...The glands in human body are of two types. One is exocrine glands and the other is endocrine glands. Endocrine glands These are ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the blood and which influence metabolism, body growth, development, activity, repair and other bodily functions. The endocrine glands are the glands of internal secretion. Below are the major endocrine glands in the endocrine system; Pituitary gland – The Pituitary gland is sometimes called the "master" gland of the endocrine system, because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands. The Pituitary gland is no larger than a pea, and is located at the base of the brain. The gland is attached to the hypothalamus (a part of the brain that affects the pituitary gland) by nerve fibres. The Pituitary gland itself consists of three sections: • the anterior lobe • the intermediate lobe • the posterior lobe The anterior lobe produces hormones stimulating the Thyroid gland, the Adrenal glands, ovarian follicles, Ovaries and Testes. It also produces hormones to stimulate milk production in females after giving birth. The intermediate lobe produces hormones that control the skins pigmentation. The posterior lobe produces hormones to increase absorption of water into the blood by the kidneys and hormones to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production. Pineal gland – The Pineal gland is about the size of a pea, and is in the centre of the brain in a tiny cave...
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...How do hormones function in our bodies? What are hormones? Do you know anything about genetics? These questions and more will be discussed in detail in the following essay. Hormones and heredity are two very different things; the only thing they have in common is that they both start with the letter “H”. Let’s break them down individually for a better understanding of what they are and how they are related to our bodies. The endocrine system plays a key role in helping to coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions. The endocrine glands release chemical substances called hormones that are carried throughout the body by the bloodstream to help regulate bodily activities. Hormones organize the nervous system and body tissues; for example, during puberty hormones trigger the development of secondary sex characteristics like breasts in females or a deeper voice in males. Hormones activate behaviors; they affect such things as alertness or sleepiness, excitability, sexual behavior, ability to concentrate, aggressiveness, reactions to stress, and even desire for companionship. They can also have a dramatic effect on mood, emotional reactivity, ability to learn, and ability to resist disease. There are various glands located in the body which help secrete hormones into our bodies; pituitary glands are located on the underside of the brain; it produces the largest number of the body’s hormones and has the widest range of effects on the body’s functions. The pineal gland...
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...biological process of inheriting certain traits of physical and mental qualities through generations from each parent at the time of conception. Hormones are the development of a person their growth; the ability to concentrate, aggressiveness, sexual drive, reproduction, metabolism and play a major role on the ability to learn and the type of mood a person is in. The endocrine system plays a key role in helping to “coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions” (Morris & Maisto, pg. 65, 2010). It consists of the pituitary gland; pineal gland, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland, the pancreas, gonads, ovaries, and the adrenal glands. Each one of the glands in the endocrine system secretes a different hormone right into the bloodstream which then is responsible for a different function. For example, the thyroid gland is located “below the larynx” it produces the hormone called thyroxin which “regulates the body’s rate of metabolism and thus how alert and energetic people are and how fat or thin they tend to be” (Morris & Maisto, pg. 66, 2010). An overactive thyroid can produce different systems such as; reduced attention span, insomnia, and over excitability. According to Morris & Maisto “too little thyroxin leads to constantly feeling tired and wanting to sleep (pg. 66, 2010). The gonad (testes in males and ovaries in female) secretes hormones known as the androgens for male and estrogen hormone for female. Testosterones are responsible for behavior in...
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...through chromosomes that help form the psychological aspects within a person’s life. This type of genetics is behavioral genetics. Disorders like schizophrenia and depression are passed through genes as part of behavioral genetics(Morris & Maisto, 2005). The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete different hormones. Some glands regulate how specific organs function while other glands regulate how a person behaves these glands fall under two categories exocrine and endocrine. Glands that help regulate how a person behaves are thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal body, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes (Turley, 2007). While most of these glands are influenced by the secretions of the pituitary gland, they all regulate specific bodily functions and release their hormones directly into the blood and not through ducts (Turley, 2007). A normally functioning body will have the appropriate amounts of hormones released into the body, if the glands malfunction then people would notice a difference in how they feel and behave. Psychologists also research the evolutionary root of behaviors and mental processes. This is called evolutionary psychology. The limbic system is a ring of loosely connected structures located between the central core and the cerebral hemispheres in the brain (Morris & Maisto, 2005). The research around evolutionary psychology is to...
