...| UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAMBUSINESS SCHOOLDepartment of Marketing | | | | | | | | | | | | | MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (MIB) INVESTMENTS IN EMERGING MARKET Question : Critically describe corporate social responsibility in the context of emerging economies INTRODUTION Definition of the Key Terms Emerging economy: These are rapidly growing and volatile economies of certain Asian and Latin American countries. They promise huge potential for growth but also pose significant political, monetary, and social risks. There are varying ways to define an emerging economy and are fairly standard definition is a country with income per head of population of $ 9,265 or less. Countries big and small can fall within this definition. For example, China, Mexico, Egypt and India is regarded as an economic power house, yet income per head of population is still low, so as an emerging economy it sits alongside much smaller economies such as Tunisia. These are typically economies in transition, moving from a closed to an open economy, as they seek to integrate into the world economy. But this wont necessary be a one way journey, and political or economic turmoil can send them back into their shells, possibly resulting in Sbigger the risk the greater the potential. Corporate Social Responsibility: Is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development...
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...Transportation & Logistics Transportation & Logistics 2030 Volume 1: How will supply chains evolve in an energy-constrained, low-carbon world? PricewaterhouseCoopers 1 Acknowledgements The editorial board of this issue of our Transportation & Logistics 2030 series consisted of the following individuals: PricewaterhouseCoopers European Business School Supply Chain Management Institute Dr. Heiko von der Gracht +49 611 3601 8800 vdgracht@supplyinstitute.org Tobias Gnatzy +49 611 3601 8800 gnatzy@supplyinstitute.org Prof. Dr. Inga-Lena Darkow +49 611 3601 8800 darkow@supplyinstitute.org Klaus-Dieter Ruske +49 211 981 2877 klaus-dieter.ruske@de.pwc.com Dr. Peter Kauschke +49 211 981 2167 peter.kauschke@de.pwc.com Julia Reuter +49 211 981 2095 julia.reuter@de.pwc.com Dr. Elizabeth Montgomery +49 89 5790 5159 elizabeth.montgomery@de.pwc.com We would like to thank the panellists who took part in the Delphi survey that underpins this report. For confidentiality reasons their names will not be mentioned. Special thanks go to Tom Gorman, CEO of CHEP EMEA and Harry Hohmeister, CEO of Swiss International Air Lines, who took the time to share their thoughts and insights with us. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation for the expertise provided by the below listed individuals: Jenny Bailey, Andreas Baur, Nicholas Bell, Thomas Brüderlin, Giorgio Elefante, Richard Gane, Martha Elena Gonzalez, Susanne Klages, Christian Knechtel, Socrates LeptosBourgi, Alexander...
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...Penn State University Press Historical Perspective of the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Discipline Author(s): R. Neil Southern Source: Transportation Journal, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Winter 2011), pp. 53-64 Published by: Penn State University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/transportationj.50.1.0053 Accessed: 08-10-2015 12:36 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Penn State University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transportation Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 111.68.99.23 on Thu, 08 Oct 2015 12:36:12 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Historical Perspective of the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Discipline R. Neil Southern Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of the study of business logistics and supply chain management from the perspective of one who has participated firsthand in the discipline in industry and academic positions over the past...
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...SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT DESIGNATION PROGRAM MODULE THREE Logistics and Transportation ©Supply Chain Management Association Supply Chain Management Professional Designation Program Copyright © 2013 by the Supply Chain Management Association No part of this material in this manual may be reproduced without the prior written consent of the Supply Chain Management Association. 777 Bay Street, Suite 2701, P.O. Box 112, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C8 Tel: (416) 977-7111 Fax: (416) 977-8886 Web Site: www.scmanational.ca. Use of this material is restricted to SCMA and its Provincial/Territorial Institutes for the express purpose of delivering the Supply Chain Management Designation Program. No other use is authorized, expressed, or implied. This material must be used in its entirety. © Supply Chain Management Association Supply Chain Management Professional Designation Program Module Three Logistics and Transportation Information and Overview .................................................................................................... IO – 1 General Information ........................................................................................................ IO – 2 Module Overview ........................................................................................................... IO – 4 Module Readings ............................................................................................................ IO – 7 Session and Reading...
