...responsibility in relation to business practices and decision-making in business. The challenge with business ethics is not all individuals agree on what is morally right and wrong. There are many ethical theories and practices that take place among corporations today. This essay will examine virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. Virtue Theory Virtue theory was developed by Aristotle. It is also called character ethics and is surrounded on the theory one should try to cultivate excellence throughout life both morally and nonmorally (Boylan, p.133, 2009). The basis of the theory is examining a person’s entire life and how it is lived, not just one act. It is believed virtue ethics are developed and learned improving over time. Virtues are good habits that become a characteristic of a person. Moreover, the moral side of virtue is learning to develop and apply the best one can be in all situations. The theory addresses ethics as it is one doing what is good all of the time. Utilitarianism Unlike the virtue theory that surrounds an individual’s character, utilitarianism focus on a group. Utilitarianism suggest that the morally right action is the one that produces the most good and is commonly referred to the popular saying, “The greatest good for the greatest number” (Boylan, p.153, 2009). The theory is argued by the pleasure and pain principle. It is believed most living creatures make decisions based on pain or pleasure and will avoid pain at all cost. Later, the...
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...humanity? “The media’s the most powerful entity on earth…because they control the minds of the masses” (Malcom X, 2012). Media has responsibilities and these responsibilities need to be clarified and upheld by society. Unfortunately, media today does not abide by moral standards, which in turn sends mixed messages to our society. Often times these messages are demoralizing, desensitizing, and false. Young people and adults alike are trying to navigate through their lives and through the world with a broken compass. The role media plays in issues such as self-worth, bullying, and suicide need to be addressed and revised. I will discuss media and its role and responsibility through the perspective of both a classical and contemporary ethical theory. The classical theory that will be discussed is virtue ethics, which is the study of the virtuous character of a person (Mosser, 2010, p.1.7). The contemporary theory that will be discussed is emotivism, which is basing one’s moral decisions on one’s feelings and emotions (Mosser, 2010, p.1.8). Concluding, I will discuss which theory is closer to my own personal view and why I chose that particular theory. While freedom of speech and personal connection are very important, age appropriate moral standards should be upheld in the media because media plays a significant role in suicide, bullying, and self-worth. According to Mosser (2010), virtue ethics seeks to find “not what makes an act good but what makes a person...
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...Memo To: CEO of Toy Company From: Elementary Division Manger CC: Executive Team Date: 10/17/2014 The purpose of this memo is to address three key focus points of this defective product: Shipment, main event money solutions while taking customer satisfaction into account and weighing benefits versus risk of each scenario. Decision Process After careful assessment of choices for Main event solutions, a decision making model would be the best approach. Systematically examining each of the five steps involved in this process. To be affective and accurate each step must be careful assessed for its pros and cons, and how it will overall influence the company. Step 1: Propose the problem as a question: Is this issue urgent, and if so how important is it to the overall benefit of the company? Step 2: Gather all relevant data, closely examine causative and effective options. Step 3: Weigh pros against cons of each option. Step 4: Chose and implement best choice. Step 5: Finally, present decisions in a comprehensive format, outlining outcomes to all relevant parties involved in the decision making process. First Alternative I chose to use a decision-making model to conclude and affirm my decision regarding the defective whistle. First choice, although less favorable but maintains the best interest of the company would be to hold the order and cancel shipments. Advantages of this choice are as follows: conservation of public image as well as prevention of any inhumane...
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...During the presentation on the Bushido Code, one of the major ideas stated was that the characters in the novel are personifications of the Bushido Code. The Bushido Code is a way of life that was widely popular in Japan around 1868. The Bushido Code translates to the way of the warrior, and it includes seven virtues; integrity, respect, courage, compassion, loyalty, honesty, and honor. The most important virtue is honor. The Bushido Code is shown extensively throughout the novel, as some of the characters represent it and all that it stands for. Although there are other characters that represent the opposite of the Bushido Code, and all that must never be done by a respectful individual. The main character, Shinji, is the perfect example...
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...I am a part of a very specific and individualized discourse community of people who learn and play the fantasy role playing game Dungeons and Dragons. This game is a worldwide phenomenon, with players spanning the entire globe, so intern, the discourse community is very unique in being so widespread. I personally play with a select few members from my family, as well as close family friends, adding myself to a sub-discourse community. The foundation for Dungeons and Dragons, or D&D, is storytelling. Your characters step into a realm unlike your own and create their story, one dice roll at a time. There are many values that remain upheld in this discourse community. The rules are expected to be followed at all times, and although it doesn't...
