...Transportation University, Tianjin 300161, PR China School of Science, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, PR China c Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 25 July 2011 Accepted 5 September 2012 Available online 11 September 2012 Keywords: Pricing Complementary products Market power Stackelberg game a b s t r a c t This article reports the results of a study that explores the pricing problems with regard to two complementary products in a supply chain with two manufacturers and one common retailer. The authors establish five pricing models under decentralized decision cases, including the MS-Bertrand, MS-Stackelberg, RS-Bertrand, RS-Stackelberg, and NG models, with consideration of different market power structures among channel members. By applying a game-theoretical approach, corresponding analytic solutions are obtained. Then, by comparing the maximum profits and optimal pricing decisions obtained in different decision cases, interesting and valuable managerial insights are established. Ó 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Pricing policy has long been recognized as a significant tool for use in the profit maximization of firms. Regardless of whether it is applied to areas in revenue management or supply chain management, it is used in the daily operations of industries to manipulate demand, and to regulate the production...
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...IRJALS (2013) Vol. 02 Issue. 04 Article No. 03 Full length Original Research Paper An assessment of women participation in farm household income: a study in some selected areas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh S. Parveen1, M. R. Hossain1*, A. K. M. G. Kausar2, M. M. A. Shibli1, M. M. Rahhan3 and J. U. Ahmed4 1 Former 2 Former M.S. Students, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh M.S. Student, Dept. of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3 Former Student, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 4Associate professor, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh *Corresponding authors e-mail: bestboyisrajib@gmail.com Article History Received: 4.8.2013 Accepted: 31.8.2013 Published: 15.11.2013 Key words: Women empowerment, Household income, Gender role ABSTRACT The present study attempted to make visible the participation of rural women in farm activities, their contribution in generating household income and decision making power. The study was conducted in two villages namely Monkanda and Char Shahpur under Fulpur upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 60 sample farmers (20 small, 20 medium, 20 large farmers) were selected by using stratified random sampling method. A pre-tested interview schedule used to collect data from respondents...
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...Question no: 2 5 Assignment Question no: 3 7 Assignment Question no: 4 9 Assignment Question no: 5 11 Assignment Question no: 6 13 Assignment Question no: 7 16 Assignment Question no: 8 19 Reference 22 Assignment Question no: 1 a) Explain the concept behind the production possibilities frontier. The production possibilities frontier (PPF) or "production possibilities curve” shows a combination of two goods and services that can be produced with the full available factors of production and technology (Arnold, 2010). The production possibility curve is represented in the below diagram. Figure-1 Production Possibility Frontier * In the above diagram which indicates that at the production at point X the output of Product A is A2 and output of Product B is B2. * If suppose the product B is increased from B2 to B1 the product A will decrease. * In the production possibilities frontier W indicates that the resources are not fully utilized efficiently. * In the production possibilities frontier Z indicates that the additional resources are required to product at a point beyond or outside the curve. b) c) Analyze what it means for the PPF to be bowed out from the origin (curved), and what it means for the PPF to be a straight line According to Riley (2012) Production Possibility Frontier is in a straight line as the opportunity cost of producing either good is constant which is seen in the below diagram. Figure-2 Straight Line...
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...Preparing for College Physics David Murdock TTU October 11, 2000 2 Preface! To the Instructors: This booklet is free. You may download, copy and distribute it as you wish. . . if you find it to be of any value. It can be gotten from the URL: http://iweb.tntech.edu/murdock/books/PreSci.pdf so you will need the (equally free) Adobe Acrobat Reader to view it and print it. This piece of software is on many institutional computer systems, and if you don’t have it on your machine, go get it at http://w1000.mv.us.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html The pages are in a format which looks best when printed double-sided. I’m giving it away to anyone in the same situation as me: You have many students in your introductory science courses who don’t have adequate preparation in basic mathematics, and you want to give them something simple and friendly to read. Preferably something that gets right to the point and which costs no more than the paper it’s printed on. I didn’t know where I could get a document like this, so I wrote one. You’ll notice that “significant figures” have not been rigidly observed in the numerical examples. That’s because this book is directed at students who need help in getting any correct numbers to round off. If you find this booklet to be useful or else worth exactly what it costs and/or have any suggestions, please write to me at murdock@tntech.edu To the Students: Your college science courses may very well require you to do some mathematics (algebra...
