...Limited Background Swalec Joined generation business in 1993 Energy Power Resources 2006 Biomass and waste energy Ely Straw fired station project manager Largest biomass generator in UK Founding Director of Eco2 2002 Wind Dummuie, Betws, Hatton, Bogenlea Landfill Gas 4 projects with 10MW capacity Tidal Energy Limited Biomass Western BioEnergy, Sleaford, Brigg and a further 8 biomass plants throughout UK and Europe under development Is Biomass Riskier than Wind? Both offer construction and fuel risk Proven technologies available Long term contracts achievable A biomass plant has a team on site to make sure it runs 24 hours a day Lots of projects with good operating history; but DEBT FUNDERS ARE NOT SURE! Key Biomass Risks Three Key Risks: Fuel Fuel Fuel Other Risks Legislation Construction/Technology Risk Offtake provisions Operating Risks Fuel Key Risks Scale of the Plant - Is there enough? What will the price be in the long term? How do you get it to the plant at all times? Counter Party Risks? Is there enough? Brigg Sleaford Snetterton What will the price be in the long term? In depth knowledge of the market Needs third party confirmation Long term fuel contracts Ability to utilise back up fuels How do you get it to the plant? Need to fully explain the fuel logistics strategy A track record of managing fuel for a UK biomass plant Appropriate contingency planning No substitute for...
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...Siemens is a leading technology business and one of the largest electrical and electronics engineering companies in the world. In the UK, it employs over 20,000 people and is in the top three electrical and electronics companies in the world. It has been a pioneer in innovation since 1843 when Siemens installed the first street light in Godalming, Surrey. In 2006, Siemens UK invested over £74.4 million on research and development. The company designs and manufactures products and services for both industrial customers and consumers. It operates in three main sectors: * In industry, Siemens develops systems for transport, for example, London’s traffic monitoring for its congestion charge scheme. It is also the second largest provider of trains for major UK rail companies like FirstGroup. Siemens also provides lighting and electrical systems for major construction projects. * In energy, Siemens’ work is wide-ranging. It makes systems for transmitting and distributing power for power companies including building power stations and wind farms. It also provides energy metering services, for example, water meters for businesses and consumers. * In healthcare, it specialises in equipment to help medical diagnosis, such as MRI scanners and imaging technology. It also provides equipment for testing blood in laboratories. Siemens’ technology appears in every aspect of everyday life, for example: * the electronic ‘eye’ (Hawk Eye) helps umpires in tennis and...
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...intended to bring countries together to reduce global warming and to cope with effects of temperature increases. 186 of 192 industrialized and developing countries have ratified the agreement to collectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% compared to a 1990 baseline. The provision of the Kyoto Protocol is that is sets specific, binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and European Union, but excludes developing countries. The gases regulated include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons. These targets include six major greenhouse gases, often referred to as the “Kyoto Six”. “Internationally, these emissions reductions are accomplished through three flexible mechanisms: International emissions trading, Clean development mechanism, and Joint implementation. Nationally, to meet their targets or to generate credits that can be traded, most ratifying nations would have to combine several strategies, some which include, placing restrictions on their biggest emitters, manage transportation to slow or reduce emissions from automobiles, trucks, airplanes, and vessels, and lastly make better use of renewable energy sources (solar power, wind power, and biodiesel in place of fossil fuels)” (International context and Emerging Initiatives). The United States was expected to reduce emissions to 7% below its 1990 levels, the European Union nations 8%, and Canada and Japan 6% by 2012. The British Labour...
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...Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate...
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...continent-wide interconnections, local scale independent distribution network cells and networks integrating other forms of energy have emerged. The inclusion of new classes of network participants, e.g. prosumers, services providers, transportation applications, regulators and the increase of the number of distributed generators is a common feature of all these frameworks. A series of challenges result from this evolution: the need to coordinate distributed participants, the need to harmonize standards and procedures, as well as the need to overcome a series of obstacles to change. This contribution reviews emerging network concepts and the associated challenges. Series compensation, reconfigurable power electronic systems and wide-scale use of phasor measurement units are early examples for these emerging solutions. Index terms – Power transmission, Power transmission planning II. CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE ELECTRICITY NETWORKS A. Microgrids In a system comprising distributed electricity generation, consumers and producers may be located within the same distribution system, reducing the need for long distance transmission. Therefore, the concept of microgrids, i.e. small distribution networks with energy sources and sinks of similar magnitudes has been proposed [1]. These network cells can be operated independently from their superordinated networks. This means that energy balancing, voltage and frequency control can be...