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...for men. Rubin wrote her influential essay The Traffic in Women in 1975, yet her definitions of sex, gender, and sexism are still applicable today. The issues that Rubin addressed are demonstrated in particular in today’s media, which reinforces gender inequality and objectification, through the depiction of women as hyper-sexualized, weak, and unskilled. This negative depiction of women exists especially in the gaming community, in which many have criticized the negative portrayal of women as sexist and severely problematic. Video games like Grand Theft Auto and Red Dead Redemption portray women in an almost exclusively violent and sexualized manner, which serves to reinforce the never-ending sexism and gender biases that society has upheld for centuries. Society as a whole can change the perception of gender and how women are perceived, but leaps towards progressive ideas need to be made first, starting with the video game industry as a whole. Throughout history, women’s roles have primarily been domestic – staying home and being responsible for the care of her husband and children. As Warnke points out (4), this is not a result of sex but, rather of gender. Society, culture, and especially economics have been the primary driver behind the reinforcement of gender stereotypes particularly for women. Joan Wallach Scot’s analysis of French garment jobs during the 1840’s serves as an example of the historical gender identities that were constructed for women. During the 19th...
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...In Antigone, the tragic hero, Creon, suffers as a result of his family’s suicides and becomes cognizant of the fact that he has committed moral wrongdoing by executing the title character. The prophet Tiresias foreshadowed this reversal of fortune and had previously criticized Creon for violating divine laws. In Sophocles’ Antigone, Tiresias reveals that the will of the deities is more important than the will of the characters and enables divine intervention through prophecy. First, by predicting Creon’s peripetia at the hands of the gods, Tiresias emphasizes the importance of the role of the pantheon in the play. In lines 1198 and 1199, Tiresias warns Creon that he will suffer divine retribution as a result of his actions, “..the Furies sent by the gods and the god...
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...It is breathtaking to witness the rooted words of a book, sprout and take life upon a stage. Only seconds into The Springers production of “Of Mice and Men” Lennie Smalls distinguished himself as a peculiar character, his childlike actions hinting towards a disability within. This adaptation of Lennie opened the book and placed it on the stage, allowing actors words to fill the gaps within our mind, with pure interpretation. From Lennie’s first playful strides across the stage he appeared far from ordinary, leaving the audience eager to understand him. He hurried onto the stage, his worn self-resting on the ground, desperately cupping dirty water and gulping. He stood tall and capable, with a head of gray he appeared to be in his fifty’s despite...
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...“Character education is the way the teacher talks, the behaviours that are modeled, the conduct that is tolerated, the deeds that are encouraged, and the expectations that are transmitted” (Creasy, 2008,p. 3). Even though character education has not been explicitly taught within the school, students are still receiving character education on different platforms throughout the school day such as, learning to play together and that hurting a friend isn’t kind. Schools have always taught students to play nicely together, by slapping new terminology on an already familiar idea just satisfying the publics’ interests? Educators uphold high ethical standards, however recently the public sees students’ behaviour as less then upstanding. Jane’s...
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...ensure that they do not follow the usual procedures of reporting to the police to ascertain he person who was wrong and the law to take its cause (Ebert, 2002). The procedure caused a delay to both of them and each of the characters is losing what they had planned for the day. At the beginning part of the film Doyle Gipson refuses to be brushed by Gavin we see that organization norms are upheld by Gipson. In the film we can see bystander apathy in the case where Doyle Gipson is not willing help Galvin Banek to get his documents. Hedonism is displayed at the point where Galvin Banek has gone to explain to Gipson’s wife all that had happened. Gipson is in psychological egoism while thinking if he should give back the file to Galvin or not. Ethical relativism is seen when Galvin and Gipson come together and apologized to one another. Diffusion of responsibility is displayed when Gipson’s wife is seen in court with an intention to be the one taking care of the children in Oregon. Conscience comes to Gipson and Gavin come together to help each other achieve their respective intentions. Prima facie obligation is seen in the part where Gavin feel that he owes Gipson and hence goes with an explanation to the wife. Moral principles are seen when the two characters Gipson represents Gavin in court and a professional codes of conduct are also displayed in that part....
