...managers resolve uncertainties in making investment decisions. It helps them make choices, take risks, and gain information that is needed. The decision tree can be simple or complex. It shows a combination of choice with different possible events. The usage of decision trees has helped various companies to determine the best alternative, which yields the greatest monetary gain. An example of a decision tree applied in real life is by the Oglethorpe Power Corporation (OPC). It was used in deciding whether to invest in a major transmission system. Firstly, three groups were established. The first group consists of a senior management team which helps review ideas, recommendations and make a decision based on the approach. Then, we have the analytical team which is responsible for conducting the analysis and analyse the ideas and recommendations given. The last group consists of the OPC experts who helps solve specific topics which have been brought up during the analysing process. The first step in decision analysis was identifying the problems that may arise accurately which were conducted by the analytic team. Major decisions, uncertainties, flaws and any values of concern were listed as a problem at OPC. These problems were transferred onto a bigger picture to help create an influence diagram and a clear decision tree which is shown in Diagram 3 below. The decision they had to make was whether to build the transmission line, upgrade the facilities or control the new facilities...
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...Quercus Agrifulia Nee commonly known as Coast Live Oak. The Coast Live Oak tree is an evergreen tree that grows up to ten to twenty five meters tall. The tree is broad and its branches grows twisted, they also spread out widely. Its’ bark becomes grey as is matures, while its leaves are oval shaped. According to … “the leaves are cupped to hold water. The top of the leaves are dark green while the bottom of the leaf is a light green. The Coast Live Oak also produces acorns that are thin and about two to four centimeters long”. This evergreen tree grows at an elevation range of seven hundred and four meters to one thousand and four hundred meters. These trees nowadays are good for stabilizing the land and providing shade, to the animal the Coast Live Oak is a home and a place with a steady flow of food. Native Americans also used the acorns provided by this tree as a food staple, while the Early Europeans used the acorns for charcoal. The next plant site we stopped at was, Eucalyptus Globulus commonly known as the Eucalyptus tree is native to Australia however it is widely common in California and Arizona. This tree grows up to ten to fifteen feet per year however the height depends on the type of species, normally they can grow as high as two hundred and thirty feet tall. Its leaves can grow anywhere from four to twelve inches long and are dark green with a blue-grey bark. According to … “The tree make excellent windbreaks on coastal sites. They are easily grown from seeds...
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...Basic Tree Thinking Assessment David A. Baum, Stacey DeWitt Smith, Samuel S. Donovan This quiz includes a number of multiple-choice questions you can use to test yourself on your ability to accurately interpret evolutionary trees. Insofar as real biological examples have been used they are accurate based on current knowledge. 1) By reference to the tree above, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships? a) A green alga is more closely related to a red alga than to a moss b) A green alga is more closely related to a moss than to a red alga c) A green alga is equally related to a red alga and a moss d) A green alga is related to a red alga, but is not related to a moss 2) By reference to the tree above, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships? a) A crocodile is more closely related to a lizard than to a bird b) A crocodile is more closely related to a bird than to a lizard c) A crocodile is equally related to a lizard and a bird d) A crocodile is related to a lizard, but is not related to a bird 3) By reference to the tree above, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships? a) A seal is more closely related to a horse than to a whale b) A seal is more closely related to a whale than to a horse c) A seal is equally related to a horse and a whale d) A seal is related to a whale, but is not related to a horse 4) Which of the five marks in the tree above corresponds to the most recent common ancestor of...
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...MAT 540 Week 2: Decision Analysis |Slide # |Topic |Narration | |1 |Introduction |Welcome to Quantitative Methods. In this lesson, we will discuss the concept of decision | | | |analysis, a valuable technique for decision making process. | | | | | | | |Please go to next slide. | |2 |Objectives |When you complete this lesson, you will be able to: | | | |Analyze decision-making problems electronically. | | | | | | | |To meet this outcome we will cover the following supporting topics: | | | |Components of decision making; | | | |Decision making without probabilities; ...
