...4/15/2015 BIO156 Lab 2 Print Lab 2 Biological Molecules and pH Introduction: Connecting Your Learning Biological organisms, like all things, are made up of elements. These elements combine to form organic molecules that create the basis for life. The main elements found in biological organisms include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). This lab describes how these elements form some of the most important molecules in life: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Resources and Assignments Multimedia Resources Required Assignments None Lesson 2 Lab 2 From the Lab Kit 7 test tubes Benedict's solution Biuret solution 15 micropipettes 10 pipettes Forceps pH test strips 4 unknown samples https://www.riolearn.org/content/bio/BIO156/BIO156_INTER_0000_v9/labs/lab02.shtml?print 1/21 4/15/2015 BIO156 Lab 2 Measuring spoons (teaspoon and tablespoon) 50 mL beaker Mortar and pestle Glass stirring rod 100 mL graduated cylinder Microscope slide Plastic funnel Test tube tongs Test tube rack 5 plastic cups Goggles Plastic gloves 1 tablespoon baking soda 1 tablespoon chicken soup 4 tablespoons sugar Required Materials 1 tablespoon cornstarch 2 tablespoons unflavored gelatin Student Provided Small saucepan Paper towel Oven glove or mitt Baking tray or aluminum foil (about an 18-inch sheet) Scissors Pencil Dime Microwave (optional) or Stove Permanent marker https://www.riolearn...
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...S W I S S G E R M A N U N I V E R S I T Y INORGANIC & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT | Subject | : Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Laboratory | Lecturer | : Hery Sutanto S.Si | Instructor | : Tabligh Permana S.Si., Dian Sukmayanda S.Si | Faculty/Class | : Life Science/LS 2 A | Date of Experiment | : 11 April 2012 | Date of Lab. Report | : 18 April 2012 | Semester | : 2 | Time of Experiment | : 14.00-17.00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Experiment: | Principle of Spectroscopy | NAME : Melisa Grace (14211043) Nur Ratih K. (14111005) Group : G | | Campus BSD CityBumi Serpong DamaiTangerang 15321 – Indonesia | Tel. +62 21 537 6221 Fax. +62 21 537 6201 sgu.info@sgu.ac.id www.sgu.ac.id | EXPERIMENT 5: Extraction of Caffeine From Tea Leaves 1. Objective: To demonstrate the extraction of Caffeine as natural substance by using organic solvent and distillation technique. 2. The Materials, Equipments and Procedures: A) Materials * K2CrO4(Potassium Chromate) * H2SO4 (Sulphuric Acid) * Aquades B) Equipments * Beaker * Volumetric flask (50 ml and 25 ml) * Glass rod * Spatula * Watch glass * Graduated pipette * Pipette * Scale * UV-Vis spectrophotometer * Cuvette C) Methods 1. Equipment and materials necessary for the experiment were prepared on the working table. 2. Calculation...
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...household bleach. There are two oxidation-reduction reactions for determining the oxidizing capacity of bleach. Initially an excess of iodide ions are added to a bleach solution. The iodide ions are oxidized to iodine after the solution has been acidified. Starch is added to the resulting iodine solution as an indicator. The solution is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate until the color of the solution changes indicating the endpoint of the reaction. Data collected from the titrations will be used to calculate the mass of the sodium hypochlorite in an unknown solution of bleach. Given the original mass of the unknown solution and the calculated mass of the sodium hypochlorite in the unknown solution, the percent by mass of the sodium hypochlorite can be determined. The oxidizing capacity of the unknown bleach is effectively the percent by mass of the sodium hypochlorite in the unknown bleach sample. OJECTIVES 1) Titration of a sample of bleach with thiosulfate. 2) Determining the end point of the titration with starch indicator. 3) To determine oxidizing capacity of bleach by determining the percentage by mass of the bleach that is sodium hypochlorite. 4) Balance and summarize the two redox reactions to determine the overall chemical reaction that occurs during the titration. PRINCIPLES Oxidizing Capacity of Bleach The effectiveness of a bleach to whiten and remove stains in white clothing is related to the oxidizing (bleaching) strength of an oxidizing agent, such as OCl−...
