs, among others. Even so, there are arguments for and against the commercialization of human organs such as marrow, kidney, and sundry, with both sides of the arguments facing criticism. It is imperative to investigate ethical aspects regarding commercialization of human organs. To reach a conclusion on whether it is ethical or unethical, this paper summarizes both sides of the argument and later presents a moral argument and rationale for commercialization of transplants. Without commercialization, there would be few potential donors willing to give out their organs to a dying patient who needs the specific organ urgently, which is contrary to human dignity. This is the moral argument in this report. Arguments for commercialization In 2009, a group of cancer patients, bone-marrow donation advocates, and parents filled a lawsuit against the US government. The federal law had banned buying and selling of human organs. One of the parents had three daughters suffering from a blood disorder called Fanconi anemia, whose...
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...In the background of the nonstop increase in patients who need to transplant a part of body for survival, the law prohibiting the widespread of trading human organs in numerous nations is being a controversial issue. The information from “Topics for today” (Smith and Mare, 2004) as well as reference of other resources presenting in this paper does express two different perceptions. While most of ethical and political organisations oppose to transaction human organs, I still belive that it is necessary to legalize that business with the purpose of making the best endeavor in regaining the subsistence of millions patients. Revoking the law which does forbid the patient has the right to buy flesh and people has authority to sell their organs would be beneficial besides merely saving a person’s life. First of all, both dealers are beneficiaries from the business transaction. Ross Taylor, president of the British Transplantation Society revealed a tremendous view of the people who prepare to martyr themselves. Their desperate circumstances are motivations for them to sell their body organs for justifiable even lofty intention as paying off of debts, college tuitions or even saving their families. While their donations are considered as a gift for patients’ life, they are also rescued from the impoverished situation. Simultaneously, legalization of human organs trading facilitates for the available flesh to reach the expectation of people who are waiting for transplantation. The...
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...Commercialization of Organ Transplants Many critics argue that permitting organs to be bought and sold is unethical. In this paper I will review the arguments for and against commercialization of organ transplant. I will formulate my position on the debate of whether or not the sale of organs should be permitted and I will defend my moral judgment with an argument. I will also determine which normative theory best supports my conclusion. Nearly 100,000 people in the United States are on a waiting list for kidneys, hearts, livers, lungs, and other organs. Many of these people die each day because the high demand for organs greatly exceeds the supply, and the disparity is widening. Despite these laws and other strategies, such as organ donation cards, the organ shortage remains (Sadler & Sadler, 2012). Some people favor changing the federal law to allow people to buy and sell organs. Although, this approach is filled with ethical problems, including the risk that only the desperately poor would be persuaded, and possibly forced to sell their body parts (Sadler & Sadler, 2012). A problem that has been around is the trafficking of human organs. Despite severe and fine tuned laws most jurisdictions are unable to curb organ trafficking. Nor are they able to provide organs to the needy. There are reports of the kidnapping and murder of children and adults to “harvest” their organs (Kishore, 2005). Millions of people are suffering, not because the organs are...
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...Nurses Impact Lives Beyond: Case Studyd Nurses Impact Lives Beyond: Case Study Nurses Impact Lives Beyond Pre-hospital Phase: It was cold and dark, when the helicopter was dispatched to a scene flight for motor vehicle crash with double entrapment one May morning at 0230. Two of the three patients, are unresponsive and in critical and unstable condition. This is the first encounter our patient would have with a registered nurse providing and directing his care. The nurse possesses both acute care and pre-hospital expertise and would work collaboratively with police, fireman, good Samaritans, EMT’s and paramedics to access the patient, provide timely triage, life -saving interventions and rapid transport to the closest trauma center. Each team member has a pre-defined and respected role; the nurse is the senior health care provider and assumes the leadership role with a calm, confident demeanor that is reassuring to the team. This patient was a 25 year old man, unrestrained driver of a vehicle that hit a brick wall head-on at a high rate of speed. Of his two passengers, one of them is a brother, all require 20 minutes of extrication time from the severely damaged vehicle. After freeing our patient, the team works together to assess and stabilize him. His initial vital signs are worrisome, with a BP of 140/80, pulse of 160 and spontaneous respiratory rate of 8. The nurse assumes his care and quickly supports his respiratory rate by bagging and suctioning...
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...placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage. Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created to form and increase in size by a process of inorganic accretion, from the patient’s cell. This field of medicine is known as the regenerative medicine. In addition to this, there are basically various types of regenerative medical transplanting which are known as the auto graft, allograft organic transplantation, iso-graft, xeno-graft and xeno- transplantation, Split transplants, and Domino transplantation (Schicktanz, 2010, p4).According to the surgical field of medical profession, transplantation is performed in various parts of the human organ which are liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, intestine, pancreas and the thymus. Consequently, the transplantation of the kidney happens to be the most widely embraced worldwide....
