...Gaylinn Breeze Maryville University Abstract This paper aims to provide an in depth critique of Henderson’s Nursing Theory using Fawcett’s framework for analysis and evaluation of nursing models. This paper will provide an analysis of the theory based on its scope, context and content. Secondly, the paper will provide an evaluation to unearth its significance, internal consistency, testability, as well as provide empirical and pragmatic adequacy. Lastly, the paper will give a detail of its assumptions and limitations. Virginia A. Henderson’s Nursing Theory Critique Virginia A. Henderson was considered a mother of nursing in the advent of modern day nursing. Her contribution to the nursing system was widely considered as a tool for transforming the nursing practices in health facilities. She gave elaborate guidelines and drew attention of nurses towards what an effective nursing practice would require of them. In her own setup, she carried out research and formulated a theory. Her theory of nursing focused on providing patients with factors that would enhance independence for the patients. In her efforts to transform the patient’s care approach, she acknowledged that basic needs were of primary concern in enabling a functional nursing approach. Her relationship between nursing care and basic needs propagated the ‘Needs Theory’. Scope and Origin Henderson’s theory is founded...
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...Order Code RS22814 February 21, 2008 FDA Fast Track and Priority Review Programs Susan Thaul Specialist in Drug Safety and Effectiveness Domestic Social Policy Division Summary By statutory requirements and by regulation, guidance, and practice, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) works with several overlapping yet distinct programs to get to market quickly new drug and biological products that address unmet needs. FDA most frequently uses three mechanisms for that purpose: Accelerated Approval, Fast Track, and Priority Review. The first two affect the development process before a sponsor submits a marketing application. Accelerated Approval allows surrogate endpoints in trials to demonstrate effectiveness and is relevant in fewer situations than the others. The Fast Track program encourages a sponsor to consult with FDA while developing a product. Unlike the others, Priority Review involves no discussions of study design or procedure; it relates only to an application’s place in the review queue. Analysis of total approval time for approved applications under the Fast Track and Priority Review programs shows that for seven of the past nine years, Fast Track products have shorter median approval times than do all those applications assigned to Priority Review. It takes an average of 15 years from the moment a manufacturer first approaches the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with an idea for a new drug to its final approval for marketing.1 Steps...
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...Automated Toilet Paper Dispenser - Product Development Proctor & Gamble, an international leader in the paper products industry is in development of an automatic toilet paper dispenser. This proposed product is a complimentary product to the already available, touch free soap and paper towel dispensers. The proposed toilet paper dispenser has both commercial and home use applications. Team C is in the process of developing a marketing plan for this product and is considering several factors to determine the validity of these continued efforts. Team C will consider the markets needs and growth potential, conduct a brief strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (S.W.O.T) analysis, evaluate the competition, define the product and justify the continued development. Market Needs Market Needs Analysis allows one to meet the needs of the market and prepare for future demands. Market needs depict what appeals to the target consumer and allows one to construct the marketing message to highlight the features that attract them. Analyzing the market needs also compares products and consumer experiences to competitors, allowing one to provide the consumer's market needs in a way the competition cannot. Market Needs Analysis would expose possible market risks, buyer behaviors, and pricing risks. One should always try to define the product offerings in terms of target market needs and understand the unmet needs of the consumers. Market Growth As the world moves forward in the age...
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...t TERM PAPER Course Code: MIB 130 Credit Units: 04 Objectives The aim of the term paper is to provide the students with an opportunity to further enhance their knowledge in a sector of their choice by undertaking a significant practical unit of examining and analyzing various aspects of business management at a level commensurate with the learning outcomes of the various courses taken up y them in the ongoing semester. For students of the first semester, the required term paper is primarily a self worded structured report written by the students after interpreting & analyzing various primary & secondary records of intelligent interviews/readings from several sources on a particular sector. Conduct of Term Paper • The term paper will be executed & submitted by students in groups. (Maximum four students in each group) • The students are to form groups of four and decide the sector of study / company of interest within two weeks of the start of the semester. • A Faculty Mentor will be assigned to each group of students undertaking a Team Paper. • Special Time slot to conduct the research will be included in the timetable. • The Mentor will conduct weekly sessions to guide & follow up the students as well as to clarify any queries or problem faced by the students. • Weekly review of the Work in Progress will be maintained by Faculty Mentor & will carry 20% weightage...