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...ADRENALINE by A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Chemistry Honors 2007 Approved by Chairperson of Supervisory Committee Program Authorized to Offer Degree Date Abstract Adrenaline A thesis presented on the hormone called adrenaline containing its origin, effects, location in the body, and why it is significant to the body and its systems. Table of Contents List of Figures ii Acknowledgements iii Glossary iv Introduction 1 Chapter I: Case Study 2 Statement of Problem 3 Purpose of Study 3 Description of Terms 5 Chapter II: Conceptual Framework 12 Physiology of Problem 13 Sociology of Problem 21 Chapter III: Methodology 40 Selection of Celestial Bodies 41 Selection of Subjects 43 Collection of Data 50 Analysis of Data 57 Chapter IV: Findings and Discussion 60 Description of Findings 63 Summary 71 Glossary 73 Bibliography 75 Appendix A: Questionnaire 77 Appendix B: Consent Form 78 Appendix C: Data Figures 79 Pocket Material: Map of Case Study Solar Systems List of figures Number Page 1. Discovery of Adrenaline 1 2. Meaning and Origin 2 3. Uses 3 4. Bibliography 4 5. Index 5 Chapter 1 adrenaline Adrenaline was the first hormone to be identified. It was first discovered by Takamine from Japan in 1902, and was successfully synthesized in 1904. Adrenaline belongs to a family called biogenic amines, which includes serotonin and histamine...
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...principal organs that comprise the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. These organs also consist of various tissues including nerve, blood and connective tissue. All together the organs and various tissues carry out the activities of the nervous system. The activities of the nervous system can be grouped together as three overlapping functions. The first of these functions is sensory. There are millions of sensory receptors that detect changes which occur on the inside and outside of the body. They monitor things such as temperature, light and sound from the external environment and from the internal environment they detect variations in pressure, PH, carbon dioxide. All of this gathered information is called sensory output which is converted into electrical signals called nerve impulses which are transmitted to the brain. These signals are then brought together to create sensations, to add a memory or to produce thoughts. The decisions that are made each moment based on the sensory input is the second function, integration. Based on both the sensory and integration functions, the nervous system responds by sending signals to the muscles, causing them to contract, or to glands, causing them to produce secretions. Muscle and glands are called effectors as they cause an effect in response to directions from the nervous system. This provides us with the third function, motor. The nervous system as a...
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...Maggie A. Balacua BOM25 Hormones secreted by the main Endocrine Glands: Endocrine Gland | Hormone(s) Secreted | Function(s) of Hormones | | | | (1) Hypothalamus | Part of the Brain: The Control and Relay Centre of the Endocrine System. | (2) Pituitary | Known as the "Master Gland", this part of the brain consists of three lobes called "anterior", "interior" and "posterior". | Posterior | * Oxytocin | * Stimulates utrine contraction and brest contraction for milk release. | Posterior | * Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as "vasopressin" | * Stimulates re-absorption of water from kidney tubules. * Hypo- causes Diabetes Insipidus (large amounts of urine produced). | Anterior | * Prolactin (PRL) | * Production of breast milk (works in men too). | Anterior | * Human Growth Hormone (HGH) | * Growth * Hypo- Dwarfism * Hyper- Gigantism | | * Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | * Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin. | Anterior | * Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) | * Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce: Corticosteriods: * mineral corticoids * glucocorticoids * cortisol (natural anti-inflammatory) * androgens, e.g. acdosterone | Anterior | * Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | * Brings about ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum. | Anterior | * Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | * Stimulates growth/development of Graafin follicles (= a mature follicle in...
