...The Middle Passage was the triangular slave trade route between 1450 and 1860. It was called the triangular trade because he trade was between three countries. First, commercial goods were shipped to Africa for and traded for African slaves. The slaves were then brought to the Americas in exchange for raw materials. Finally the materials were brought back to Europe to complete the triangle. “For weeks, months, sometimes as long as a year, they waited in the dungeons of the slave factories scattered along Africa's western coast. They had already made the long, difficult journey from Africa's interior but just barely. Out of the roughly 20 million who were taken from their homes and sold into slavery, half didn't complete the journey to the African coast, most of those dying along the way” (T.M.P. 1) The Middle Passage was used by many ships carrying slaves to the Americas. African slaves were brought to the New World unwillingly. They were either purchased or kidnapped. The Middle Passage took about ninety days. However, at times it would take roughly a few months to transport Africans. None of them knew of the horrible journey they were about to encounter. “The system by which these human beings were been transported across the ocean was reported to be the worst of its kind in the history of mankind” (Adeuyan 40). The conditions aboard the ships crossing the Atlantic were horrible. Hundreds of slaves were packed below the deck of the ships. Slaves had to go to the bathroom...
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...The Middle Passage was the triangular slave trade route between 1450 and 1860. It was called the triangular trade because he trade was between three countries. First, commercial goods were shipped to Africa for and traded for African slaves. The slaves were then brought to the Americas in exchange for raw materials. Finally the materials were brought back to Europe to complete the triangle. “For weeks, months, sometimes as long as a year, they waited in the dungeons of the slave factories scattered along Africa's western coast. They had already made the long, difficult journey from Africa's interior but just barely. Out of the roughly 20 million who were taken from their homes and sold into slavery, half didn't complete the journey to the African coast, most of those dying along the way” (T.M.P. 1) The Middle Passage was used by many ships carrying slaves to the Americas. African slaves were brought to the New World unwillingly. They were either purchased or kidnapped. The Middle Passage took about ninety days. However, at times it would take roughly a few months to transport Africans. None of them knew of the horrible journey they were about to encounter. “The system by which these human beings were been transported across the ocean was reported to be the worst of its kind in the history of mankind” (Adeuyan 40). The conditions aboard the ships crossing the Atlantic were horrible. Hundreds of slaves were packed below the deck of the ships. Slaves had to go to the bathroom...
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...sold. Thus, an increasing number of African slaves were used. c) Increase in the price of Land: Great sugar plantations developed by buying the small plots of land that were used to cultivate tobacco. As sugar became more profitable, the demand for land increased, which caused the price of land to increase. d) Change in governance – As the English French and Dutch colonies became more important, there was a need for systems of government and control. At 1st, the government in Europe did not want to spend money on their colonies, leaving all responsibilities on the proprietors (owners of the plantation). However, when they realized how profitable their colonies were becoming, they stepped in to claim ownership. e) Trade: When Europeans realized the value...
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...Dear Journal, I would like to share my experience as a slave on a slave ship during the Middle Passage. Things were very harsh and just the thought of it makes me shiver. On the ship, we were kept chained to platforms in the hold below the deck. It was a nasty, stinky place, not even fit for a pet. The food and water were barely enough to keep us alive. Also the burning heat and toxic fumes caused some slaves to die due to the horrible conditions. Most salves have never seen such light skin which made them think that they will be cooked and eaten. So out of fear, slaves jumped overboard to be free but white men always seem to catch them in rowboats. Some slaves would force themselves to starve to death to end their misery, but their plans always failed and led to being punished by whipping and burning their lips with hot coals. I wanted to rebel but there was no way out and I had to accept my destiny. How could any man treat a human being with such inhumanity, humiliation, brutality and cruelty? During that period I was filled with dread, fear, shock and despair because it is far beyond words to explain the damage that has been done to us. I was disgusted with my life. Every night you can hear the slaves moaning and crying out of pain and suffer. Who gave white men the right to judge us by our dark skin? Never in my life, I had seen or heard of such cruel treatment of captives. Till this day these things haunt me day and night but I’m learning to live with it. My prayers...
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...The Triangular Trade was the fundamental foundation of the development of the United States. However, this historical milestone did not develop overnight, it actually took centuries to excel past the African slave trade. Additionally, America, Europe, and Africa would not be the same without the three hundreds years of trading internationally. Thus, the Triangular Trade was the building blocks of our nation, economically affected the world, and ultimately impacted racial issues we are having in today’s society. The Triangular Trade process was distinctive yet straightforward, specifically the exchange of goods and slaves. The Triangular Trade was a three-sided international exchange of goods involving Europe to Africa, Africa to the Americas, and the Americas to Europe. The first leg was European ships sailing to Africa carrying iron commodity, textiles, rum, guns, ammunition, and manufactured goods in exchange for spices, gold, and most importantly slaves. The second leg involved ships sailing to the Americas voyaging through the route primarily known as the Middle Passage carrying the slave’s required to work on plantations in exchange for goods. A slave explains the ghastly conditions of the middle passage first-hand as, “This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a...