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...CH 220C ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Spring, 2015 Section Page 1. General Information 2 2. Safety Information 2 3. Attendance 3 Make-Up Policy 3 4. Laboratory Protocol 3 Assigned Reading 3 Pre-Lab Quizzes 3 Lab Notebook 5 Chemicals 5 Due Dates for Reports 5 5. Orientation 5 In-Lab Information 5 Library Information 5 6. Check-In 6 7. Grading Procedure 6 8. Policy on Cheating 7 9. TA Office Hours 8 10. Faculty Course CoordinatorS 8 11. Course Web Page 8 12. Hints to Minimize Frustration IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 8 13. Work Schedule 10 Lab Report Due Date Schedule 10 Experiments 10 14. Supplements 17 A. Extraction of Unknown 17 B. Recrystallization of Unknown Products 18 C. Methyl Benzoate 19 D. Synthesis of Luminol 20 E. Azo Violet 23 1. GENERAL INFORMATION PRE- and CO-REQUISITES Pre- and co-requisites for CH 220C listed in the Course Schedule. Important: Because the lecture and laboratory courses are co-requisites of each other, dropping one of them requires that you drop the other as well, unless the drop occurs during ...
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...of the vapor above a liquid equals the existing pressure. As we heat a liquid, the pressure of the vapor above the liquid slowly increases. When this pressure equals the pressure existing in the container, the liquid begins to boil– the liquid turns to vapor. If not contained, the vapor will “escape” into the atmosphere. In other words, the liquid evaporates. If the vapor is contained, and then passed through an area where the temperature is lower, the vapor will “condense” and enter the liquid state again. This would be a distillation. Atmospheric pressure is approximately 760 mm Hg; i.e., the weight of a column of mercury measuring 1 mm2 and 760 mm tall. This equates to about 29.7 inches of mercury. If we reduce the pressure above the sample that we are heating, we can reduce the boiling point of the liquid. This is referred to as a vacuum distillation or carrying out a distillation in vacuo. For example, while water boils at 100oC (or 212° F) at 760 mm Hg, it boils around 22oC at 20 mm Hg. The boiling point of a liquid is a physical characteristic of a compound. Many factors go into the estimation of the boiling point of a liquid such as the shape (round, oval, elongated), the mass and most importantly, hydrogen bonding (H-bonding). Methane with a mass of 16 does not engage in H-bonding and is a gas at room temperature while water (mass 18) boils at 100oC. While we can often guess the relative boiling points of a series of compounds, it is rather difficult to calculate a boiling...
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...Patel Laboratory #7 – Determination of Ka for Weak Acids Laboratory Date: April 25, 2012 Objective Titrate a solution of unknown acid to the half-reacted point and use the pH of the solution at that point to determine ka for the unknown acid. Titrate a solution containing a weighed amount of solid unknown acid to the half-reacted point and use the PH of the solution at that point to determine Ka for the unknown Ka for the unknown acid. Introduction When an uncharged weak acid is added to water, a heterogeneous equilibrium forms in which aqueous acid molecules, HA(aq), react with liquid water to form aqueous hydronium ions and aqueous anions, A-(aq). The latter are produced when the acid molecules lose H+ ions to water. HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-(aq) Water is not included in the acid-dissociation equilibrium expression because the [H2O] has no effect on the equilibrium. Acid + Base→ Salt+ Water Materials Used 10, 50 and 100-mL graduated cylinder 125-mL flask 3.5-mL of 6M NaOH Solution Distilled Water Glass stirring rod Beaker 50-mL of Unknown Acid Solution 25- or 50-mL buret Ringstand with buret clamp 10-mL pipet 125mL flask Phenolphthalein indicator Short range pH paper pH meter Procedure A. Determination of Ka for an Unknown Acid in Solution * Measure and deposit approximately 50-mL of unknown acid into a clean dry 100-mL beaker * Wash and rinse a 25- or 50-mL buret with 5-mL of the previously prepared NaOH...