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...Is the Contemporary UK Fashion Industry Sustainable? The sustainability of the fashion industry is one of the major concerns facing many stakeholders in the sector. The UK fashion industry is increasingly facing a wide range of sustainability issues ranging from wastes generation due to increased production of fashion products to the use of toxic materials in the production of fashion items. In addition, the industry has also been faced with the problem of the growing problem of widespread use of unsustainable materials such as non-biodegradable materials that are not usually easy to recycle as well as the current energy consumption to the release of millions of tons of greenhouse gasses released during the manufacture of fashion and textile products. It is widely believed that many of these sustainability challenges and issues are largely attributed to the recent increased flow of a diverse range of fashion products particularly clothing and textiles in the UK market. For example, recent statistics indicate that that up to 3.2 million tonnes of fashion related products like clothing and textiles currently flow through the country each year . Generally, the environmental impacts of the fashion sector mainly include its high contribution to the climate change in the form of the increasing requirement of fossil fuels required in the generation of energy used in the industry such as in the production and manufacture sectors. For example, the intense production of fashion items...
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...Introduction Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Daily life in industrialized nations can generate several pounds of solid waste per consumer, not only directly in the home, but indirectly in factories that manufacture goods purchased by consumers. Solid waste management is a system for handling all of this garbage; municipal waste collection is solid waste management, as are recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators. To the great benefit of archeology, early solid waste management consisted of digging pits and throwing garbage into them. This created a record of the kinds of lives that people lived, showing things like what people ate, the materials used to make eating utensils, and other interesting glimpses into historic daily life. When human cities began to be more concentrated, however, solid waste management became a serious issue. Houses that did not have room to bury their garbage would throw it into the streets, making a stroll to the corner store an unpleasant prospect. In response, many cities started to set up municipal garbage collection, in the form of rag and bone men who would buy useful garbage from people and recycle it, or waste collection teams which would dispose of unusable garbage. Waste Management Waste management is the collection, transport...
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...THE AUDIT FIRM GOVERNANCE CODE A PROJECT FOR THE FINANCIAL REPORTING COUNCIL Audit Firm Governance Working Group Chairman: Norman Murray January 2010 The ICAEW operates under a Royal Charter, working in the public interest. Its regulation of members, in particular in respect of auditors, is overseen by the Financial Reporting Council. As a world leading professional accountancy body, the ICAEW provides leadership and practical support to over 132,000 members in more than 165 countries, working with governments, regulators and industry in order to ensure that the highest standards are maintained. The ICAEW is a founding member of the Global Accounting Alliance with over 775,000 members worldwide. © ICAEW 2010 All rights reserved. Laws and regulations referred to in this document are stated as of December 2009. No responsibility for any persons acting or refraining to act as a result of any material in this document can be accepted by the ICAEW or the Audit Firm Governance Working Group. January 2010 ISBN 978-1-84152-863-2 THE AUDIT FIRM GOVERNANCE CODE A PROJECT FOR THE FINANCIAL REPORTING COUNCIL Audit Firm Governance Working Group Chairman: Norman Murray January 2010 Contents Page Introduction A B C D E F Leadership Values Independent non-executives Operations Reporting Dialogue 2 5 5 6 7 9 10 Appendix 1: Involvement of independent non-executives Appendix 2: Independence considerations Appendix 3: Working Group members and terms of reference 11...
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...profile. Reference to reasons for this relating to graded profile, the effect of height/gravity in connection with potential energy and the impact of increasing discharge on kinetic energy are valid here. May refer to meander migration in connection with widening the valley. May refer to other factors, such as geology, rejuvenation, glaciation, mass movement, quarries. Level 1 (1-4 marks) Is aware of the changing processes responsible. Begins to explain – in the context of erosion/deposition processes. Some use of appropriate terminology present at the higher end. Level 2 (5-7 marks) Processes responsible are linked clearly to changing shape. Explanation is developed, with reference to underlying reasons – changes in energy, links to graded profile/base level. Appropriate geographical terminology is used. (4 marks) AO1–1 AO2–1 AO3–2 1 (a) (ii) 1 (b) (4 marks) AO1–1 AO2–1 AO3–2 (7 marks) AO1 – 4 AO2 - 3 Geography 2030 - AQA A Level Mark Scheme 2010 June series Section A Question 1 5 Geography 2030 - AQA A Level Mark Scheme 2010 June series 1 (c) Content will depend on case studies used. Flooding may be defined within the answer. There should be clear reference to both economic (those relating to monetary issues – in its broadest sense) and social (those relating to people – their well-being, health). Examples likely to refer to UK, Bangladesh. Economic likely to refer to costs to homeowners, insurance payments, impact on businesses, crops, costs of organising...
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...business cannot think they are only affected by local issues. Every business, even government run businesses are affected by: Global problems Unemployment Suppliers Government European Union Consumers The Uk has a mixed economy this means we are part a free market and part a planned market A Free MarketResources are owned by an individualPrices are set through demand and supply The profit motivation and control to be creative and run your own business encourages entrepreneurs ( risk takers) and this is good for the consumer and the economy. Why? | A Planned Market Resources are owned by the statePrices are set by the stateThe supply of goods and services does not depend on the profit motivation | The Mixed economyThe UK has a large private sector as well as the public sector which provides education, health and local authority services.Strengths of the private sectorEmployees and employers can create their own personal wealth through profit and hard work.A greater range of products is sullied.People have greater freedom to choose and buy what they want.Competition helps keep prices down and encourages new ideas.Strengths of the public sectorFor public services to operate they do not depend on profit and will often be provided even when they are being run at a loss.The provision of basic services is available to all. | Whether a business is in the private sector or the public sector stability of the economy is important. Stability means: being able to make deals with suppliers...