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...Maria Van Rensselaer, we can conclude that her husband has died, therefore leaving her to become patroon of the land (colony). The letter is addressed to her husband’s brother Rygart Van Rensselaer. Maria was a patroon of Rensselaer, hence her last name. Rensselaer is located along the Hudson River in Albany, New York. In the text, it demonstrates that she lived on a farm, and the crops produced are what they traded with and how they survived. This is seen through her letter when she goes in detail of the tasks she needs to continue after her husband has past. Making her living through farm rentals and estate, Maria undoubtedly is in charge of the tenant farmers who work the field working the gristmill and sawmill to produce wheat and this...
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...Cooperation (SSC) and Triangular Cooperation (TC) are emerging forms of aid architecture far from the traditional “North-South” model. SSC, based on the attainment of internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, is meant to strengthen developing countries’ voice and their bargaining power in multilateral negotiations. It also gives them the opportunity to promote self-sufficiency among them and strengthen their economic ties. South-South cooperation has existed for at least sixty years. It has become much more prominent in the past decade. Many Southern countries have emerged as important actors in the global economy. Their exact contribution to development is hard to quantify. Yet, they have provided ample support, in terms of financial assistance, capacity building, skill and personnel exchange, and technology transfer. However, despite the fact that SSC can be more sustainable than traditional North-South cooperation allowing better adaptation to the country situation, in practice there is still no shared understanding on the very nature and goals of SSC. This is true on the basis of the various and sometimes divergent “interpretations” on SSC given by both emerging economies and developed countries. Some argue that South-South Cooperation should not be seen as a substitute for, rather a complement to North-South cooperation, while others argue that the two models can’t be placed on an equal footing. Triangular Cooperation (TC) involves...
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...From the introduction of slavery to the Americas in 1619, to the massive economic growth came success and disaster for both American and Africans. In this passage it is planned to describe the development of slavery in the American colonies. As well as the economic impact of slavery on the American colonies, and how from slavery a 'triangular trade' would be created. Using supportive facts and a written testimonial from Harriet Jacobs published in the year 1861. Ultimately leading and ending to the discussion of the many attitudes and changes that were created in the colonial legal system that made a slavery system flourish. Around the mid fifteenth century an Atlantic slave trade system was introduced when the interests of the Portuguese moved away from common resources most especially when gold became more difficult to gather. The Portuguese than looked to something that would be more profitable. A process would develop in the gathering of slaves whether through barter, between a European slave trader, kidnapping or rival tribe leaders that had raved other African tribes. The focus would become the usage of slaves and the selling of the African race for a very hefty profit. The development of slavery in the colonies led to mass production in the labor field. This event in history is where the idea of African slavery...
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...The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. During the Atlantic Slave Trade between twelve to twenty million slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa. An estimated two million Africans did not make it across the Atlantic to the Americas. The Atlantic Slave Trade was part of the Triangular Trade; trade that went from Europe to Africa on to the Americas then back to Europe, creating a triangular shape across the Atlantic Ocean. Millions of slaves were forced to come to the Americas from their home in Africa. This had many effects on not only Africa and the Americas, but the rest of the world also. So, what were the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade? The biggest effect the Atlantic Slave Trade had was the help in the development of the Americas. Population loss and social disruption from trade caused the underdevelopment of Africa. The culture in the Americas also changed as the slaves brought their culture with them. Although there were many negative effects from the Atlantic Slave Trade there were also some positive ones. The slaves had a large impact on the development in the Americas as they caused the growth in agriculture and the economy. If the slaves were not brought over to the Americas, the development would not have been as fast or large. Because they were forced to work long hours and do jobs nobody else wanted to do. Because they were cheap labor, landowners could buy many so there would be more slaves...
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...The slave trade was very important to the British economy. Without the slave trade, the triangular trade would not have taken place. This is because there would have been no reason to trade slaves from Africa for goods in the West Indies and the USA. Because there were so many slaves being traded, there was plenty of sugar being exported from the sugar plantations to Britain (3,750 tons in 1951 to 9,525 tons in 1669) due to the increase in labour. This trade of sugar had a big impact on the British economy. Because of the large quantities of sugar being produced by African slaves, sugar was able to become a staple food in Britain. “The poorest English farm labourer’s wife took sugar in her tea” which suggests that even the poorest of people in Britain could afford sugar and were paying sugar tax that could flow back into the economy. A poor British family on average would dedicate 6% of their income towards the purchase of sugar. Without imports like sugar, the economy in Britain wouldn’t have been boosted in this way as before the slave trade, only the rich were able to afford sugar. Also without the slave trade another big product, tobacco, would not have made it to Britain in such large quantities. This is because without the slaves to increase labour, tobacco could not have been produced on such a large scale. Tobacco, like sugar, was another tropical staple export that thrived in Britain. Again, tobacco was available to the British public in places like ale houses, coffee...