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...1.0 Introduction 1.1 Origin of the Report To complete a course of Managerial Economics (Microeconomics) it is necessary to prepare a report based on the major tropics of Microeconomics. This report is prepared by Aseem Kumar Pramanik, George Anupam Samaddar, Salauddin kader, Mrinal Das & Wahidur Rahman with the guidance of Somaiya Yunus, Faculty of BRAC University. This report is carried out the impact of microeconomics on necessity goods. We actually gathered a vast knowledge of Microeconomics activities on our necessity goods, preparing this report. The project was assigned on January 28, 2008 and submitted on April 07, 2008. 2. Objectives & Scope • Analysis the factor affect of Demand & Supply • Analysis of Market Equilibrium • Determination of Price Elasticity • Analysis of Total Utility • Analysis of Short Run and Long Run • Analysis of Efficiency of Competitive Equilibrium • Analysis of Gain from Trade • Analysis of Difference form of Competition 1.3 Methodology Data Requirements In order to conduct this report the following information was requires: • Assume more than two products. • General information about the product. • General information about the substitute goods of products. • General information about current Market situation of Products. • Information about the Marketing Strategy of Products. • Information about consumer behavior, income level. ...
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...International Macroeconomics1 Stephanie Schmitt-Groh´2 e April 26, 2013 Mart´ Uribe3 ın 1 The seeds for this manuscript were lecture notes taken by Alberto Ramos in a course on International Finance that Mike Woodford taught at the University of Chicago in the Winter of 1994. 2 Columbia University. E-mail: stephanie.schmittgrohe@columbia.edu. 3 Columbia University. E-mail: martin.uribe@columbia.edu. ii Contents 1 Global Imbalances 1.1 Balance-of-Payments Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The Current Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 1.3 The Current Account and the Net International Investment Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Valuation Changes and the Net International Investment Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 The Negative-NIIP-Positive-NII Paradox: Dark Matter? 1.5.1 1.5.2 . . 20 Dark Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Return Differentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.6 Who Lends and Who Borrows Around the World? . . . . . . 26 1.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 35 2 Current Account Sustainability 2.1 Can a Country Run a Perpetual Trade Balance Deficit? . . . 35 2.2 Can a Country Run a Perpetual Current Account Deficit? . 39 2.3 Savings, Investment, and the Current Account . . . . . . . . 41 iii iv 2.3.1 CONTENTS Current Account Deficits...
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...1 UNIT - I Lesson 1 - Set theory and Set Operations Contents: 1.1 Aims and Objectives 1.2 Sets and elements 1.3 Further set concepts 1.4 Venn Diagrams 1.5 Operations on Sets 1.6 Set Intersection 1.7 Let – us Sum Up 1.8 Lesson – End Activities 1.9 References 1.1 Aims and Objectives This Lesson introduces some basic concepts in Set Theory, describing sets, elements, Venn diagrams and the union and intersection of sets. 1.2 Sets and elements Sets of objects, numbers, departments, job descriptions, etc. are things that we all deal with every day of our lives. Mathematical Set Theory just puts a structure around this concept so that sets can be used or manipulated in a logical way. The type of notation used is a reasonable and simple one. For example, suppose a company manufactured 5 different products a, b, c, d, and e. Mathematically, we might identify the whole set of products as P, say, and write: P = (a,b,c,d,e) which is translated as 'the set of company products, P, consists of the members (or elements) a, b, c, d and e. The elements of a set are usually put within braces (curly brackets) and the elements separated by commas, as shown for set P above. A mathematical set is a collection of distinct objects, normally referred to as elements or members. Sets are usually denoted by a capital letter and the elements by small letters. Example 1 (Illustrations of sets) This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 2 a)...