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...TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Before the explain transportation management system (TMS), its functions and relationship with logistics; it is better to explain what is transportation and why transportation is important for logistics. Business logistics include material management and physical distribution. Material management is movement and storage of materials into company, and physical distribution refers to storage of finished products and movement to the customers. Basically logistics’ definition show that the logistics and movement of materials/ products relations. Also, other important term is transportation, it can be defined as the physical movement of goods, or people from one place to another. All these definitions prove that transportation is the important part of logistics. For the businesses transportation and transportation management is one of the key term because transportation costs are the approximately 50 percent of firm’s total logistics’ costs. Successful business logistics operation depends on successful transportation management. With the developing technologies transportation management has become faster and efficient with the transportation management systems. A Transportation Management System is software which helps to businesses to control process of orders, loads, following and tracking shipments, auditing and payments. Also, TMS helps to manage the supply chain, particularly coordinating and optimizing the movement of products and materials...
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...deliver “value” for the consumer. This type of collaboration has stretched vertically and horizontally on a global basis to become a cornerstone of competitive strategy for successful organizations in today's global marketplace. The whole planet is a single production field with the standardized operating rules. Factually, this is the fundamental meaning of the “flat world” concept, offset by information technologies. Flat world indicates that technology has allowed individuals and smallgroup of people to connect to the world’s ‘knowledge pools’ to create an unbelievable set of opportunities for collaboration in supply chains. It provoked oppurtunities to less developed countried by technology. Collaboration oppurtunities with individuals and companies throughout the globe have increased. This factor also increase the need for efficiencies and effective supply chain. Supply chaining is connected as a motivation for firms to outsource their manpower, therefore creating a business globally. Among the 10 factors Friedman presents supply-chaining, a system of working together horizontally among retailers, suppliers, and customers to create value. Important human resources in creating a product such as manufacturers, marketers, and designers used to work at a single facility; but under supply chaining, they spread all around the world in institutes with different languages, cultures and business goal. In recent years, many manufacturing and retail firms have been relocating their sourcing...
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...LOGISITCS SECTOR AND EXPEDITORS INC. A REVIEW ON LOGISTICS INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION: LOGISTICS: The detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies and also the organization of moving, housing, and supplying troops and equipment. The term "logistics" originates from the ancient Greek "λόγος" ("logos"—"ratio, word, calculation, reason, speech, oration"). Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, there were military officers with the title ‘Logistikas’ who were responsible for financial management and distribution of supplies. The Oxford English dictionary defines logistics as: “The branch of military science having to do with procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities.”The American Council of Logistics Management defines logistics as “the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and effective flow, and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.” SIGNIFICANCE OF LOGISTICS: Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective, forward and backward (reverse) flow and storage...
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...Supply Chain Logistics Systems Memo Laniece Seamon University of Phoenix ISCOM 352 January 21, 2013 The increased rate of change within the economy was driven by a number of large level forces, due to empowered consumers, technology, globalization, shifts in economic power, and regulations. All of these elements of change raised the importance of supply chain management as a strategic move to gain a competitive advantage. Supply chain management involves integrating three key components across the board within a company’s supply chain; they are information, product or materials, and cash flow. The order processing pertains to the flow of information within the logistics system, which includes several operations. Customers may be required to fill out an order form for requested products. The order is then transmitted and checked. The customer’s items are checked to see if it is in stock and then payment is verified. Next, the items are retrieved from the inventory, packaged and delivered along with their shipping documents. Lastly, the customer must be informed about the status of their order. Inventory management is an important role within logistics system operations and planning. Inventories are stockpiles of products or goods waiting to be transported, manufactured, or sold. Logistics management is a balancing act between minimizing costs and ensuring the availability of goals. Appropriate decisions must be made between key elements such as inventory turnover...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE | PAGE | 1. Background of Fedex | 2 | 2.1. Fedex History | 2 | 2.2. Fedex Malaysia | 3 | 2.3. Fedex Supply Chain | 4 | 2. Product Offered by Fedex | 5 - 10 | 3. Services Offered by Fedex | 11 - 12 | 4. Swot Analysis of Fedex | 13 - 15 | 5. Conclusion | 16 - 17 | 6. References | 18 | 7. Appendix | 19 - 20 | 1. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY 2.1. FedEx History FedEx Corporation is the short name originally from Federal Express Corporation. FedEx is one of an American involve in global courier delivery services industry. It was founded as a company in 1973 as Federal Express Corporation. The idea of integration delivery airplanes and trucks into one delivery system founded by Frederick W. Smith. FedEx Company headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee United States. A city selected for its geographical centre to the original target market cities for small packages. In addition, the Memphis weather was excellent and rarely caused closures at Memphis International Airport. The company began its operation in April 1973 which are 14 small aircraft from Memphis International Airport were launched. Federal Express delivered 186 packages to 25 US cities. In 1998, FDX Corporation was founded in January 1998 with the acquisition of Caliber System Inc. by Federal Express which is roadway services. Extension by an acquisition of Caliber, FedEx start to offer others...
