...Australia 1 Introduction Freeways represent the best example of an unconstrained traffic flow system with high speed operations, limited access and egress opportunities and few factors to inhibit traffic flow. This road type can typically achieve the highest throughput of traffic per hour per lane across most metropolitan networks. As most regular limitations to free flow traffic conditions are removed from freeways, the achievable throughput is subject to regulatory constraints such as speeds and societal limitations such as headways between vehicles. Historical traffic volumes indicate that hourly throughputs per lane are generally increasing over time. This reflects a reduction in headways between vehicles as motorists’ acceptable and safe gaps between vehicles become smaller. As a direct consequence, the capacity of freeways has been observed to increase over time. The most recent edition of the US Highway Capacity Manual indicates a ceiling value significantly higher than that applied fifteen years prior. This paper has set out to identify the changing values of capacities over time as applied to freeway traffic conditions. The paper examines capacity in the context of observed volumes to date from both an Australian and International experience. This paper then examines the car following algorithm in the VISSIM microsimulation software to benchmark the similarity of the maximum freeway capacity against these observed volumes. This review of existing literature was initially...
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...Tayyab M.Tahir Qadri Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan ABSTRACT Due to the increase in the number of vehicles day by day, traffic congestions and traffic jams are very common. One method to overcome the traffic problem is to develop an intelligent traffic control system which is based on the measurement of traffic density on the road using real time video and image processing techniques. The theme is to control the traffic by determining the traffic density on each side of the road and control the traffic signal intelligently by using the density information. This paper presents the algorithm to determine the number of vehicles on the road. The density counting algorithm works by comparing the real time frame of live video by the reference image and by searching vehicles only in the region of interest (i.e., road area). The computed vehicle density can be compared with other direction of the traffic in order to control the traffic signal smartly. Keywords Traffic density count, image processing, intelligent controlling of traffic. 1. INTRODUCTION The number of vehicles on the road increases day by day therefore for the best utilization of existing road capacity, it is important to manage the traffic flow efficiently. Traffic ...
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...(engineering, education, encouragement, enforcement, and evaluation). A Silver ranking means that UCI “[d]efinitely feel[s] welcoming to bikes but there is still usually work to be done in two or three of the “E”s to undergird the bicycling culture and opportunities” (bikeleague.org). While UCI provides sustainable transportation incentives, has some infrastructure for biking, a bike-rental program, and is home to a few bike-enthusiast clubs, the campus is falls short in three of the LAB’s “E”s: Engineering, Education, and Encouragement. Engineering: There are three types of bicycle routes on the UCI campus. These include dedicated bicycle paths, pedestrian/bicycle shared paths, roads with bike lanes, and a small number of sharrows (located on the roads within housing complexes). Currently, there are only three distinct sections of the UCI campus that have dedicated bicycle lanes, which are all located on the outskirts of campus. The most commonly used bike path within the UCI campus is a mixed pedestrian/bicycle path encircling Aldrich Park. Roads with bike lanes make up the majority of UCI’s current bike infrastructure. Importantly, there are a number of highly travelled roads, such as Adobe Circle and Adobe Circle South, that contain no bike lanes. However, many of the existing bike lanes, paths, and sharrows lack clear signage, and connectivity so often go either unnoticed, or bypassed. This not only hinders biking to campus, by making it difficult or...
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...Research on the Method and Simulation of Intersection Signal Control based on Multi-agent Jian Zhang Ling Yan Yin Han Gao Song Xue-li Fang Traffic Engineering Research Institute Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093, China E-mail:08zhangjian@gmail.com Abstract—On the basis of analyzing development actualities and trends of urban traffic control system, this paper applied the modeling idea and method of multi-agent, constructed an intersection agent, a section agent and a phase agent for isolated intersection control system based on multi-agent technology, studied their structure, function and each agent’s mission, and discussed the relationship among the three types of agent. By control simulating of three actual intersections, it is indicated that the control effect based on multi-agent is much better than the effect of fix-time. The results indicate that the multi-agent technology is an effective method to improve the effect of the current traffic control system, has research value and application value. Keywords-adaptive traffic signal control system; multi-agent; intersection agent; section agent; phase agent artificial intelligence technology, traffic signal control system is developing gradually in the direction of intelligent direction and integrated direction, the research on Intelligent Urban Traffic Control System based on the distribution-coordination has become a new trend[1,4]. Luckily, the agent technology[2,5,6...
