...Lausanne: Through the enforcement of the treaty, the state of peace was to be restored between the British Empire and its Allies (High Agreement/High Trust) and Turkey which is the Opposition (Low Agreement/High Trust). Diplomatic ties would resume between both the sides and diplomatic and counselor level representatives of both sides would be treated in accordance to the rulings of international law. The agreement drawn up for the Treaty of Lausanne was divided into five parts. The following are the parts in which the treaty has been divided: * Part I - Political Clauses * Part II – Financial Clauses * Part III – Economic Clauses * Part IV – Communications and Sanitary Questions * Part V – Miscellaneous Provisions Part I – Political Clauses Section 1 that is the Territorial Clauses described the boundaries/frontiers between Turkey and other states. Article 2 states the frontier of Turkey with Bulgaria and Greece, while the third article defines the boundaries of Turkey with Syria and Iraq. The major purpose of all these territorial clauses is to highlight the boundaries of Turkey and several adjoining states. These clauses set an outline for the process of developing the frontiers and the establishing procedures in case any conflict occurs. Article 16 is most important for the fact that it states “Turkey hereby renounces all rights and title whatsoever over or respecting the territories situated outside the frontiers laid down in the present Treaty and the...
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...Project Paper 5 Turkey Country and Research Areas Report Final Version, 2010-09-28 Responsible institution: Koç University University of Antwerp Authors: Deniz Karcı Korfalı Ayşen Üstübici Helene De Clerck With the collaboration of Ahmet İçduygu, Deniz Sert, Zeynep Özler and Chris Timmerman Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 4 An Overview......................................................................................................................... 4 Geography in General ........................................................................................................ 4 Demography ...................................................................................................................... 6 Political Environment and Administration ........................................................................... 7 Economy ............................................................................................................................ 8 Health care......................................................................................................................... 9 Education ..........................................................................................................................10 Historical...
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...Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Word Count: 3,528 Number of Tables: 5 Number of Figures: 4 Running Head: Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey Abstract The purpose of this quantitative study was to present and discuss statistical evidence for the convergence of Turkish and Kurdish fertility rates in the Republic of Turkey. Linear regression and other statistical methods were utilized in order to illustrate convergence, which was theorized as (a) resulting from the delayed exposure of Turkey’s Kurds to the dynamics of modernization and (b) providing compelling evidence against the claim that Turks and Kurds belong to fundamentally different demographic regimes. One important form of divergence between these populations—bride’s age at first marriage—was acknowledged and related to a potential change in sexual economics among Turkish Kurds. Keywords: Turkish fertility; Kurdish fertility; Turkish fertility transition Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Introduction Although the overall fertility rate for Turkey has declined precipitously as part of the country’s demographic transition, perhaps the earliest in the Muslim Middle East (Angin & Shorter, 1998), there is a well-documented disparity between the fertility rates of ethnic Turkish and ethnic Kurdish women in Turkey (Işık & Pınarcıoğlu, 2006; Yüceşahin...
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...THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF THE MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ALİ MURAT İRAT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION APRIL 2006 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Feride Acar Head of Department This is to certify that we read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ayşe Ayata Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Assist. Prof. Dr. Aykan Erdemir (METU-ADM) (METU-ADM) (METU-SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ali Murat İrat Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES ...