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...| 2012 | | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Tawanda Bryant | [Leukemia and Lymphoma Society] | The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) is: Cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and myeloma, and improves the quality of life of patients and their families. Providing free information and support services, Leukemia and Lymphoma funds lifesaving blood cancer research around the world. | LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY TAWANDA BRYANT 11410 COUNTY ROAD 20 BOLIGEE, AL 35443 (205) 336-9851 tbryant3030@yahoo.com LEADERSHIP and ORGANIZATIONAL MAR12 SEC AA March 9, 2012 INSTRUCTOR: SHAROLYN HERGOTT LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY I have picked this organization because my best friend passed away last year with leukemia and I wanted to find out more on this disease and what I can do to help. Been passionate and concern about not only her health but the health of her kids, my research will show why it is important to me as well as others. Having a passion for helping other in any way I can is what I am going for. I also like the face that I can somewhat relate to their illness and pain they endure within their life. I would love to find a quicker cure for these diseases, but I know others are working on something better. Having someone close to you with any type of disease, not just leukemia or lymphoma is hard to take in and understand. Having the ability to communicate, have critical thinking, collaboration, and the ability to problem solve is what I aim...
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...“One of America’s Best Hospitals” according to U.S News and World Report. The Mission statement for Houston Methodist Hospital is “To provide high quality, cost-effective health care that delivers the best value to the people in a spiritual environment of caring in association with internationally recognized teaching and research” (Methodist, 2013). Furthermore, Houston Methodist Hospital is a nonprofit health care organization. Currently, The President and the CEO of Houston Methodist Hospital is Marc L. Boom, M.D. Houston Methodist’s being recognized as one of the best hospital in Texas, Houston Methodist’s vision “is to be among the nation’s leading academic medical centers and health systems – providing patients in Houston and beyond a quality of health care unmatched by others” (Methodist, 2013). Houston Methodist Hospital has earned worldwide recognition in multiple specialties such as; cardiovascular surgery, cancer and epilepsy treatment and finally organ transplantation. The Methodist Hospital System comprises five hospitals in the Houston area which are; Methodist Hospital changed its official name to Houston Methodist Hospital in 2013 by the Methodist Hospital System. San Jacinto Methodist Hospital was opened in 1948 which...
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...procedure of organ transplantation. There is a multiplicity of views on brain death and subsequent organ transplantation, with each culture’s beliefs shaping its own medical practices; these differing stances often lead to ethical debates. Background Brain death was first described in the 1950s by two French physicians, Mollart and Goulon, who termed it as “coma depasse,” a state beyond coma and differentiated it from “coma prolonged,” a continual vegetative state (Ganapathi 10). The Harvard Ad Hoc Committee later reported two definitions of death: the “traditional” cardio-pulmonary death and “brain death” (Lock 138). In 1981, the Report of the Medical Consultants on the Diagnosis of Death to the US President's Commission reevaluated death, advocating that the diagnosis of brain death should not be distinguished from the death of “the organism as a whole” (Death, dying and donation 9). Over the years, medical personnel have come to view brain death as the death of the brain stem, and diagnose it by examining the function of nerves that originate in the brain stem (Death, dying and donation 10). Further, there is no “golden rule” regarding confirmatory and clinical tests on brain dead patients, but tests such as electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebral...
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...From cliché to inception: a review of Bioprinting Tyler Crossley MCB 404 Biomedical Ethics Dr. Pimentel Introduction The utilization of 3-dimmensional printers to produce functional applications by the personal and consumer sectors have been acknowledged since the development of this technology. Two categories for product applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist: products to improve individual personal life, such as hearing aids and prosthetic limbs; engineering parts for many consumer products, such as many components of engines, guns and even musical instruments. Whichever contextual application of this technology is desired and utilized, both ethical benefits and weaknesses exist. Multiple American companies including General Electric, Boeing, Nike, Honeywell and others have used this technology in manufacturing motor components, shoes, solar panels and other consumer products. Endless potential applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist for future developments. Interestingly, printing of meat for human consumption as an alternative to harvesting meat from animals is currently being researched. In 2008 PeTA offered a $1 million X-Prize style reward for the first group to synthetically develop such commercially viable meat. This is one case in which proposing ethical dilemmas exist, and the many alternative controversies this topic entails. Further bioethical dilemma’s and considerations exist and will be discussed...