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...In this experiment, two different tree species, namely speckled alder (Alnus incana subsp. rugosa) and white birch (Betula papyrifera), were studied and observed under multiple parameters in two sites – the lowland and upland, respectively. Students were divided randomly into four groups: decomposition, leaf, arthropod, and environment, and tasked with measuring specific phenomena. The decomposition group investigated the decomposition of leaves in litter bags over time, the leaf group observed changes in leaf herbivory by insects and leaf senescence, the arthropod group investigated the diversity of arthropod communities at both sites, and the environmental group examined abiotic conditions such as soil pH and composition, temperature and...
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...The Japanese Red Maple is a beautiful and breathtaking tree. They are commonly a very short tree but can reach heights of up to 20 feet in the correct environment. The Japanese Red Maple is not a native to America, where it is so commonly known today, but was brought to the U.S before World War II. (Bellarmine.edu) In Japan, the tree can grow very wide and be much fuller than it is here in America. The Japanese Red Maple, used most commonly as a yard decoration, is also (as all plants are) a great source of oxygen. Even though they can be small as bonsai trees, Japanese Red Maples are beautiful trees that help enrich the surrounding environment with oxygen and rich beautiful color. A Japanese Red Maple can grow in many different environments. With the ability of living in USDA zones 5 through 8, this Japan native has become a popular plant in America. The bending and winding branches, even on the shorter trees, give this tree a different look that many consider attractive. This tree grows very slow, on average 2 to 3 feet per year. It does not require many nutrients so it does not need much upkeep. Just enough water to keep it feed. The Japanese Red Maple needs both sunlight and shade in order to properly grow, if kept in too much sun, the tree can be damaged and burned. ( (Roy, 2006)) The Japanese Red Maple “has a strong fibrous root system, multiple stems, and slender shoots that end in small paired buds.”( (Roy, 2006)) In North Carolina, where I live, the Japanese Maples...
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...On the first day of Christmas my true love gave to me: A Partridge in a Pear Tree On the second day of Christmas my true love gave to me: Two Turtle Doves, and a Partridge in a Pear Tree On the fourth day of Christ- On the third day of Christmas my true love gave to me: Five Golden Rings, Four Calling Birds, Three French Hens, Two Turtle Doves, and a Partridge in a Pear Tree! On the ninth day of Christmas my true love gave to me: Nine Ladies Dancing, Eight Ladies Dancing, Seven Ladies Dancing, Six Ladies Dancing, Five- You better not shout! You better not cry! You better not, In a pair tree! On the ninth—(NO!) On the eighth—(COME ON!) On the seventh day of Christmas (deck the halls) my true love gave to me (with boughs of holly) 7 swans a swimming (here we come a wassailing) 6 geese a laying (among the leaves so) 5 golden rings (Faaa-laaa-la-la-la) 4 calling birds 3 french hens 2 turtle doves (here we come a wassailing) The boar's head in hand bear I (among the leaves so green) Bedeck'd with bays and partridge in a pear tree! On the eleventh day of Christmas My true love gave to me 11 pipers piping (ding) 10 lords a leaping (dong) 9 ladies dancing (ding) 8 maids a milking (dong) 7 swans a swimming (ding) 6 geese a laying (dong) 5 golden rings, 4 calling birds, 3 french hens, 2 turtle doves , and--rudolph the red nosed reindeer! On the twelfth day of Christmas my true love gave to me I have a little dradle, I made it...
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...is consistent with the matrix. How many simple paths are there from vertex 1 to vertex 5? Explain. Which is the shortest of those paths? The graph would look something like this: The graph is an undirected graph, consisting of five nodes and six edges. The graph is undirected due to the symmetry of the adjacency matrix about its main diagonal. The path between node i to node j has the same length in either direction, so the edges are shown as undirected edges. The length of each path between node i and node j corresponds with the value in the ith row and jth column of the adjacency matrix. The graph is not considered “connected” because the graph contains cycles. A simple path is a path between two vertices that does not repeat or revisit any vertex. There are four simple paths between vertex 1 and vertex 5. Those paths are: 1 → 2 → 5 1 → 2 → 3 → 5 1 → 4 → 3 → 5 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 5 The lengths of the paths are: 1 → 2 → 5 Length = 6 + 3 = 9 1 → 2 → 3 → 5 Length = 6 + 1 + 8 = 15 1 → 4 → 3 → 5 Length = 5 + 4 + 8 = 17 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 5 Length = 5 + 4 + 1 + 3 = 13 The shortest path is 1 → 2 → 5. Part II: Trees Construct and describe a tree that indicates the following: A college president has 2 employees who answer directly to him or her, namely a vice president and provost. The vice president and provost each have an administrative assistant. Three deans answer to the provost...