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...Heredity and Hormones BEH/225 April 12, 2011 Heredity and Hormones Human behavior can be affected by many things. Human behavior though is more influenced by hormones than heredity. Genes do not directly cause behavior. Genes do affect the development and operation of the nervous system and the endocrine system which influence the likelihood of certain behavior (Morris & Maisto, 2002). Nature vs. Nurture means that scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions (nature). Other scientists believe that people behave or think a certain way because they were taught to be that way (nurture). Scientists believe that DNA plays a part in human behaviors, and this debate continues (Powell, 2010). The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones. Hormones are also involved in regulating the emotional life. Hormones organize the nervous system and body tissues plus they have a dramatic effect on mood (Morris & Maisto, 2002). The endocrine glands are located throughout the body. Thyroid gland is located just below the voice box and it produces Thyroxin, which regulates the body’s metabolism rate. Too much or too little can affect how a person feels and behaves. The thyroid contains four tiny organs that control the calcium and phosphate within the body and can influence levels of excitability (Morris & Maisto, 2002). Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake...
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...bloodstream to guide the processes of sexual development, metabolism, and growth (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Hormones have different effects on the different genders. With women hormones cause mood swings, people always assume that when a female in menstruating she is automatically in a bad mood that is not the case what happens are the women’s hormones are out of balance and this causes the “mood swings”. Thank goodness there are medications both over the counter and Doctor prescribed to help balance out the hormones. Hormones organize the entire nervous system during puberty. Hormones are responsible for behaviors because they affect alertness, excitability, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, and how one reacts to stress (Morris & Maisto, 2005). The hormones estrogen and androgen cause acne flare-ups when they are out of balance. The endocrine glands are the main glands that regulate our hormones. Endocrine glands are pituitary gland, gonads, thyroid gland, and the pineal gland (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Heredity is when genes and personal traits are passed down from parent to child. The genes and heredity that is passed down form one generation to the next has a great impact on the way people behave. Heredity does not always immediately take place sometimes expression of a trait can be delayed. Behavior genetics was thought to be environmental until the 1960’s. Behavioral disorders show a greater genetic influence then most other common...
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...influenced by genes that are already present in the framework of the person. Genes are inherited when they are passed down from parent to child. The environment can cause our genes to change, or mutate. The way that heredity influences behavior over time may change and it may not always have an influence in the future. The endocrine system is a vital part of coordinating and integrating the many complex reactions that make up the human psyche. Hormones are chemicals released by the endocrine glands. After being released from the endocrine glands, hormones then travel to the rest of the body via the blood stream. Hormones carry messages and help regulate bodily activities. Hormones are activators for different behaviors. Hormones can affect mood, emotional reactions, and learning ability. Changes in hormones can contribute to mental disorders like depression. The pituitary gland, often called the master gland, is located on the underside of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland produces the largest number of different hormones and has the widest range of effects on bodily functions. The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that produces thyroxin and is located just below the larynx. Thyroxin is a hormone that controls the body’s metabolism, how alert or energetic a person is, and how fat or thin that they tend to be. Too much of the hormone thyroxin, and it can result in insomnia, overexcitablity and a reduced attention span. At the other end...
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...happen, but it makes you wonder how can we look exactly like a relative we have never seen or just the spitting image of our parents. In my paper, I will compare and contrast the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior, by discussing our endocrine system, identifying of hormones and the glands responsible for secreting them, and genetics. Heredity and Hormones Heredity is the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring. Also it is the sum of characteristics and associated potentialities transmitted genetically to individual organism. Hormones are messengers that secreted by cell or gland. Hormones cause our moods to change, controls our reproductive system, cause us to hungry or crave a certain food. Imagine that our body is a house under construction, heredity is the blueprint, and hormones are the construction workers (Lyke, December 2009). The Endocrine System If hormones are the construction workers, then endocrine system is the contractor (Lyke, December 2009). Endocrine System made up of seven glands that regulates, get together, and controls our body functions. Our nervous system uses electricity to control our body, our endocrine system uses chemicals. The chemicals are secreted from the following eight glands: * pineal gland – secretes melatorin, *...