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...of the vapor above a liquid equals the existing pressure. As we heat a liquid, the pressure of the vapor above the liquid slowly increases. When this pressure equals the pressure existing in the container, the liquid begins to boil– the liquid turns to vapor. If not contained, the vapor will “escape” into the atmosphere. In other words, the liquid evaporates. If the vapor is contained, and then passed through an area where the temperature is lower, the vapor will “condense” and enter the liquid state again. This would be a distillation. Atmospheric pressure is approximately 760 mm Hg; i.e., the weight of a column of mercury measuring 1 mm2 and 760 mm tall. This equates to about 29.7 inches of mercury. If we reduce the pressure above the sample that we are heating, we can reduce the boiling point of the liquid. This is referred to as a vacuum distillation or carrying out a distillation in vacuo. For example, while water boils at 100oC (or 212° F) at 760 mm Hg, it boils around 22oC at 20 mm Hg. The boiling point of a liquid is a physical characteristic of a compound. Many factors go into the estimation of the boiling point of a liquid such as the shape (round, oval, elongated), the mass and most importantly, hydrogen bonding (H-bonding). Methane with a mass of 16 does not engage in H-bonding and is a gas at room temperature while water (mass 18) boils at 100oC. While we can often guess the relative boiling points of a series of compounds, it is rather difficult to calculate a boiling...
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...CHEMISTRY 425 Analytical Chemistry II Dr. Petr Vanýsek, Instructor 07 POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS OF CHLORIDE AND IODIDE In this experiment the concentrations of chloride and of iodide in an unknown solution will be determined by volumetric titration with standard solution of silver nitrate using potentiometric indication. The potential of a silver electrode immersed in the solution is measured with respect to a reference electrode. In this experiment a glass electrode will serve as a reference electrode, since the pH of the solution is invariant during the titration. The position of the titration curve with respect to the volume axis does not depend on any knowledge of the electrode potential for either the measuring electrode or the reference electrode. The data obtained also enable calculation of the solubility (solubility product) of AgCl and AgI. AgI (ca. Ksp = 1x10-16) precipitates first since it is less soluble than AgCl (ca. Ksp = 1x10-10). Silver chloride starts precipitation near the equivalence point of the iodide titration. The potential rise* of the iodide titration curve will level off at the point when the chloride starts precipitating, that is near the iodide equivalence point inflection. This will be followed by a typical S-shaped chloride potentiometric end point. The error in determining the iodide end point is small if it is taken at the point at which the potential levels off. [* Depending on the manner in which the reference and working electrodes are...
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...The Case of the Mysterious White Powder Abstract: Students, it’s now time for you to prove your labworthyness, as your knowledge is critical to solving the case. You will need to record data in your notebooks. Make sure your handwriting is legible and well organized. Background: Mr. Luigi is one of the best bakers in the land. So good in fact, that everyone is willing to pay him one hundred gold coins to buy and enjoy his delicious cakes. One day Luigi got a very special request. The Princess asked if Luigi would bake a cake for her birthday party! Luigi was happy to accept because the Princess was one of the most popular people in the land. If he baked a perfect cake, who knows what it might lead to. Day and night he worked perfecting his recipe until it was just right for the Princes s. When the day finally arrived, Luigi headed over to the castle with all of his ingredients. Just as he finished mixing the batter together, a cry came from outside. Luigi rushed out to see what all the commotion was about. After stomping and kicking some Koopa shell, he headed back to the kitchen to put the finishing touches on the cake. Luigi was so proud to deliver the cake and see the smile on the Princess’s face. Songs were sung, and pieces were passed around to all the attendants. But Luigi was horrified as he watched person after person spit out their cake! Even after tasting it himself Luigi could barely finish two bites before spitting it out. What could have gone wrong? Someone...
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...Zinc in several "samples." We will be using a Zinc lamp on the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The lab assistant will demonstrate the software and the procedures for preparing the instrument. Each group will run a series of calibration standards to generate a calibration curves. The concentrations are given below. Then, one of the "unknown" samples (A or B) should be run. The printer will generate a report of the concentration of Zinc in the sample. We have to be sure which sample we are used. Our laboratory report should describe the functions of the AAS and describe the procedures for preparing the instrument for use. The report should include a printout graph of the calibration curve that we have made. We also needed to indicate the data points for the calibration standards and our sample. INTRODUCTION Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) determines the presence of metals in liquid samples. Metals include Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Ca, Zn, Cd and many more. It also measures the concentrations of metals in the samples. Typical concentrations range in the low mg/L range. In their elemental form, metals will absorb ultraviolet light when they are excited by heat. Each metal has a characteristic wavelength that will be absorbed. The AAS instrument looks for a particular metal by focusing a beam of UV light at a specific wavelength through a flame and into a detector. The sample of interest is aspirated into the flame. If that metal is present in the sample, it will absorb...