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...Problems and Solutions Chapter 10 3. Find the opering cash flow for the year for Spacely Sprockets if they had sales revenue of $300,000,000, cost of goods sold of $140,000,000, sales and administrative costs of $40,000,000, depreciation expense of $65,000,000 and a tax rate of 40%. Solution: Using income statement format we have, Sales $300,000,000 COGS $140,000,000 SG&A $ 40,000,000 Depreciation $ 65,000,000 EBIT $55,000,000 Taxes (@ 40%) $22,000,000 Net Income $33,000,000 Operating Cash Flow = EBIT + Depreciation – Taxes Operating Cash Flow = $55,000,000 + $65,000,000 - $22,000,000 = $98,000,000 4. Find the operating cash flow for the year for Cogswell Cogs if they had sales revenue of $80,000,000, cost of goods sold of $35,000,000, sales and administrative costs of $6,400,000, depreciation expense of $7,600,000 and a tax rate of 30%. Solution: Using income statement format we have, Sales $80,000,000 COGS $35,000,000 SG&A $ 6,400,000 Depreciation $ 7,600,000 EBIT $31,000,000 Taxes (@ 30%) $ 9,300,000 Net Income $33,000,000 Operating Cash Flow = EBIT + Depreciation – Taxes Operating Cash Flow = $31,000,000 + $7,600,000 - $9,300,000 = $14,100,000 11. Erosion Costs – Fat Tire Bicycle Company currently sells 40,000 bicycles per year. The current bike is a standard balloon tire bike, selling for $90.00 with a production and shipping cost of $35.00. The company is thinking of introducing an off-road...
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...apples were spread when Romans conquered England and when Spaniards brought them to Mexico and South America. It wasn’t until the mid 1600’s that the Pilgrims cultivated them in Massachusetts. It is believed that John Endecott, an early governor, was the first to bring an apple tree to North America, and the first orchard was planted on Beacon Hill by a clergyman named William Blaxton. It is Blaxton who is credited for growing the first named apple, the Yellow Sweeting. Once apples were established in New England, they played an active role in everyday life. As a fruit which was easily stored through the winter, as well as being very beneficial to settlers’ health, apples were a main staple in early settlers’ diets. Despite the fact that apples were not initially from North America, and have been growing disease-free for centuries in their native habitats, the early settlers found that the long, hot summers and cold winters of New England grew apples unlike anywhere else in the world. New England apples are known not only for their unique blend of tart and sweet flavors, but also for their size and freshness. Apples can be grown farther North than any other tree fruit. The reason for this is that the tree blooms in late spring when it is unlikely that the blossoms will be harmed by frost. While France harvests more apples than America,...
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...remaining 4 questions. Question 1 (has 5 parts) 1 Consider the data shown in the scatter plot below. Which of the following statements is true about the correlation between X and Y. a) X and Y are mildly, positively correlated b) X and Y are perfectly, positively correlated c) X and Y are mildly, negatively correlated d) X and Y are perfectly, negatively correlated e) X and Y are not correlated OR From the information given, we cannot tell whether X and Y are correlated 2 Five students from the 2000 MBA class took jobs in rocket science after graduation. Four of these students reported their starting salaries: $95,000, $106,000, $106,000, $118,000. The fifth student did not report a starting salary. Can we determine the median salary for all five students in this case (Yes/No)? Justify your answer. If you answer yes, indicate the median value. 3 Seven students from 1998 MBA class took jobs in dot-com companies after graduation. Five of the seven students reported starting salaries of $55,000, $90,250, $90,250, $95,500 and $105,000. Based on this information, is it possible to determine the largest possible value for the median salary for all seven students (Yes/No – justify your choice)? If you answer yes, indicate the largest possible median value. 4 One proposal that received little attention from Major League Baseball is to pay pitchers according to the following rule: each pitcher receives a base salary of $4.25 million...