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...Introduction of Organization: Assignment is based on two Firms that is BP and Shell. To analyses the strategic business units (SBUs) of BP Solar and Shell Renewables within the alternative energy industry, which are part of British Petroleum (BP) and Royal/Dutch Shell Group (Shell), the world's second and third largest energy companies? Environmental analysis highlights the increasing volatility of the global energy market, which is driven by factors including demographics, urbanisation, income levels, market liberalisation and demand. What Does Macro Environment Mean? The conditions that exist in the economy as a whole, rather than in a particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment will include trends in gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, employment, spending, and monetary and fiscal policy. The macro environment is closely linked to the general business cycle, as opposed to the performance of an individual business sector. (www.investopedia.com ) Major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization's decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic, demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces. Factors that influence a company's or product's development but that are outside of the company's control. For example, the macro environment could include competitors, changes in interest rates, changes in cultural tastes, or government...
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...Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK Gareth Evans Technical Directorate, Ofgem The British Electricity & Gas Regulator 1 gareth.evans@ofgem.gov.uk ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 2 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Development of connection policy for distributed generation in the UK • Introducing Ofgem • The challenge of DG • Connection incentives • The Electricity Networks Strategy Group • The Energy White Paper • Conclusions 3 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design About • Total staff currently ~300 • Principal disciplines: – Economists 50% – Finance/Admin 15% – Legal 6% – Social/Environmental 6% – Technical 6% • Overall Budget ~£30m per year 4 Ofgem’s main office near Houses of Parliament + small office in Glasgow ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra Design Principal objective • Our first priority is to protect the interests of consumers now and for the future. We do this by: – promoting markets/competition wherever appropriate, and – regulating effectively the monopoly companies which run the gas and electricity networks 5 ERRA DG Working Group - July 2007 Tnegra...
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...Kensington College of Business BP to consider to recover from the‘‘marketing disaster’’ Managing Markets KCB ID: 12449. Course Instructor: J.Naidoo Student ID: 12449 INTRODUCTION: That assignment consists of two parts. In first part, we will discuss the macro environmental factors that will affect BP (British Petroleum), when they have to consider their future strategic decision in order to regain their market position in the USA. In second part, we will suggest a marketing plan for BP to consider to recover from this ‘‘marketing disaster’’. The disaster is the Gulf of Mexico oil platform (which is the Deepwater Horizon) explosion occurred, millions barrels of oil have been leaked in the region for a few months. That infiltration is the largest environmental disaster in U.S. history. The goal of macro environment analyse is to see that marketing opportunity and threats were given by changes and trends in macro environment. Focusing on them for marketers helps to take decision and modifies their strategies and plans. The marketers wish to know which elements of macro environment affect their planning and how they influence future strategies. We will see the strong point and factors of macro environment which are the social and cultural...
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...Annual Report and Form 20-F 2013 bp.com/annualreport Building a stronger, safer BP Who we are BP is one of the world’s leading integrated oil and gas companies.a We aim to create long-term value for shareholders by helping to meet growing demand for energy in a safe and responsible way. We strive to be a world-class operator, a responsible corporate citizen and a good employer. Through our work we provide customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants to keep engines moving and the petrochemicals products used to make everyday items as diverse as paints, clothes and packaging. Our projects and operations help to generate employment, investment and tax revenues in countries and communities around the world. We employ more than 80,000 people, mostly in Europe and the US. As a global group, our interests and activities are held or operated through subsidiaries, branches, joint arrangements or associates established in – and subject to the laws and regulations of – many different jurisdictions. The UK is a centre for trading, legal, finance, research and technology and other business functions. We have well-established operations in Europe, the US, Canada, Russia, South America, Australasia, Asia and parts of Africa. a On the basis of market capitalization, proved reserves and production. Annual Report and Form 20-F 2013 bp.com/annualreport Front cover imagery Our second BP-operated development in Angola consists of four oil fields – Plutão, Saturno...
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...|Responsible |(ministry) |minister | | | | | |(name, surnames) | |Date |Leave blank | |Author |(ministry) |Ministry | |Prepared by the European Union |Leave blank | |coordinator | | | | |(position, name, surname) | |E-mail address |Leave blank | | |Phone number |Leave blank | | Position Nr.__________ REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL ______________________________________ (title of the EU legislation proposal (in English)) | Reference to the EU document |COM(2010) 524 final ...
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