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...Design 9 Development 10 Delivery 11 Operation and Maintenance 11 Retirement 13 Civil Engineering Research 13 4.0. CIVIL ENGINEERING SYSTEM 15 5.0. STEWARDSHIP OF THE INITIATIVE 16 6.0. VALUES REGARDING THE INITIATIVE 16 Economic 16 Social 17 Sustainability 17 Political 18 7.0. ONLINE DISCUSSION FORUM REVIEW 19 8.0. CONCLUSIONS AND INFORMED POSITION 20 Conclusions 20 Informed Position 20 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 21 REFERENCES 22 ABSTRACT The Brisbane City Council is embarking on the project of completing the staged upgrade of Kingsford Smith Drive to decrease traffic congestion and advance safety on the busy road. The Kingsford Smith Drive is a major lane connecting Brisbane CBD to the Brisbane Airport, Port of Brisbane, North-shore Hamilton, and the Australia Trade Coast area. The road was called after the aeronaut Charles Kingsford Smith. It links the suburb of Pinkenba to the Brisbane central business district at the Breakfast Creek. The Roadis categorized as a primary freight route. The demand for transportation of freight on Kingsford Smith Drive is anticipated to grow promptly. Construction of the phase one of the projects that widened a portion of Kingsford Smith Drive from four to six lanes was accomplished in mid-2011. However, the community preferred for the remainder of the project to involve broadening Kingsford Smith Drive to six lanes amid Theodore Street and Breakfast Creek Road, and creating out into the Brisbane River between Riverview Walkway and Breakfast Creek Road...
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...Ramp Metering Term Paper Progress Report Name: Naeem Rezghi Student ID: 8722229076 Course: Traffic Engineering, CIV4116 -S12 Instructor: Mr. Peyman Misaghi Date: J uly 1, 2012 T able of Contents 1- Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 2- History .............................................................................................................................. 4 3- Ramp Metering Algorithms .......................................................................................... 5 3-1- S ystem Architecture .............................................................................................. 5 3-2- Release Algorithm .................................................................................................. 6 3-3- A rbitration Algorithm .............................................................................................. 7 3-4- S witch On- Off Algorithm ....................................................................................... 8 3-5- Q ueue Override Algorithm .................................................................................... 9 3-6- Q ueue Management Algorithm ........................................................................... 9 3-7- Ramp Metering Algorithm ...................................................................................10 3-8- Data Filtering Algorithm: .................
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...2008 CHARLEY V. WOOTAN AWARD: Outstanding Paper in Policy and Organization Reassessing On-Street Parking Wesley E. Marshall, Norman W. Garrick, and Gilbert Hansen The ongoing debate about the merits and drawbacks of on-street parking offers few definitive answers because comprehensive research in this area has been lacking. The goal is to develop a better understanding of the gamut of issues related to on-street parking, ranging from parking demand and the pedestrian environment to less researched topics such as the efficiency of land use. In addition, the basic question of safety is addressed in a more precise way than previously by taking into account actual vehicle speeds and crash severity levels. The investigation points to on-street parking as crucial in benefiting activity centers on numerous levels. Users of the downtowns consistently valued these landefficient on-street parking spaces over and above off-street surface lots and garages. Low-speed streets with on-street parking also had the lowest fatal and severe crash rates of any road category in the study of 250 Connecticut roadway segments. Part of the reason is that the presence of parking had a measurable effect on vehicle speeds. On-street parking is not purely a device to be used in the right environment; rather, it is a tool to help create that right environment. On-street parking should be more commonly used but especially in situations in which the road is part of the destination and the intent is to cause...