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...Integrity in the Ethical Sense The word “integrity” is born from the Latin word “integer”, referencing a whole number. Integrity is being whole, or undivided within oneself. “Ethics is the study of the choices people make between right and wrong” (Ruggiero, p. 4, 2008). Ethics is a derivative of the Greek word “ethos” meaning “character”. Therefore, ethical integrity could be explained as the examination of virtue and justice in ones character. In order to do so, we will have to take a deeper look into ethics and integrity, examine the practical, ethical/social obligations, the need for appropriate actions and the optimal ethical decision making process for Ethical Integrity. “In a very basic sense, integrity involves ‘standing for something’, especially standing for the values and causes that to some extent confer identity. Given their overriding importance, one’s commitment to moral values and principles will have an identity-conferring function” (Van Willingenburg, p. 386, 2000). In a sense, integrity is the foundation to one’s character. “A person of integrity is willing to bear the consequences of her convictions, even when this is difficult, that is, when the consequences are unpleasant” (McFall, p. 9, 1987). More specific characteristics of integrity include: veracity, truthfulness, consistency and reliability. A person whom possesses this distinctiveness is viewed as honest and ethical. “When we grant integrity to a person, we need not approve of his or her principles...
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...Two Mothers, One World Chilean women’s societal roles have historically been impacted by traditional gender norms as well as a patriarchal cultural; just as most cultures have. However, throughout the years, Chilean women have proven themselves a force not to be reckoned with by involving themselves more and more into the political world. The film Machuca is a story of national violence and guilt seen through the innocent eyes of a boy named Gonzalo Infante and through him we meet two important women; Silvana and Maria Luisa Infante (IMdB, 2004). Machuca validates the moral crises of Allende’s fall with dramatic force, especially by the women of Chile. Through Gonzalo we witness the representation of Silvana and Maria Luisa, two women that come from very different backgrounds and political stand points who are trying to survive in Santiago. The theme of social structure and symbolism in the women is evident throughout the movie which is shown frequently through the actions of the right-winged and left-winged women; particularly in The March of Empty Pots and Pans and the symbolism of the roles each woman plays. Outside on the streets of Santiago, the audience often sees political slogans draping the city buildings and influential marches from both sides frequently disrupting the peace which both reflect the political ferment that’s in the air (Wood, 2004). The three friends, Gonzalo, Pedro and Silvana, help Silvana’s father take advantage of the political situation by selling...
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...If the states ratified this amendment, they could be readmitted to the Union. Only one of the southern states ratified the Amendment, and Congress enacted military rule to ensure that civil rights were being upheld. Soon after, the 15th amendment passed and granted black male suffrage. Many black people began to gain political power and a black middle class of teachers, businessmen and some doctors and lawyers developed. By 1877, all the southern states had ratified the 14th amendment and been readmitted to the union. The North then decided to withdraw its troops as the ratification was satisfactory to...
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...Othello and its social hierarchy, contrary to today's day and age, required it to be upheld by men. If written any other way, the plot would not have made any sense in correlation to the social, economic, and political values of seventeenth century Venice. Gender roles were simple. Men were the military and political leaders of their home and land and were, also, expected to remain loyal to their strong sense of masculinity by displaying it every now and then. Women, on the other hand, were thought of like faulty males, not head strong and independent, but weak and subservient. The strangely alluring thing about Othello is Shakespeare’s upheaval of these expectations, demonstrating his unease over the way gender relationships were so often displayed in his stimuli. The resolve of Othello's female characters showed their ability to do much more than just serve. From the way the play begins, women seem like nothing more than affectionate wives and pawns in Iago’s evil game. Emilia claims, “I do nothing, but to please his fantasy,” (2.1.157)...
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...ensure that they do not follow the usual procedures of reporting to the police to ascertain he person who was wrong and the law to take its cause (Ebert, 2002). The procedure caused a delay to both of them and each of the characters is losing what they had planned for the day. At the beginning part of the film Doyle Gipson refuses to be brushed by Gavin we see that organization norms are upheld by Gipson. In the film we can see bystander apathy in the case where Doyle Gipson is not willing help Galvin Banek to get his documents. Hedonism is displayed at the point where Galvin Banek has gone to explain to Gipson’s wife all that had happened. Gipson is in psychological egoism while thinking if he should give back the file to Galvin or not. Ethical relativism is seen when Galvin and Gipson come together and apologized to one another. Diffusion of responsibility is displayed when Gipson’s wife is seen in court with an intention to be the one taking care of the children in Oregon. Conscience comes to Gipson and Gavin come together to help each other achieve their respective intentions. Prima facie obligation is seen in the part where Gavin feel that he owes Gipson and hence goes with an explanation to the wife. Moral principles are seen when the two characters Gipson represents Gavin in court and a professional codes of conduct are also displayed in that part....
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