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...that I have taken directly from the Norwegian Cruise Line is an evidence of showing research of client requires. http://www.ncl.co.uk/booking.php?stage=sailing_details&offer_id=86153&search_url_id=1&showing_intermediate_page=1 The research I have done was based on client brief description. My role was take into consideration all the client enquires which was consist of history & culture, explore 2 destinations within their holiday, long-haul flight and they would like to have an outside cabin possible with a balcony. I have tried to match with the client enquiries and I have resulted with: * Starting point from Venice, Italy to Spain, Barcelona * 12 nights holiday * Cultural or historical places such as Turkey (Istanbul), Greece (Athens) * Long Haul flight London Heathrow- Italy, Venice * Accommodation (hotel) with a balcony http://uk.cruises.com/cruise-ship/ncl-cruises/norwegian-spirit.html?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=+cruise_+norwegian_+spirit_+ship&dtp=%2Bcruise%20%2Bnorwegian%20%2Bspirit%20%2Bship|pcrid|23526878134|mt|b|mkwid|sasxbEuoq Onboard of this ship are lots of things to do and take part in such as: * Karaoke Rooms (Deck 7) * Stardust Theatre (Deck 7) * Starlight Video Arcade & Disco * Charlie’s Child Care Centre (Deck 10) * Maharajah’s Casino (Deck 7) * The Card Room (Deck 12) * The Writing Room (Deck 12) * Photo gallery (Deck 8) The cruise ship of...
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...Republic of Turkey is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries and five main seas. Istabul is the largest city in Turkey, and Turkey’s capital is Ankara. About 48% of the population lives in the cities or towns. The rest lives in rural areas. Most of people in Turkey are Muslim, which are followers of Islami. Also, in this paper, the culture of Turkish, the life in Turkey such as health care system, transportation, and education system are also mentioned. The Turkey republican parliamentary democracy and the economy are discussed later in the paper. The last part is business etiquette talking about some important customs that business foreigner should know. Background Turkey, also known as the Republic of Turkey, is a land-bridge linking Europe and Asia. The history of Turkey encompasses, first, the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks and of the civilizations – Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine – of which Turkish nation is the heir by assimilation. Second, it includes the history of Turkish people including Seljuks, who brought Islam and Turkish language into Anatolia. Third, it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a cosmopolitan – Islamic state that developed a small Turkish amirate in Anatolia. Finally, Turkey was established in 1923, after the fall of Ottoman Empire, under “Father Turk”. It is immediately started on a course of modernization in all walks of life (Turkey, 2011.) Turkey...
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...EU and TURKEY In a recently done research study, people in Turkey and the people in the EU countries were compared in their contentment and their concerns and hopes about the future. The results demonstrated that Turkish people were much less optimistic about their lives and the future. People become content or discontent with their lives depending on many circumstances. Purchasing power and living conditions are the main factors affecting the happiness of citizens in a country. The first reason for the Turkish people to be pessimistic is the low purchasing power of the people in our country. It is, in fact, such a big problem for Turkey that some people even suffer from hunger. Although the government proclaims that the inflation rate, which has been very high for the last three decades, has been decreasing, people are not satisfied because they cannot see any difference in their lives, or changes which should be observed following a drop in the rate of inflation. Living conditions, which are very poor in Turkey, affect the contentment of the people significantly. In EU countries the people know that if something bad happens to them, like having important health problems or losing their jobs, the government will not let them down and they will at least be able to look after themselves. However, in Turkey there is no such confidence because everybody knows that they are all by themselves and there is nobody to help them. There are people dying in hospitals just because...
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...Introduction Turkey, known officially as the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country and it is located between Western Asia and Southern Europe. Turkey is surrounded by four seas; Mediterranean Sea in the south, Black Sea in the north, Aegean Sea in the west, and Marmara Sea in the north-west. The Bosporus and Dardanelles divide the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Neighbors of Turkey are Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. According to CIA data (2012), population of Turkey is almost 80 million, 17th highest population of the world. The capital of Turkey is Ankara, and the population of the capital city is 3.8 million. Therefore, the largest city of Turkey is Istanbul, located at between Europe and Asia, with 10.3 million people. According to Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, Turkey’s long-term economic prospects are bright. Economy of Turkey grew an average of 6.0% in 2002-2007, and that average is one of the highest sustained growths in the world. On the other hand, Turkey grew only 1.1% in 2008, and -4.7% in 2009 because of the global economic circumstances. However, strong baking system, stable growth, privatizations, and telecommunications sectors helped Turkish economy to raise foreign investment. Turkish economy grew 9% in 2010, and 7.5% in 2011. Turkey and European Union signed an agreement for free movements of goods in 1996, and in October 2005, European Union opened accession...