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...Psychology Term Paper Anber Nickelberry General Psychology Baseline Information I. State the Problem Drivers are using courteous driving practices. Research suggests that drivers will not allow entry from II. lanes when needed by other drivers. Research was gathered for 5 days during weekend and weekday hours. Of all the research gathered, drivers were not willing to allow access/entry from the center turning lane into the adjacent lane. II. Theory Drivers are reluctant to practice courteous driving practices by allowing drivers from center turning lanes to merge into regular lanes. III. Hypothesis Between Saturday morning around 8:55 am until Wednesday morning around 7:45 am drivers in the center turning lane will be denied entry into the regular traffic lanes by fellow drivers. Center turning lanes are defined as a lane that allows drivers entry to a busy road until they are able to access the direction needed. They are also referred to as turning lanes. Driver is defined as somebody who can drive: somebody who operates a motor vehicle, or who is capable of operating one. IV. Procedure or Methodology I selected a road that I travel on a regular basis and accessed the center turning lane on multiple occasions to see if fellow drivers would allow entry. I notated how many drivers did not allow entry on each occasion. I documented all of the results ensuring that I notated if I was allowed access by a fellow driver at any point or if I was forced to wait...
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...Faculty of Information Technology, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka Abstract - This paper proposes an intelligent traffic light and pedestrian crossing system that can be used to address traffic congestion in a four way junction. The approach is primarily focused on creating a system which dynamically responds to traffic conditions and road users. The system makes use of sensors to detect the presence of a vehicle. A number of these sensors placed accordingly are used to identify the number of vehicles in a particular lane. Based on this input, which is the vehicle line length in a lane the traffic control algorithm implemented in our system takes the necessary decisions. This algorithm determines the lane that should be given the most priority and up to what amount of time. This feature allows maximum efficiency in controlling the flow of traffic. The pedestrian crossing system uses image processing technology to identify the number of waiting pedestrians. When this number reaches a defined value they are given the chance to cross the road. Else after a maximum time limit is exceeded and the required number has not yet gathered the remaining will be given a chance to navigate safely across the road. A count down timer display is used to show the remaining time the pedestrians have. It can be illustrated that the proposed system provides a cost efficient and environmentally friendly method to all road users. I the day to reflect rush hours and normal time, the lights do not have...
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...THE AUSTRALIAN ROAD RULES – WHAT ARE THEY AND WHERE ARE THEY GOING? Ian W Shepherd and Fiona A Calvert National Road Transport Commission PO Box 13105 Law Courts MELBOURNE VIC 8010 “Motoring in Australia is daily taking on more of a national aspect by shedding its earlier parochial garb. Yet there are few fields in which legislative and regulatory inconsistency have freer play than in the Australian motoring world. At the moment a motorist passing from one State into another has to unlearn much of what he has learned in his own State and to learn a lot that is strange to him. This produces irritation – or worse - in the motor owner and motor driver, and tends to unnecessary costs of traffic administration (which the motorist usually has to pay for). It also adds to traffic dangers through ignorance or unfamiliarity with local conditions or practices on the part of drivers. Therefore, anything that can be done to lay down a national basis for motor traffic control must be of much practical value. Commonsense suggests that there should be uniformity instead of variety, and that the growing volume of interstate traffic requires a national instead of a local viewpoint in things common to traffic in all of the States. Were all motor vehicles kept within their own State boundaries, little disadvantage would arise from the present welter of confusing motor legislation, but when a system becomes national, a system (or lack of system) of arbitrarily...
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...For this assignment, you will choose a topic, narrow it, research different points of view about it, and identify your audience in order to develop your angle on the topic. After looking at the list of topics below, which was shared in Week 1’s lecture, choose a topic in which you have more than just a passing interest. The best topic to choose is one which impacts you in some way. Having personal experience with the topic will probably lend some perspective on it and may get you closer to an angle on it. Also, sometimes research can be daunting, but if you have personal experience with the topic, or are even passionate about it, you will probably be more motivated to keep working when the “going gets tough.” Thus, while “interest” in a topic is important, mere interest will probably not sustain you through this project. You might ask yourself, “What is it about this topic that sparks my interest enough to write a ten page paper about it?” Once you choose the topic, please respond to the five questions below. Each of your responses should be approximately two paragraphs in length. This assignment will be graded using the Week 1 Assignment Rubric available in Doc Sharing. Education | Technology | Family | Health and Wellness | School Bullies | Multitasking and Technology | Sexualization of Girls | College Students and Weight Issues | No Child Left Behind Act/Race to the Top | Technology and Social Isolation | Gender Discrimination | Childhood Obesity...