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...TREE GOD MOTTO: My motto is to help people, plants, animals and birds to live a happy and healthy life without polluting the environment but save more for the future and make it brighter. NOTE: Without tree there is no life. A mother gives us life by giving us birth and a tree is even greater than a mother as it gives us birth every day, every second to numerous living beings in this earth. IDEA: The idea about my plan is regarding a social service that is helpful to the environment in reducing pollution in the atmosphere by planting saplings and making sure that they grow into big and health trees. It is important for me to mention that this is totally a non-profitable organization and the main motto is to give life to birds and animals as trees are considered to be a shelter to living beings. This organization is named as, ‘Tree God’. This name is inspired because a tree gives us life every second and everyday just as God does. Without trees, there is no life on Mother Earth. Plant trees to save the life of all living beings and mother earth. Save your lungs. Do not pollute the environment. If you do, this is what you will go through... Without a tree it is not possible for a human being to even survive for even a second as trees breathe in carbon dioxide that we release and breathe out oxygen that we inhale. This oxygen is very essential to human beings or any animal. The beauty about a tree is that, it absorbs poison that we release...
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...HKU774 CATHY ENZ ALI FARHOOMAND BANYAN TREE: SUSTAINABILITY OF A BRAND DURING RAPID GLOBAL EXPANSION Within the next five years, if we play our expansion card right and we manage our growth properly, we have a reasonable, credible opportunity to become one of the top two or three dominant players in a global space which is very niche but nevertheless very global. - K.P. Ho, CEO of Banyan Tree Holdings Limited1 On 14 August 2006, exactly two months after its initial public offering (“IPO”), Banyan Tree Holdings Limited announced second-quarter results for the period ending on 30 June. Revenue had more than doubled to S$71.42 million, largely due to recovery following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The company felt that this was only the beginning, however, and had earmarked part of the IPO proceeds to finance an ambitious expansion plan. At the core of its business development plan was a proposal to open 21 new resorts3 over four years that would span non-Asian territories from Greece to Mexico. Banyan Tree CEO Ho Kwon Ping’s vision was to “string a necklace [of Banyan Tree properties] around the world”. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, the SARS crisis of 2003 and the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 had taken their toll on the travel and tourism industry [see Exhibit 1]. Although recovery was on the horizon, Ho understood the need to diversify risks across geographical regions and the IPO provided the finances to venture out of familiar territory. Two...
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...What is the Hold Up? Imagine for a minute, being a five year old, or a parent of a five year old with Dravet syndrome which causes the infant to have epileptic seizures leading to death. Knowing there is no cure or a great treatment, what can one do for a child with Dravet syndrome? In a documentary with Dr. Sanjay Gupta, titled "Weed" there is a five year old girl who has struggled with Dravet syndrome since she was three months old. The parents finally found a remedy which minimized the child's epilepsies allowing her to grow and learn for the first time in five years. (Gupta, 2013) This is just one of many ways marijuana has helped people with their diagnosis and has continued to work. In 1930 medicinal marijuana was put on the Schedule 1 list for narcotics by Harry J. Anslinger, the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN). Decades later, after marijuana became illegal, states around America are starting to take a new position on the drug and have legalized marijuana. Knowing this, people around the nation are still hesitant of pro-legalization and the Federal Government is taking little interest in the matter. The legalization of marijuana would increase crop cultivation in America, provide jobs for those in need during this economic downfall, and decrease the amount of criminal activity involved with the use and distribution of marijuana. Before marijuana was made illegal by the FBN and before the roaring twenties, marijuana cultivation produced valuable products...
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...nap for me, and four hour nap for Elijah, we freshen up and head out for our first Sonoma experience for dinnertime. Completely starving and still a little tired, we drive roughly thirty minutes to Rustic restaurant inside the Francis Coppola Winery. We order huge plates of pasta’s and salads, along with their “first flight tastings” for $25, which...
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