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...REVOLUTION ANALYTICS WHITE PAPER Advanced ‘Big Data’ Analytics with R and Hadoop 'Big Data' Analytics as a Competitive Advantage Big Analytics delivers competitive advantage in two ways compared to the traditional analytical model. First, Big Analytics describes the efficient use of a simple model applied to volumes of data that would be too large for the traditional analytical environment. Research suggests that a simple algorithm with a large volume of data is more accurate than a sophisticated algorithm with little data. The algorithm is not the competitive advantage; the ability to apply it to huge amounts of data—without compromising performance—generates the competitive edge. Second, Big Analytics refers to the sophistication of the model itself. Increasingly, analysis algorithms are provided directly by database management system (DBMS) vendors. To pull away from the pack, companies must go well beyond what is provided and innovate by using newer, more sophisticated statistical analysis. Revolution Analytics addresses both of these opportunities in Big Analytics while supporting the following objectives for working with Big Data Analytics: 1. 2. 3. 4. Avoid sampling / aggregation; Reduce data movement and replication; Bring the analytics as close as possible to the data and; Optimize computation speed. First, Revolution Analytics delivers optimized statistical algorithms for the three primary data management paradigms being employed to address...
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...Marketing Research Paper Air Leo Airline ______ This Air Leo airline will base its business and marketing strategies on achieving high, and profitable, load factors through absorption of unmet demand in three key air-traffic categories: unserved and under-served routes on which high unmet demand currently exists or can be readily developed; serving key niche markets where demand is either unmet or poorly served; and meeting peak traffic demands on certain key regional, seasonal, and variable routes where very high load factors can be predicted despite existing but lower-quality competition, or where competition cannot meet the demand. The proposed Air Leo airline will be designed around, and operated utilizing, the most up-to-date electronic, informational, and aviation technologies to ensure low operating and marketing costs, maximum efficiency in deployment of its resources, and a high level of customer service and convenience. And it is this final element - dedicating the airline, its staff, and its organization to providing a high level of customer service and convenience, and efficiently meeting the needs, wants, comfort, and safety of the passenger - that will assure the proposed airline's rapid acceptance in the marketplace and its long-term growth and success. How the company will execute the Marketing Plan: 1. Provision of high-quality service on routes and in markets that currently are either unserved, poorly served, or under-subscribed by existing carriers...
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...Abandoning Innovation in Emerging Industries* Rajshree Agarwal College of Business University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 350 Wohlers Hall, 1206 S. Sixth Street Champaign, IL 61822 Voice: (217) 265-5513 agarwalr@uiuc.edu Barry L. Bayus Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina CB 3490 Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Voice: (919) 962-3210 Barry_Bayus@UNC.edu Mary Tripsas Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Road Boston, MA 02163 Voice: (617) 495-8407 mtripsas@hbs.edu Preliminary Draft September, 2005 All authors contributed equally and are listed in alphabetical order. The paper has benefited from comments made by seminar participants at the Harvard Business School. All remaining errors are ours. * Abandoning Innovation in Emerging Industries Abstract Existing models of industry evolution describe a smooth pattern of emergence over time in which the number of firms in an industry increases, hits a peak, decreases as a result of a shakeout, and then stabilizes as the industry reaches maturity. Although this model has been well-accepted and the basic empirical finding holds true across a range of industries, we propose that the finding is not as robust as is generally assumed. We introduce an alternative pattern of evolution in which, during the emergent stage, an industry experiences a sharp decrease in the number of firms – a “mini shakeout” – before increasing again, reaching a final peak and undergoing a major shakeout as described in the extant literature...