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...CIV E 482 Research Paper Traffic Operations Alishia Ballard Fall 2014 Index 1. Example of Traffic Operations District 4 Caltrans………………………Page 3 2. Traffic Signals…………………………………………………………….Page 7 3. Elements of Design……………………………………………………….Page 9 CIV E 482 Research Paper Traffic Operations Example of Traffic Operations District 4 Caltrans To get a better understanding of traffic operations it is key to understand a specific office within the traffic operations field here in the state of California. According to the California Department of Transportation in District 4’s online informational, which is responsible for the Bay Area, their division of traffic operations consists of 320 technical and administrative staff within nine offices. These offices are responsible for planning, design, and analysis of highway safety and traffic operational improvements. This specific office does what most office in California offices of traffic operations do; they manage traffic activities and operations. We can take a brief look into what all nine of the offices do, and what it is they are responsible for. The office of traffic operations strategies (TOPS) addresses congestions trip reliability and safer with the use of better system management and new technologies according to the Caltrans website. The TOPS management provides guidance and establishes priorities for traffic operation strategies, which support corridor and system-wide transportation improvements...
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...1.0 Origin of the Task This report is the outcome of a research work to fulfill the Course requirement. As stated by the honorable course instructor Niaz Ahmed Khan, I am assigned to prepare a Social Impact Assessment Report on “Hatirjheel-Begunbari Canal Project” under the Project Management course. 2.0 Background Economic development projects brought innumerable benefits but also had unintended detrimental effects on people and natural resources. Human activities have resulted in the disruption of social and communal harmony. Social impacts are the impacts of developmental interventions on human environment. Such impacts not only need to be identified and measured but also need to be managed in such a way that the positive externalities are maximized and the negative externalities are minimized. Social impact assessments help in understanding such impacts. Hatirjheel Lake, the case study of this paper, Hatirjheel Lake is the reservoir of one third of the catchment area of the city (MacDonald and Culpin, 1995). It is located in the center of Dhaka and is a crucial element in the city’s drainage system. It used to be connected to a string of other lakes, the Banani, Dhanmondi and Gulshan Lakes, and to the BegunbariKhal at the Rampura Bridge. Today, the natural system has been interrupted, causing ever-larger problems of flooding and water logging. The pressures on the water system are...
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...For this assignment, you will choose a topic, narrow it, research different points of view about it, and identify your audience in order to develop your angle on the topic. After looking at the list of topics below, which was shared in Week 1’s lecture, choose a topic in which you have more than just a passing interest. The best topic to choose is one which impacts you in some way. Having personal experience with the topic will probably lend some perspective on it and may get you closer to an angle on it. Also, sometimes research can be daunting, but if you have personal experience with the topic, or are even passionate about it, you will probably be more motivated to keep working when the “going gets tough.” Thus, while “interest” in a topic is important, mere interest will probably not sustain you through this project. You might ask yourself, “What is it about this topic that sparks my interest enough to write a ten page paper about it?” Once you choose the topic, please respond to the five questions below. Each of your responses should be approximately two paragraphs in length. This assignment will be graded using the Week 1 Assignment Rubric available in Doc Sharing. Education | Technology | Family | Health and Wellness | School Bullies | Multitasking and Technology | Sexualization of Girls | College Students and Weight Issues | No Child Left Behind Act/Race to the Top | Technology and Social Isolation | Gender Discrimination | Childhood Obesity...
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...DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published by Arnold, 1998 Reprinted 2003 Second edition 2005 Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a license issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (ϩ44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (ϩ44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this...
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