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...Hormones and Heredity Susan Kennedy BEH/225 August 20, 2012 Rosa Grindel Hormones and Heredity Human behavior varies from individual to individual. The tendencies to commit a crime, to be more aggressive, or to be more intelligent are all indicators of human behavior. Biologically, speaking, these behavioral outcomes are a direct result of hormones and genes. First, hormones are chemical substances released into the bloodstream by way of endocrine glands. Hormones guide such processes as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. Hormones have different affects based on gender. The nervous system and the endocrine system work together in a constant chemical conversation. The endocrine glans consists of Pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. While hormones have clearly defined roles throughout one’s lifetime, genes, which affect heredity, are responsive to the environment and their role clearly changes with respect to the environment. It should be noted that heredity is not some sort of master puppet holding the strings and controlling the environment. As a matter of fact, genes change or evolve based on the environment hence explaining the reason why things such as mutations and variations occur. Therefore, the way heredity influences human behavior at one point in time may not necessarily be the same way it does years to come. Conversely, hormones are very specific in nature, their presence or absence...
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...Acromegaly Causes. Demographic. Treatments. Research. Acromegaly is rare disorder of the endocrine system. It develops in the pituitary gland when too much of the growth hormone is produced. The pituitary glad is located in the bran and is the source of several hormones. Growth hormone is important in growth and regeneration of bones and other tissues by stimulating the liver to produce the hormone insulin – like growth factor. A tumor in adults is the most common cause of the excess growth hormone. Tumors can either be pituitary tumors or non-pituitary tumors. In most cases of acromegaly a beginning of noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland is the main cause. The tumors can press on near by tissues as they grow and the pressure can cause some acromegaly symptoms such as headaches, impaired vision in addition to producing an excess amount of the growth hormone. In some cases acromegaly is caused by benign of cancerous tumors in other parts of the body, lungs, pancreas or adrenal glands. The tumors may actually secrete growth hormone. In other cases the tumors produce a growth hormone releasing hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to make more growth hormone. Acromegaly is relatively a rare disorder that occurs in about 6 out of every 100,000 people. Gigantism is even more rare and the onset occurs usually at puberty. Acromegaly can be treated with surgery, medications and radiation. The care plan depends on age, size and location of tumor and other medical...
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...Consists of one or more cells that produce and secrete a product * Most are composed primarily of epithelium * Exocrine glands – secrete their product onto the outer surface or into a cavity (have a duct) * Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete their product internally to be transported by the bloodstream * The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions Endocrine Glands The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones. Endocrine Glands: * Are ductless; they secrete their hormones directly into tissue fluid * From there the hormones diffuse into the blood stream for distribution throughout the body Hormones: * Are chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues. * Hormones influence the metabolism of cells, the growth and development of body parts, and homeostasis. Hormones can be categorized into peptide hormones and steroid hormones: * Peptide hormones: (non-lipid soluble) * Include proteins, glycoproteins, and modified amino acids. (non-lipid soluble) * The peptide hormones can not enter the cell * Peptide hormones bind to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane and activate a "second messenger" system. * Second messenger sets in motion an enzyme cascade that leads to a cellular response * The second messenger causes the cellular changes for which the hormone is credited. (the peptide hormone stays outside...
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...Foundations of Psychology Paper Geni Mayes PSY300 10/11/2013 Ashley Dolecki Foundations of Psychology Paper The five major schools of thought in psychology are psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology. However, there are many sub-categories to each of these basic schools each of them deals with all aspects from biological to environmental. The main different schools of psychology that vary both in attitude and in methods of working are these that consist of the Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools as well as Gestalts, behaviorist, and cognitive schools. Behaviorism is the term and school of thought from B. F. Skinner, who mainly focused on observable behavior. . His goal was of relating behavior to experimental conditions. Skinner had several theories in regard to operant conditioning. Skinner believed that learning is a function of overt behavior and changes in an individual’s behavior is a result of events that occur in the individual’s environment (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Psychoanalysis was invented by Sigmund Freud, who believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into the innermost parts of the mind and reveals the causes of individual thoughts and behaviors. Freud researched repression, immorality of the subconscious, memory, par amnesia...
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