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...This is evident in the recent development in the Nigerian financial system. The hitherto esteemed financial practices which are assumed to be the exclusive practices of developed Western Eutopean economies continue to assure prominence in Nigeria. Nay, in all the developing countries. These financial practices manifest themselves in the area of corporate finance. Such practices among others are leasing, loan – sydication and merger – acquisition which is the focus of this study. Merger – acquisition has been defined in many ways ostensibly to bring to light its legal and literal meaning. It will suffice however, to define merger acquisition as a combination of two or more existing companies. Such combination of companies take different forms. Various reasons and theories have been advanced to be the moving focus behind merger execution. The main focus of all the theories or reasons advanced have been the achievement of synergy. What has come to be known in financial parlance as 2 + 2+ = 5. That is, the value of the combined company being greater than the addition of the value of the companies as separate entities. The word merger – acquisition continues to echo and re-echo in Nigeria recently. The merger protagonists have been labouring...
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...reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Martin J. Osborne. This manual was typeset by the author, who is greatly indebted to Donald Knuth A (TEX), Leslie Lamport (L TEX), Diego Puga (mathpazo), Christian Schenk (MiKTEX), Ed Sznyter (ppctr), Timothy van Zandt (PSTricks), and others, for generously making superlative software freely available. The main font is 10pt Palatino. Version 6: 2012-4-7 Contents Preface 1 xi Introduction 1 Exercise 5.3 (Altruistic preferences) 1 Exercise 6.1 (Alternative representations of preferences) 1 2 Nash Equilibrium 3 Exercise 16.1 (Working on a joint project) 3 Exercise 17.1 (Games equivalent to the Prisoner’s Dilemma) 3 Exercise 20.1 (Games without conflict) 3 Exercise 31.1 (Extension of the Stag Hunt) 4 Exercise 34.1 (Guessing two-thirds of the average) 4 Exercise 34.3 (Choosing a route) 5 Exercise 37.1 (Finding Nash equilibria using best response functions) 6 Exercise 38.1 (Constructing best response functions) 6 Exercise 38.2 (Dividing money) 7 Exercise 41.1 (Strict and nonstrict Nash equilibria) 7 Exercise 47.1 (Strict equilibria and dominated actions) 8 Exercise 47.2 (Nash equilibrium and weakly dominated actions) 8 Exercise 50.1 (Other Nash equilibria of the game modeling collective decision-making) 8 Exercise...
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...any two different real numbers there is another real number different from either of them. So they are packed without any gaps and can not be separated from their immediate neighbors. In that sense they are not discrete. In this course we will be concerned with objects such as integers, propositions, sets, relations and functions, which are all discrete. We are going to learn concepts associated with them, their properties, and relationships among them among others. Why Discrete Mathematics ? Let us first see why we want to be interested in the formal/theoretical approaches in computer science. Some of the major reasons that we adopt formal approaches are 1) we can handle infinity or large quantity and indefiniteness with them, and 2) results from formal approaches are reusable. As an example, let us consider a simple problem of investment. Suppose that we invest $1,000 every year with expected return of 10% a year. How much are we going to have after 3 years, 5 years, or 10 years ? The most naive way to find that out would be the brute force calculation. Let us see what happens to $1,000 invested at the beginning of each year for three years. First let us consider the $1,000 invested at the beginning of the first year. After one year it produces a return of $100. Thus at the beginning of the second year,...
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... 32 Conclusion 42 References 43 Appendix 44 List of Figures 44 Acknowledgement I hereby would like to express my appreciation and respect to my supervisor Dr. Wang Yao. Although I am not a talented student, Dr. Yao provided me timely support and insight in the field of physics. It is my fortune to take part in this final year project under his guidance. Moreover, I would like to thank Dr. GuiBin Liu and Mr. We Yue for their support and comments. Introduction Motivation One of the most intriguing phenomena in physics is the edge effect in 2-D systems. With the emergence of 2-D monolayer materials, the study of edge states in such material is of fundamental interest as well as practical interest. A well known example of such material is graphene, the discovery of which has lead to a Nobel Prize 2 years ago. It remains a mystery whether its counterpart, silicene, exhibit a similar property. This gives us great...