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...The Atlantic Trade Networks, also known as the Triangular Trade, consisted of multiple international networks where goods and materials became interchangeable between countries and regions around the world. The Triangular trade amended previous complication involving trade imbalances and created a unified, connected world through the means of trade. The Atlantic Trade created a new global network that drove a new form of a global economic system and impacted multiple countries through the commerce of silver and fur. Silver impacted the countries of China, Japan, and Bolivia while the fur trade changed the economic and social structures of North America and Russia. The economic structure, political system and agricultural system...
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...The Age of Exploration was a time period during the 15th and 16th centuries when Europeans searched for new trade routes to China and India. Instead, they discovered North and South America by the Europeans. This had both positive and negative impacts on Europe. The Age of Exploration brought together Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. There were to main types of exchange; Biological and Cultural. In the Biological exchange they traded plants, animals, and diseases. In the Cultural exchange they traded goods, technology, and ideas. The exchanges began to affect every continent. During the middle ages a few European missionaries traveled to China to introduce ideas about Christianity. During the Europrean's Age of Exploration they traveled to...
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...especially Christopher Coulombs, made some of the most pivotal developments in human history. In chapters 1-4 I learned the importance of all the aspects that came to America. When Europeans came to, it opened wide trade opportunities. When Europeans and Natives Americans traded with one another, they opened each other eye to new things such as corn and furs, horses, pigs, new technology and weapons. Unfortunately one of the things brought was diseases. Africans transported to American were part of the triangular trade. Slave trade became very popular throughout the world. But some became indentured servants. The difference between indentured servants and slaves was, slaves are working permanently but indentured servants have their fair paid in full and by the master in which they worked for. They were provided room and board and did labor until their debt was paid off, typically five years. Trading goods has had a huge impact in our society and over the years, things have widely changed. Trading goods expanded from trading things onto selling things. This has become the biggest form of profit. I work at Food Lion and we sell good. No, we do not trade goods, we sell good but it is interesting to think about how far we have come. When America was founded and people began to trade they probably had no idea how beneficial it would be to the future society. One of my grandmothers and I favorite movie to watch together is The Color Purple. This movie is about slavery. Celie is a poor...
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...Your Final Exam is scheduled for next Wednesday. You can take the exam beginning Wednesday Feb 8, 2012 at 12.00 Noon. The Exam window will close on Friday Feb 10, 2012 at 12.00 Noon. You will have two hours, at one sitting, to finish the exam. The current technology does not enable us to monitor the exam, so I will make it "open book". While you have three days to take the exam, I strongly recommend that you take it early on Wednesday or Thursday. In the past, students have encoutered numerous problems if they wait till the last minute such as technology failure, personal or family problems. You will answer a total of 5 questions (2 Problems and 3 short essay Questions). The problems will be focussing on Triangular Arbitrage, and Derivatives. The essay questions will be identical to the ones in the review sheet. More on this in the Adobe session scheduled for Thursday Feb 2, 2012. FINANCE 6644: Global Financial Strategy Krishnan Dandapani January 2012 Final Exam Review Questions Instructions A. Please be concise and precise in your answers. B. Practice answers for closed book, class room setting. C. Suggested length: minimum one page; maximum two pages per question. D. You would answer 5 questions or Problems in two hours in final exam. Questions 1. Ethical Standards a. Can a multinational firm adopt varying ethical standards [such as with regard to product safety...
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...was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. The journey of slave trading ships was from the west coast of Africa, where the slaves were obtained, across the Atlantic, where they were sold or, in some cases, traded for goods such as molasses, which was used in the making of rum. However, this voyage has come to be remembered for much more than simply the transport and sale of slaves. The Middle Passage was the longest, hardest, most dangerous, and also most horrific part of the journey of the slave ships. With extremely tightly packed loads of human cargo that stank and carried both infectious disease and death, the ships would travel east to west across the Atlantic on a miserable voyage lasting at least five weeks, and sometimes as long as three months. Although incredibly profitable for both its participants and their investing backers, the terrible Middle Passage has come to represent the ultimate in human misery and suffering. The abominable and inhuman conditions which the Africans were faced with on their voyage clearly display the great evil of the slave trade. During the Middle...
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