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...LIFE PROTEIN ASSAY BY BIURET AND FOLIN METHODS Student Number and Name:1316740 Katerina Koupa | Name of Lab Instructor: Dr. J. Walton | Date of the experiment:06/02/2014 | Date of Report Submission:20/02/2014 | (Fig.1) Biuret Reagent Structure ABSTRACT: This report describes the use of the Biuret and Folin methods of protein assay, to verify the protein concentrations of two unknown solutions. To calculate the protein concentrations of the unknowns, nineteen samples were passed through a spectrophotometer which twelve of them had a known protein concentration and there absorbance levels were found. Then a calibration graph was plot that determines the concentration levels of the unknown samples. INTRODUCTION: One of the most typical procedures applied by lab scientist is the protein quantification. Finding protein concentrations in solutions is important in many ways. First of all detecting the levels of a protein in body fluids can result in identifying various diseases. Also protein verification is required for characterization and purification of enzymes. Because of the significance of protein assays laboratories perform this techniques on almost a daily basis. For this experimental procedure, the Biuret and Folin methods were used to determine the protein concentrations of two unknown samples. First the Biuret method (Fig.1) is based on the appearance of peptides bonds in proteins. When cupric ions (Cu2+) come...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed in the...
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...Student Name: Andreas Sippl Student ID: 4445491 Date: 04 January 4, 2015 Course and Section Number: SCIN131 Lesson 6 Lab: Titrations and Natural Acid/Base Indicators Begin by viewing the following Thinkwell videos 15.1.7 CIA Demonstration: Titrations 11.2.2 CIA Demonstration: Natural Acid-Base Indicators (NOTE: The second video is sort of a supplement to the first, and shows how this applies to your daily life. Feel free to try some of the things listed in the video, but be sure to report back to the class regarding the results of your experiments!) After you watch the above video, answer the questions below in sufficient detail: (a) (1 pts.) In YOUR OWN WORDS, what is a titration? What type of reaction is it? Be detailed and specific...
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...University of Central Florida College of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship Revised 5/4/11 lab 1 | P a g e University of Central Florida College of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship Revised 5/4/11 lab 2 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4 RECOMMENDED TEXTS/RESOURCES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5 DIDACTIC EXPERIENCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6 IMPORTANT LOCATIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7 OBSTETRICAL SERVICE: FLORIDA HOSPITAL AND WINNIE PALMER HOSPITAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8 GYNECOLOGIC AND GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY SERVICES: FLORIDA HOSPITAL AND WINNIE PALMER HOSPITAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11 COMMUNITY WEEK AND SPECIALTY CLINICS‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐14 TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL OB/GYN ROTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15 LOGGING PATIENT ENCOUNTERS (THE PATIENT PASSPORT) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16 CLERKSHIP ATTENDANCE POLICY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19 CLERKSHIP OBJECTIVES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20 THE CASE...
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...BIOL 3380 Name:_____________________________________ Circle Session: T-PM W-AM W-PM R-AM R-PM F-AM F-PM Experiment 9 – Pre-lab Homework Enzyme Kinetics of LDH This pre-lab homework assignment is due at the beginning of your lab session. You are provided with the following portion of a protocol: • Determine concentration of enzyme stock solution, if unknown, by taking an A280 nm reading of a 1:100 dilution (in water). Use a total volume of 1 ml in the cuvette. • Dilute some of the enzyme stock with buffer A to make a 4 mg/ml solution. • Serially dilute the 4 mg/ml solution with buffer A to make working solutions of 400 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml. • Prepare 30 µl of each working solution for every sample The PI of the lab gives you a tube of enzyme and tells you the following before disappearing into the office to write more grant proposals: ➢ There is 50 µl of enzyme stock solution. The enzyme is expensive to purify, so follow the protocol exactly, using as little of the stock solution as possible. ➢ The concentration of the stock solution is currently not known, but a 1 mg/ml concentration of the pure enzyme has an A280 nm of 2.0. ➢ You’ll be performing the assay on 12 samples. ➢ Make enough of each working solution so that you have at least 400 ul to work with when you do the assay (to cover any waste and/or inefficiencies in pippetting). Using the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance at 280 nm, you get...
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