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...Enayet (B1506003) 2. HafijulHasan (B1506007) 3. Plato Khisa (B1506035) 4. FarhanajAnchal (B1506075) 5. K.HusFariha (B1506120) 6. SumaiyaMeher(B1506155) Submitted To Lecturer AKTER KAMAL Business Mathematics Bangladesh University of Professionals Submission on Date: 02/05/2016 BBA 2015; SEC- C LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 02 may 2016 Akter Kamal Lecturer Faculty of Business Studies Bangladesh University of Professionals Subject: Submission of term paper on “The role of Pythagoras in the field of mathematics” Respected Sir, We the students of BBA, section C, we are very glad to submit you the term paper on the topic of “The role of Pythagoras in the field of mathematics” that you asked us to submit, which is a part of our course requirement. For the purpose of completing the term paper we did a simple research on the provided topic. We have completed our research and assessment on our term paper topic according to your specification and regulation. We have tried our best to gather information according to the requirements and our ability. There may be a few mistakes, because we are still beginner in this line of work but we hope that in future this term paper will remind us not to make the same mistakes again and so this will become a great learning in experience. At last, we would like to thank to you for guiding and encouraging us to prepare the Term Paper. Sincerely yours, 1. Faisal Enayet (B1506003) 2. Hafijul Hasan (B1506007) ...
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...Spreadsheet Sensitivity Analysis Introduction Spreadsheets and the Case Projects The Dynamic Strategic Planning workbook is accompanied by a number of spreadsheet-based tools for data analysis. We have supplied these tools so that the users of this workbook can concentrate upon the use and implementation of decision analysis and strategic planning, rather than focusing upon the mechanics of the mathematics underlying their use. The current form of the spreadsheets is a consequence of a combination of factors: academic research, pedagogical design, and in-class experiences. Based upon new developments, they are being routinely improved. However, no amount of care in tool design can substitute for expertise on the part of the user. The case projects have been designed assuming that these tools will be used effectively. The purpose of this document is to assure that you, the user of these tools, are prepared to exploit them to their fullest - specifically, that you are able to make use of spreadsheet sensitivity analysis tools. Spreadsheet Basics Electronic spreadsheets (as opposed to the paper kind!) have revolutionized business analysis. This should be no surprise, given that one of the developers of the original tool, Visicalc, was a Harvard Business School dropout who recognized that a computer-based tool to facilitate business analysis would have made his life a little simpler at the HBS, and might even help managers when they got out into the real world. However...
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...Review Notes for IB Standard Level Math © 2015-2016, Steve Muench steve.muench@gmail.com @stevemuench Please feel free to share the link to these notes http://bit.ly/ib-sl-maths-review-notes or my worked solutions to the November 2014 exam http://bit.ly/ib-sl-maths-nov-2014 or my worked solutions to the May 2015 (Timezone 2) exam http://bit.ly/ib-sl-maths-may-2015-tz2 or my worked solutions to the November 2015 exam https://bit.ly/ib-sl-maths-nov-2015 with any student you believe might benefit from them. If you downloaded these notes from a source other than the bit.ly link above, please check there to make sure you are reading the latest version. It may contain additional content and important corrections! April 8, 2016 1 Contents 1 Algebra 1.1 Rules of Basic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Rules of Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Rules of Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Allowed and Disallowed Calculator Functions During the Exam 1.5 Sequences and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Arithmetic Sequences and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Sum of Finite Arithmetic Series (u1 + · · · + un ) . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Partial Sum of Finite Arithmetic Series (uj + · · · + un ) . . . . . 1.9 Geometric Sequences and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Sum of Finite Geometric Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...[pic] SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON CATCHMENT STUDY OF FOOD BAZAAR [pic] IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION GURGAON IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN RETAIL MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY DEEPAK KUMAR PGPRM 2006-08 CATCHMENT STUDY OF FOOD BAZAAR [pic] DECLARATION This project is my original work done on behalf of IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION under the guidance of Mr.Amit kumar, Food bazaar category head north zone and college mentors Mrs. Swaran Kanta and Mrs. Smita shelly, Faculty IILM. As well as with the great help of Food bazaar category team north zone. The material provided in this report is original and has not been submitted anywhere for any other diploma or degree. This data is completely confidential, hence the findings and analysis would not be shared in this document and outside too . so should not be share with any other places or organization. Signature of student Name : Deepak Kumar Date PREFACE I am Deepak Kumar doing post graduate program in retail management (PGPRM) student of Integrated Institute of Learning Management (IILM), Gurgaon, Haryana. undergone summer training program at Zonal office (North Zone) with Future group in Gurgaon. I have been assigned a task to do the ‘CATCHMENT STUDY OF FOOD BAZAARS IN NORTH ZONE”. In this topic there...
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