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...Supply Chain Management Certificate This “practical” interactive certificate series is designed to provide participants with a detailed look at global supply chain management with a focus on Purchasing, Inventory, and Warehousing. This certificate addresses issues in terms of today’s global supply chain and its supply chain streams and flow process, so practitioners can know how to make the most of this powerful tool. You will have the opportunity to explore a variety of global supply chain management areas in depth, extrapolate their logistics meanings, and apply the techniques needed to make it all work for your organization. Mastering the supply chain’s dynamics is no longer extraneous to survival in today's global environment—it's essential. Because logistics affects 30% or more of the value added to your product, it offers abundant areas of opportunity and exciting possibilities for lowering the bottom line. Where you may not be able to control the outside influences, ambiguities, and contradictions of the global economy at large, you can have a profound influence on controlling those internal logistics factors that substantially affect your profitability or cost containment efforts. Course Schedule Global Supply Chain Basics and Technology (Day 1) Global Logistics Basics and Functionality (Day 2) Essential Aspects of Purchasing (Day 3) Inventory ManagementPractices (Day 4) Mastering Warehouse Mechanics (Day 5) WHO SHOULD ATTEND • Logistics, supply chain, procurement...
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...Introduction The Trucking industry in China provides road freight and cargo transportation services using trucks, cars, trailers and other road vehicles (ACMR,2). Trucking is a primary mode of overland freight, and it plays an important role in the whole area of transportation. As trucking is flexible, simple and convenient in freight, it has more advantages than by rail, air transportation for short distance transportation. 2. Analysis of trucking industry in China Since 1980s, China's economy has been developing rapidly, as well as the level of technology, which improved the network. With the commodity economy becoming increasingly active, inter-regional economic interaction and exchange of goods has become more frequent, and the average transportation distance also increased. The reform changed the planned economy and the dominance of state-owned transport enterprises in the transportation market situation. Market diversification has become more plentiful, in order to meet the new demands of the national economy in the trucking industry (Cheng, 94). Transportation market diversification and rapid development both contributed to providing goods vehicle loading, freight forwarders and shipping information emerged freight services. These services include traditional truckload, LTL and container, large bulky cargo, dangerous goods transport, and express transportation, social storage transportation services are also occasional established. The rapid development of the transport...
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...What is supply chain management? [ A German paper factory receives its daily supply of 75 tons of recyclable paperas its raw material In the 1980s, the term Supply Chain Management (SCM) was developed[5] to express the need to integrate the key business processes, from end user through original suppliers. Original suppliers being those that provide products, services and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders. The basic idea behind the SCM is that companies and corporations involve themselves in a supply chain by exchanging information regarding market fluctuations and production capabilities. If all relevant information is accessible to any relevant company, every company in the supply chain has the ability to help optimize the entire supply chain rather than sub optimize based on a local interest. This will lead to better planned overall production and distribution which can cut costs and give a more attractive final product leading to better sales and better overall results for the companies involved. Incorporating SCM successfully leads to a new kind of competition on the global market where competition is no longer of the company versus company form but rather takes on a supply chain versus supply chain form. Many electronics manufacturers ofGuangdong rely on supply of parts from numerous component shops in Guangzhou The primary objective of supply chain management is to fulfill customer demands through the most efficient use of resources...