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...Dementia patients Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. Caused by problematic supply of blood to the brain, symptoms include challenging communication, depression and anxiety, strokes, physical weakness or paralysis, confusion, changes in behaviour and difficulties in walking and unsteadiness. This paper discusses the problems faced by caregivers of patients suffering from vascular dementia who are above the age of 65 and possible recommendations to improve their plight through the review of the movie, Amour (a movie about an octogenarian couple, Georges and Anne, where Anne develops vascular dementia) and current literature pertaining to the topic. Georges “Put yourself in my place. Didn’t you ever think it could happen to me, too? Anne: “Of course I did. But imagination and reality have little in common.” Anne’s sudden speech arrest and frozen stare at the breakfast table with no recollection afterward are the first signs of a partial seizure. Caregivers, like Georges, who are not prepared for looking after patients are under pressure because of their increasing needs. Georges does not seem to mind this responsibility of taking care of her initially, but Anne’s condition deteriorates fast. She experiences profound right sided weakness and is bound to the wheelchair. Georges struggles to lift her from the wheelchair and make her sit on a chair or go the bathroom. Increased stress in his behaviour is noted when he is...
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...Make your recommendations as specific as possible. Include details. For example: ■ Weak: “To meet her need for belongingness/affiliation, I would appoint Felicia to a team.” ■ Stronger: “To meet her need for belongingness/affiliation, Felicia should be appointed to the Warehouse Quality Improvement Team. Team members include X, Y, and Z. Benefits of relationships with these contacts include…Team leader will be asked to mentor Felicia for possible succession to the role of facilitator. Per Theory A, these actions will contribute to Felicia’s sense of belongingness by…” Notice how in the above example, the writing has eliminated first person pronouns by rephrasing. - Sources – Use APA to cite/reference and other sources. Use the skills learned in weeks 4 and 5. Go to your online library. Find academic scholarly peer reviewed articles to support and justify all opinions. Back-up opinions and observations with the experts. Paraphrase all. No quotes are allowed. HEADINGS AND TOPIC SENTENCES: To ensure full credit, do not include the boldface headings that appear in the outlines for your papers. Be sure, however, that you do outline as you plan your paper. Planning is a key to success. Also remember that all papers in your 571 class must be submitted to GROWS before submitting for grading. Manage your time accordingly. Papers that do not include APA formatted headings may be returned for correction. Late penalties may apply. ...
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...Education for Health, Vol. 16, No. 3, November 2003, 318 – 327 COMMUNITY-RELATED ISSUES A Conceptual Model for Empowerment of the Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal SARALA SHRESTHA Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT Context: The existing top-down approach of the training is not appropriate to empower the community health volunteers to produce a sustainable change in their performance. Objective: To propose a conceptual model that relies on Freire’s theory of empowerment education and the participatory action research methodology to empower the female community health volunteers (FCHVs) to increase their consciousness, competence and confidence in performing their job responsibilities. Method: The model explains the empowerment phenomenon as a process and outcome. As a process it occurs in the form of repeated reinforcement cycles with alternating activities of action and reflection and includes developing awareness, skills and confidence among FCHVs through small group activities. As an outcome, it results in the change in FCHVs’ performance in increasing contraceptive acceptance among the rural women of reproductive age group. Conclusion: It is hoped that empowerment of FCHVs will bring sustainable change in their performance and will consequently produce notable improvement in the health of women and children in particular and in the community in general. KEYWORDS Empowerment, community health volunteer, participatory...
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...that population growth and birth rates are too high (United Nations, 2007). In many developing countries, these concerns have led to action. Since the 1960s, alongside efforts to increase educational opportunity and improve health conditions, the main policy response to concern about rapid population growth has been the implementation of voluntary family planning programs that provide information about, and access to, contraceptives. In the developing world, 137 million women who don't want to get pregnant are not practicing contraception (United Nations, 2007). The key cause of this unmet need for contraception is that contraception is often quite costly to individuals in terms of commodities (pills, condoms, Intrauterine devices (IUDs) etc.), transportation, and provider fees for contraceptives and health care services, even when subsidies are provided by the government. Therefore, this paper seeks to discuss whether family planning programmes are obsolete and alternative programmes must be derived in amelioration of high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. It will start by defining key terms that will be used in the discussion, and discuss possible...