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...From Africa to East Asia, a new Islamic movement is attracting millions of followers and a lot of money. Even though Gulen movements do not call themselves an Islamic movements they Inspired by a little-known Turkish imam his name is Fethullah Gülen.The. Gulen movement is linked to more than 1,000 schools in 130 countries, newspapers, TV and radio stations, universities and even a bank. They describe themselves as civil society movement. It started out as a local service group of students, teachers, parents, and small business owners around the Turkish scholar and preacher Fethullah Gulen in the city of Izmir, Turkey. The movement gives a lot of attention to education and science. These schools have attracted Muslim and non-Muslim. The chief characteristic of Gulen’s followers is that they do not seek to disrupt modern secular states; rather, they encourage Muslims to use the opportunities offered. Gulen sees science and faith as not only harmonious but also complementary. He encourages scientific research and technological advancement for the good of all humanity .In this paper we will write about the founder his ethnic origin, his Islamic education, his teachings and the history of the movement. Also, the demographic characteristics of the movement, and the historical transformations to modern times. Also, the relationship with the other parties and movements. We will be looking into how the movement begin and what made this movement grew so popular. One of the areas we...
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...Key issues in the international relations between Turkey and the EU International relations between Turkey and the European Union are very complicated. The main ground considered while analyzing this problem is Turkey's aspiration to become member of the EU. From the very beginning, those attempts have been the subject of many controversies and Turkey had to face the strongest opposition of all the countries applying for accession. Unlike the other states, Turkey's integration is not as simple as inviting another member to the EU structures and its situation is difficult for many various reasons. First of all – there is Turkey's insufficient progress towards meeting all the required Copenhagen criteria: “- stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union, the ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union [1]”. Country is still struggling with maintaining stable democracy – military is too involved in the political life, ethnic and religious minorities are not respected enough, broadcast media is not entirely independent and some key issues between Turkey, Greece and Cyprus are still unresolved. There are also many additional factors that are taken into consideration in the public...
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...Case 7 Megahertz Communications Established in 1982, U.K.-based Megahertz Communications quickly became one of Great Britain’s leading independent broadcasting system builders. The company’s core skill is in the design, manufacture, and installation of TV and radio broadcast systems, including broadcast and news-gathering vehicles with satellite links. In 1998, Megahertz’s managing director, Ashley Coles, set up a subsidiary company, Megahertz International, to sell products to the Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe. While the EU market for media and broadcasting is both mature and well served by large established companies, the Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe are growth markets with significant long-term potential for media and broadcasting. At the time, they were not well served by other companies, and all three regions lacked an adequate supply of local broadcast engineers. Megahertz International’s export strategy was simple. The company aimed to provide a turnkey solution to emerging broadcast and media entities in Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe, offering to custom design, manufacture, install, and test broadcasting systems. to gain access to customers, Megahertz hired salespeople with significant experience in these regions and opened a foreign sales office in Italy. Megahertz also exhibited at a number of exhibitions that focused on the targeted regions, sent mailings and e-mail messages to local broadcasters, and set up a Web page...
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...Saving Energy Agriculture is at risk from climate change as temperatures, pest levels and growing seasons change. However, agriculture also contributes to these effects through emissions from fertilizers, water wastage and biological processes. A third of vegetables and fruit consumed in the EU are produced by protected horticulture. As 90% of the greenhouse growers are small and medium enterprises (SMEs), they have to compete with cheaper labor, production costs and regular supply from producers outside the EU. The EU-funded EUPHOROS project increased the efficient use of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides in protected horticulture. The four-year study, completed in August 2012, developed a sustainable greenhouse system that does not fully rely on fossil fuels for energy and minimizes the carbon footprint of agriculture. The project achieved a 50% reduction in the amount of energy used as well as a sizeable saving of chemical inputs: a third less fertilizers and a tenth less pesticides. The result was a number of structured components that can be used by farmers across the EU, three of which contain innovative tools and systems to reduce energy, water, fertilizer, pesticide consumption and waste. Another intervention optimizes the growing environment, developing innovative and robust monitoring tools. A theoretical analysis was also conducted throughout the project to quantify the reduction of resource inputs and carbon footprint delivered by each component, together...