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...1. Why can the current movement toward supply chains be characterized as a revolution? Traditionally firms felt the need to cooperate with their supply chain partners. However the association was limited to an acknowledged dependency and institutional specialization. There was a lack of commitment primarily due to lack of high quality information. However during the last decade, rapid advancements have taken place in the area of information technology. This has enhanced the speed of obtaining and sharing of information between the supply chain partners and consequently increased the level of collaboration within the traditional distribution channel. This process was accelerated with the Internet and worldwide web explosion. With this arrangement, managers were able to reduce non-value-added services, duplication, and redundancy between the consecutive stages of order fulfillment process. Moreover the managers began to believe that such sharing could beneficial for the partners. These efforts to extend and leverage the operating range of the individual firms have propelled the manifestation of collaborative supply chains. This transformation has been so rapid and abrupt that it could be labeled as a revolution. 2. Compare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditional distribution channels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences. Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this...
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...| Logistics | summary | | Ramon Mannie | 3/13/2014 | Contents 1. Lesson 1, Introduction (chapter 1) 4 1.1. Chapter objectives: 4 1.2. Logistics 4 1.3. Operations management 5 1.4. Supply chain management 5 2. Lesson 2, Operations and supply chain strategies (chapter 2) 8 2.1. Chapter objectives 8 2.2. Relationship and difference (point 1) 8 2.3. Core competencies (point 2) 9 2.4. Strategic alignment (point 3) 9 2.5. Supply chain operations and decision categories (point 4) 10 2.6. Customer value and value index calculations (point 5) 11 2.7. Trade-offs among performance dimensions (point 6) 11 2.8. Order winners versus and order qualifiers (point 7) 12 7. Lesson 3, Supply management (chapter 7) 13 7.1. Chapter objectives 13 7.2. Identify and describe the various steps of the strategic sourcing process. 13 7.3. Spend analysis (point 2) 14 7.4. Differences between insourcing and outsourcing (point 4) 15 7.5. Portfolio analysis (point 3) 16 7.6. Multi criteria decision (point 6) 17 7.7. Negotiations and the purpose of contracts (point 7) 18 7.8. Procure-to-pay cycle (point 8) 18 8. Lesson 4 Logistics (chapter 8) 19 8.1. Chapter objectives 19 8.2. Logistics management (point 1) 19 8.3. Transportation modes (point 2) 19 8.4. Warehousing (point 3) 21 8.5. Logistics strategy (point 4) 22 8.6. Measuring logistics performance (point 5) 23 8.7. Landed costs (point 6) 23 8.8. Reverse logistics systems (point 7) 24 8.9. Weighted center of gravity method...
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...Logistics Written Assignment 3 * How does the warehouse location decision affect the rest of the logistic decisions? With costs exploding in the market, the location of a warehouse is crucial for an organization’s profitability. In a well-designed supply-chain location is of supreme importance. Selection not only impacts the supply chain it also has a significant impact on future cash flows. As with any individual logistics activity, management must always ensure that the logistics system as a whole benefits from the chosen warehousing strategy. In other words, the costs of the building and maintaining the warehouse have to be less than the benefit the firm is receiving. When the location is chosen, management has to decide whether they want to support multiple markets from one centralized warehouse or place a facility in each market. Once the question of centralization is addressed, the decision of how many warehouses comes into play. Then management must look into warehouse alternatives such as private warehousing, contract warehousing, or public warehousing. This decision is based on the type of warehouse functions are needed by the firm (i.e. receiving, put-away, storage, replenishment, order selection, etc.). Also on whether the warehouse is going to serve the firm as a place for gathering / consolidation or break-down function. If they choose a private warehouse, a one level warehouse facility is most recommended but that also depends on location and what...
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