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...Nursing advocacy can affect patient outcomes. As the nursing profession evolves and responsibilities increase, it is necessary to better understand the concept of nursing advocacy. The role of advocacy is not new for the nursing profession, but the nature of advocacy in the nursing practice remains ambiguous. Nurses are obligated to act as an advocate for their patients, but there is lack of clarity on how to perform this role. The purpose of this paper is to better understand nursing advocacy and to explore ways it is practiced across all fields of nursing in order to promote improved patient care. Advocacy is an essential role for the nursing profession; however, it can be affected by many factors. The goal of advocacy is to balance the relationship between the healthcare system and the patients who are served by evaluating patient/family needs, providing information and education, ensuring access to proper care and supporting the patient and family’s decision within the structure of a multidisciplinary team. This paper will explore the following research question: What are the variables that affect the role of nursing advocacy and in what ways is it practiced across all fields of nursing? Review of Literature Introduction The general topic of the review of literature is nursing advocacy. We are examining and exploring a clearer definition of nursing advocacy and how it is practiced across all fields of nursing. The studies were retrieved through searches on the CINAHL...
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...Innovation Process Paper and Presentation –Claudia Sykes The development of something new is fairly complicated, and it can be quite difficult to apply the innovation process to change an organization. “In its uncomplicated form, the innovation process consists of three particular phases: conception, implementation and marketing.” (Christ, Scott 2010.) Establish a measurable need where modification or alternation may help change the organization for the better. Consider perceptible things like your culture and employee morale and more definite items like your web-site or connecting better with a particular customer. This point can be supported by our week two assignment, when IBM’s CEO; Sam Palmisano had an innovative idea, “the internet.” Compose a complete and comprehensive breakdown of the hypothesis and make sure it addresses the unmet needs. Organize the proposal like a business plan and include an overview of the main points of the business plan, an objective, and how you are to implement plan. “This identifies the conception phase of the innovation process”. (Christ, Scott 2010.) Take your proposal to a member of your team who has influence with high ranking members of your organization. Experiment with your presentation, ask an affiliate, or a team member who will be helping drive your idea forward, to review your analysis and provide candid feedback. Edit your ideas based on observation from your colleagues. Take all criticism into consideration and think...
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...Abstract This paper discusses about the corporate social responsibility (CSR) theories and models. Application of corporate social responsibility theories and models is also applied on the Football Club Barcelona, which reflects the company's interest for CSR. Theoretical background of CSR theory and model is also presented in the paper. Company background, CSR report and company criticism is also covered in the paper. Findings of the paper reflect that the company is committed for socially responsible behavior and has taken some groundbreaking measures to ensure their obligation for CSR theories. Introduction Corporate social responsibility is the wider phenomena that are considered as a building block of organizational success. Sign of success is nowadays measured through the extent of corporate social responsibility maintained by the organizations in this global context. There are various theories and models developed on the corporate social responsibility which are used by the organizations to improve their image in the market in order to build a strong identity in the respective market. To maintain a level of supremacy in the market, companies operating at the national as well international level are following the footprints of those who are gaining terrific outcomes from the implementation of corporate social responsibility theories. Nowadays, the company reputation is analyzed by judging whether the company is following the principles of theories oriented towards the...
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...College Students Working: The Choice Nexus A Review of Research Literature on College Students and Work by Tina Tuttle, with Jeff McKinney & Melanie Rago I PA S T O P I C B R I E F S College enrollments have continued on an upward climb for decades, as more and more people recognize the value of a college education, especially the tangible value of the diploma in the marketplace. The past few decades have witnessed growing diversity in higher education, but with that diversity we also see dramatic changes in how students are funding their college educations. Adult degree seekers, firstgeneration students, students of color, and students from low-income backgrounds have become a mainstay in the growing mix in college today. This new mix challenges the persistent image of the of the “traditional,” direct-from-high school, white, middle-class college student on a residential campus, who may work part time, is dependent on parents, and graduates within four years. In fact this picture represents less than 27% of college students today (Choy 2002). Today’s college students face a complex set of dilemmas about whether to attend college, where to attend, how to pay, how much to work, how many jobs to take, how to pay credit card bills and car payments, how to juggle family and children, and how to balance these competing priorities while in school. The amount of time students spend working has been of increasing concern for the educators that serve them and, in some instances...
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