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...How to do business in china With a Solid economic expansion, coupled with a rapid market transformation and a series of government reforms, mean China the world's second-largest economy is no longer just a country for low-cost manufacturing. It is also an increasingly attractive destination to do business. Several western companies including global giants such as Starbucks, Volkswagen, Boeing and Procter & Gamble have established a presence in the country. But despite China's increasing influence, challenges remain for those looking to do business in the country. Intense competition, corruption, business etiquette and language are some of the barriers that can be faced. In a first time we’re going to talk about a few keys of success of doing business in china, and then we will take the example of Starbucks and his adaptation on the Chinese market. Here are five things we should know before doing business in China: A mosaic of markets China is the world's most populous nation, with its sprawling 1.3 billion people making up a highly diverse market. There is no single consumer profile, and analysts suggest companies remain flexible and innovative, while understanding how their company would fit in each specific market. There's no simple answer in China it depends so much upon the specific market and upon the specific characteristic of your own company. Operating in a country with a history of thousands of years and ways of doing business that go back as...
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...Is genetic engineering ethically right? Genetic engineering was first discovered in the 1970’s and since then ethical questions been raised regarding the process and results. Some people are excited by the possibilities of genetic engineering while others believe the process is unethical and should be banned as they claim scientists are ‘playing god’. Ethics is the philosophical study of what is morally right or wrong. It is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives. Philosophers tend to divide ethical theories into three areas; meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. This was first done by David Hume the philosopher who argued how we should look at ethical situations. “Meta-ethics looks at the meaning of language used in ethics, and raises questions about truth. Normative ethics tries to find practical moral standards that we can all live our lives by. These are also called ethical theories. Applied ethics is the application of theories about whether something is right or wrong in specific issues.” Distance Learning Centre, Ethics Pack, 2012. In the 1960’s a professor, Joseph Fletcher founded the theory Situation Ethics. In Situation Ethics right and wrong depend on the situation. There are no universal moral rules or rights, each case is unique and deserves a unique solution. “Situation Ethics is all about agape or love. You should always do the most loving thing” Distance Learning Centre, Ethics Pack, 2012. There...
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...What Should a Billionaire Give – and What Should You? . . . . . TWITTER LINKEDIN SIGN IN TO E-MAIL OR SAVE THIS PRINT SHARE By PETER SINGER Published: December 17, 2006 What is a human life worth? You may not want to put a price tag on a it. But if we really had to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. and A. Peter Singer answers readers' questions on the ethics of billionaire spending and philanthropy. With Christmas approaching, and Americans writing checks to their favorite charities, it’s a good time to ask how these two beliefs — that a human life, if it can be priced at all, is worth millions, and that the factors I have mentioned do not alter the value of a human life — square with our actions. Perhaps this year such questions lurk beneath the surface of more family discussions than usual, for it has been an extraordinary year for philanthropy, especially philanthropy to fight global poverty. For Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, the ideal of valuing all human life equally began to jar against reality some years ago, when he read an article about diseases in the developing world and came across...
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...What is Cloning? Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they can be made in the lab. Below, find out how natural identical twins are similar to and different from clones made through modern cloning technologies. How Is Cloning Done? Many people first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Artificial cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though. There are two ways to make an exact genetic copy of an organism in a lab: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. 1. Artificial Embryo Twinning Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones. As the name suggests, this technique mimics the natural process that creates identical twins. In nature, twins form very early in development when the embryo splits in two. Twinning happens in the first days after egg and sperm join, while the embryo is made of just a small number of unspecialized cells. Each half of the embryo continues dividing on its own, ultimately developing into separate, complete individuals. Since they developed from the same fertilized egg, the resulting individuals are genetically identical. Artificial embryo twinning uses the same approach, but it is carried out in a Petri dish instead of inside the mother. A very early embryo is separated into individual cells, which are allowed...
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...------------------------------------------------- The Belmont Report Office of the Secretary Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research April 18, 1979 AGENCY: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. ACTION: Notice of Report for Public Comment. SUMMARY: On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act (Pub. L. 93-348) was signed into law, there-by creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. One of the charges to the Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles. In carrying out the above, the Commission was directed to consider: (i) the boundaries between biomedical and behavioral research and the accepted and routine practice of medicine, (ii) the role of assessment of risk-benefit criteria in the determination of the appropriateness of research involving human subjects, (iii) appropriate guidelines for the selection of human subjects for participation in such research and (iv) the nature and definition of informed consent in various research settings. The Belmont Report attempts to summarize the basic ethical principles identified...
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