Chapter 31
Study Guide, Terminology and Concepts

Know and understand the definition of these terms:
Hints – a. Define each term as you read through Chapter 9 and the lecture slide files. Put the related terms into groups to help you understand how they are interrelated. Write a sentence or short paragraph to explain the relationship between all of the terms in each group. b. Compare/contrast pairs of terms, such as “sister chromatids vs. homologs”; “proto-oncogene vs. oncogene”. c. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073525502/930170/Chapter_41.html

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cervix corpus luteum egg endometrium estrogen extraembryonic membrane fallopian tubes follicle follicular phase gamete germ cell gonad human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infertility lactation luteal phase menopause menstruation oocyte ovaian cycle ovary ovulation penis placenta progesterone prostate gland semen (seminal fluid) seminal vesicles seminiferous tubules sperm testes testosterone uterine cycle uterus vagina vas deferens yolk 1. Ovulation and fertility: a. What is the relationship between ovulation and fertility? b. When is a woman most likely to become pregnant? 2. List the stages of embryonic and fetal development from conception through the first trimester of pregnancy. 3. Birth defects: a. What is the difference between “acquired birth defects” and inherited disorders? b. List some ways to help prevent can birth defects? 4. Sex determination in the embryo: a. How is the gender of a child determined at conception? b. How is the gender actually manifested in the growing fetus? c. What happens if the SRY gene is mutated or absent in the developing male embryo? d. What happens if the SRY gene is inappropriately present and expressed in the developing female embryo? 5. Sexually transmitted diseases: a. List the sexually transmitted diseases that are described in your textbook, i. state whether each is caused by bacteria or viruses. ii. state whether each of these infections be eradicated by antibiotics. b. Are any of the STDs associated with permanent effects? c. Since viral infections can’t be cured by antibiotics, how can viral STDs be kept under control once they have been contracted 6. HIV a. What are the three most likely routes of infection with HIV? b. Can HIV be transmitted by casual contact? c. Which body fluids contain the highest level of the HIV virus in an HIV infected individual? 7. Know the available strategies for birth control, and especially the limitations of each strategy. a. List the forms of birth control described in your textbook in order of the degree of effectiveness. b. State the failure rate of each of these methods. c. List the major limitations of each of these methods.

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007802417x/student_view0/chapter31/post-test.html

(Omit questions 5,6,7,14,15 and 16.)