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...Stalin. Stalin took away the Ahiskan nation’s existence by sending, “Soviet troops [who] descended on Ahiska, Georgia along the border with Turkey on Nov. 14, 1944” as Khalil Chakhalidze remembers (Doug Page). Even though the Ahiskans were transported to many different places before they came to America, many settled in Dayton, Ohio. In my research Problem/Solution Paper, I will educate my reader about the refugee-status, the challenges Ahiskans had in finding a new home, while at the same time parents and their elders desire to move back to their original homeland, which was taken from them, perhaps never to be seen again. The primary focus of my paper will be on a solution, pertaining to the reasons the nation’s existence has been taken from Ahiska (Meskhetian) Turks. This created a major relocation problem, because of much discrimination against them. Opponents, people who come out against immigrants think that they are a drag on the economy, the community, etc. “But it’s been proven time and again that they help the economy. More people working means more jobs and a stronger economy. Which means more jobs for everybody,” said City Commissioner Matt Joseph (Page). Land Originally, Ahiska Turks were Meskhetians from Southwestern Georgia, formally known as Meskhetia. It is located to the east of the area of Adjaria and next to Turkey. According to the Meskhetian Turks: An Intorduction to their History, Culture and Resettlement Experiences article, “The area covers approximately...
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...DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTHERISTICS OF TURKISH WORKFORCE Turkey has a dynamic and younger work force than the standards of Eurasia. Also it includes strong work ethic which is its one of the most important parts of Turkey’s work culture. Other important features of demographic characteristics of Turkish force is composed of high productivity that consists of the age factor of the worker population, low absenteeism that is generally coincided with young workers and its annual working hour rates, which are considered as one of the higher countries. Furthermore, as it is known that Turkey has a multinational population in its geographic position. Therefore, it has some advantages that put its employees in front of neighborhood countries. Kurdish people and other ethnicities referred to linguistic workforce of Turkey generally because they need to speak Turkish and Kurdish. So, it makes them somehow qualified employees in case of communication with Middle East customers. However, those are usually not graduated from colleges and young that has more loyalty against employees who are graduated and senior at their job because job satisfaction is high for them. Also, in east parts of the country, wages are lower than the west side because west side is more educated and developed. In addition, west part is more disciplined about institutional mechanism than east part and this situation makes the employees not flexible as much as eastern workers are. Finally, participation of...
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...Turkey has long sought to join the European Union, and it appears that there is some hope for optimism. what would be the advantages to the EU for admitting Turkey to membership? What might be the EU's concerns? What would be the advantages and disadvantages for Turkey of becoming a member nation of the EU, both for Turkey and for the European Union? Negotiations for the accession of Turkey into the European Union began in 2005, but it could be years before Turkey is accepted. Issues that jeopardize the progress of negotiations include their poor relationship with the nations of Cyprus and Croatia, as well their domestic relationship with the Kurdish people and their unfavorable history of human rights issues. Despite these issues, one of the greatest advantages and hopes of the EU is that by bringing Turkey, a country whose vast majority is Muslim, into the EU it would help to improve Western and Islamic relationships. Turkey’s geographic positioning is also viewed as being a strategic location in that it could be a gateway to the Middle East and Asia for the EU, and could help the EU in many of their challenges of fighting terrorism, international crime, as well as monitoring climate change. (Pan, 2005) A concern and potential disadvantage to the EU, however, is that it would cause a wave of immigration of poor members from Turkey to the rest of the union nations. While being accepted into the EU would give Turkey the opportunity to benefit from growth and the...
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